Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna
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Piękny czy dobry? Moralny wymiar upiększania ciała
Get PDFThe main purpose of the article is to point outsome relations between beauty and good in contemporary reality. The main question that arises here is as follows: is the relationship of beauty and moral good still relevant? The concept presented in the thesis refers to the ancient idea of kalokagathia. It stated that beauty is inseparable from moral good. As far as this ancient perspective is concerned, it can be treated as the background for contemporary considerations about the main issue of beauty and good. The article refers to the concept of aestheticization by Wolfgang Welsch. He defines aesthetics as the primary guiding value, where as experience and entertainment have become the guidelines for contemporary culture. Moreover, the thesis mentions the concept of the consumer society and new ethics of the relation to the body as it is described by Jean Budrillard. Then the narration of the article focuses on the following problem: in what sense can we talk nowadays about moral motivation for beauty treatments of body? One assumption leads to the case of looking after one’s body. Another point of view mentions the need of harmony which manifests itself in beautiful body. Eventually, the central question emerges whether contemporary practice of beautifying the body can be a part of the concept of the good life or not.The main purpose of the article is to point outsome relations between beauty and good in contemporary reality. The main question that arises here is as follows: is the relationship of beauty and moral good still relevant? The concept presented in the thesis refers to the ancient idea of kalokagathia. It stated that beauty is inseparable from moral good. As far as this ancient perspective is concerned, it can be treated as the background for contemporary considerations about the main issue of beauty and good. The article refers to the concept of aestheticization by Wolfgang Welsch. He defines aesthetics as the primary guiding value, where as experience and entertainment have become the guidelines for contemporary culture. Moreover, the thesis mentions the concept of the consumer society and new ethics of the relation to the body as it is described by Jean Budrillard. Then the narration of the article focuses on the following problem: in what sense can we talk nowadays about moral motivation for beauty treatments of body? One assumption leads to the case of looking after one’s body. Another point of view mentions the need of harmony which manifests itself in beautiful body. Eventually, the central question emerges whether contemporary practice of beautifying the body can be a part of the concept of the good life or not
Analiza terminów „stosunek społeczny” a „stosunek prawny”
Get PDFAnalysis of terms ‘social relationship’ and ‘legal relationship’ in the literature of legal theory and legal philosophy encounters many difficulties especially because of the ambiguity of such terms as ‘law’, ‘positive (statutory) law’, ‘rule’, ‘legal rule’, ‘norm’ and ‘legal norm’. Insight into the mentioned above literature points out that particularly the former pair of these notions have been so far wrongly considered as equivalent. It does not result a correct description of the relationship between different normative social systems such as statutory (positive) law, morality, religion and customs. Next it translates into a numbers of disputes about the content of positive law both in law-making’ and law-applying’s decisions.Analysis of terms ‘social relationship’ and ‘legal relationship’ in the literature of legal theory and legal philosophy encounters many difficulties especially because of the ambiguity of such terms as ‘law’, ‘positive (statutory) law’, ‘rule’, ‘legal rule’, ‘norm’ and ‘legal norm’. Insight into the mentioned above literature points out that particularly the former pair of these notions have been so far wrongly considered as equivalent. It does not result a correct description of the relationship between different normative social systems such as statutory (positive) law, morality, religion and customs. Next it translates into a numbers of disputes about the content of positive law both in law-making’ and law-applying’s decisions
Zaufanie a stosunki osobiste
Get PDFTrust is a pervasive phenomenon in our lives. We trust our family members and lovers, our physicians and teachers, our politicians and even strangers on the street. Trust has instrumental value for us, but at the same time it is often accompanied by risk. This is the reason why it is important to distinguish trust that is warranted or justified from blind trust. In order to answer the question how trust is justified, however, it is crucial to know exactly what is the fundamental nature of trust. In the paper, I reconstruct three accounts of trust that operate with the assumption that trust is fundamentally a mental state – the cognitivist account, the voluntaristic account and the affect-based account. I argue that all of these accounts make reference to deeply held intuitions about trust that are incompatible with each other. As a solution to this unfortunate dialectical situation, I suggest to give up the assumption that trust is primarily a mental state. Instead, I argue for a position according to which trust is best understood as a two-place predicate that characterizes a specific relationship in which we can stand to each other.Trust is a pervasive phenomenon in our lives. We trust our family members and lovers, our physicians and teachers, our politicians and even strangers on the street. Trust has instrumental value for us, but at the same time it is often accompanied by risk. This is the reason why it is important to distinguish trust that is warranted or justified from blind trust. In order to answer the question how trust is justified, however, it is crucial to know exactly what is the fundamental nature of trust. In the paper, I reconstruct three accounts of trust that operate with the assumption that trust is fundamentally a mental state – the cognitivist account, the voluntaristic account and the affect-based account. I argue that all of these accounts make reference to deeply held intuitions about trust that are incompatible with each other. As a solution to this unfortunate dialectical situation, I suggest to give up the assumption that trust is primarily a mental state. Instead, I argue for a position according to which trust is best understood as a two-place predicate that characterizes a specific relationship in which we can stand to each other
Heurystyka strachu. Czy ambiwalencja lęku może być dla nas pouczająca?
Get PDFThe paper assumes that fear presents a certain degree of ambivalence. To say it with Hans Jonas (1903-1993), fear is not only a negative emotion, but may teach us something very important: we recognize what is relevant when we perceive that it is at stake. Under this respect, fear may be assumed as a guide to responsibility, a virtue that is becoming increasingly important, because of the role played by human technology in the current ecological crisis. Secondly, fear and responsibility concern both dimensions of human action: private-individual and publiccollective. What the ‘heuristics of fear’ teaches us, is to become aware of a deeper ambivalence, namely the one which characterizes as such human freedom, which may aim to good or bad, to self preservation or self-destruction. Any public discussion concerning political or economic issues related with human action (at an individual or collective level) ought not to leave this essential idea out of consideration.The paper assumes that fear presents a certain degree of ambivalence. To say it with Hans Jonas (1903-1993), fear is not only a negative emotion, but may teach us something very important: we recognize what is relevant when we perceive that it is at stake. Under this respect, fear may be assumed as a guide to responsibility, a virtue that is becoming increasingly important, because of the role played by human technology in the current ecological crisis. Secondly, fear and responsibility concern both dimensions of human action: private-individual and publiccollective. What the ‘heuristics of fear’ teaches us, is to become aware of a deeper ambivalence, namely the one which characterizes as such human freedom, which may aim to good or bad, to self preservation or self-destruction. Any public discussion concerning political or economic issues related with human action (at an individual or collective level) ought not to leave this essential idea out of consideration
Teoretycznoprawne aspekty operacjonalizacji ochrony praw człowieka w państwie z perspektywy globalnego systemu prawa (Zarys problematyki)
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the presentation of the outline of the concept of operationalization of human rights taking place in the states involved in the system of international protection of those rights. The concept of operationalization of protection is a collective term for a series of processes that lead to the establishment of legal provisions protecting human rights, and to transfer this abstract construct to specific societies. It includes both the decision-making processes of extralegal (uprising idea, its conceptualization, social issues and change the perception of axiology of society, cultural aspects) and legal (lawmaking and law application processes in the aspect of human rights and the impact of international institutions on them) character. The essence of the process of operationalization is providing effective protection of human rights in a state. The concept is set primarily on the consequences of membership of Poland in the system of the Council of Europe.The article is devoted to the presentation of the outline of the concept of operationalization of human rights taking place in the states involved in the system of international protection of those rights. The concept of operationalization of protection is a collective term for a series of processes that lead to the establishment of legal provisions protecting human rights, and to transfer this abstract construct to specific societies. It includes both the decision-making processes of extralegal (uprising idea, its conceptualization, social issues and change the perception of axiology of society, cultural aspects) and legal (lawmaking and law application processes in the aspect of human rights and the impact of international institutions on them) character. The essence of the process of operationalization is providing effective protection of human rights in a state. The concept is set primarily on the consequences of membership of Poland in the system of the Council of Europe
Ciało wkracza na scenę. O wypartym doświadczeniu i metaforyce cielesności
Get PDFVindication of the body belongs to great projects of our times and the attention body receives can easily be named as one of the leitmotifs of modern age. Body has been subjected to repression, alienation and taming of its uncontrollable tendencies and wide disregard. Previous epochs left us with the dualism of mind and body, in which the spiritual element has been largely favored as the one connected to the universal truth. In recent times the situation shifted and it is the body that is seen as a source of authenticity and individuality. Attitudes towards the body have changed with the development of modern science, cultural perspective and new knowledge about body and its functions including psychosomatic and psychological. Moreover now-a-days bodies are protected like never before with new technologies. Subsequently bodies have become substituted in interaction with the outside world and estranged.Vindication of the body belongs to great projects of our times and the attention body receives can easily be named as one of the leitmotifs of modern age. Body has been subjected to repression, alienation and taming of its uncontrollable tendencies and wide disregard. Previous epochs left us with the dualism of mind and body, in which the spiritual element has been largely favored as the one connected to the universal truth. In recent times the situation shifted and it is the body that is seen as a source of authenticity and individuality. Attitudes towards the body have changed with the development of modern science, cultural perspective and new knowledge about body and its functions including psychosomatic and psychological. Moreover now-a-days bodies are protected like never before with new technologies. Subsequently bodies have become substituted in interaction with the outside world and estranged
Mediterranean drama: pragmatic, legal and moral aspects of hospitality
Get PDFHospitality is „not a concept which lends itself to objective knowledge,” Jacques Derrida assumes. His assumption „provokes” and challenges European hospitability, not only in the Mediterranean area in which „welcoming” and „ingratiating” (in Derrida’s terms) forms of human conduct met together thousands years ago, and an asylum seeker found hospitia. What is hospitality and why philosophize about it today? The paper examines hospitality’s pragmatic, customary, legal and moral aspects in, both, historical and contemporary contexts
Phenomenon-Based Learning, Filozofia i Design-Thinking, czyli pomysł na kształcenie myślenia i metodę łączenia treści nauczania w polskim systemie edukacji
Get PDFThis article offers an authorial idea of curriculum contents integration thanks to implementation of phenomenon-based learning method, philosophy as a school subject, and design thinking. Author believes that teaching contents and school subjects need to be integrated in order to comprehensively discuss modern phenomena in lessons. The manuscript presents briefly each component: Finnish phenomenon-based learning method and its circumstances of implementation, design thinking and an example of its application to education, as well as philosophy as a school subject to teach thinking and as a supplement for phenomenonbased learning method. The article attempts to prove that these components have certain objectives and characteristics in common and they complete one another providing new quality of teaching. This proposal is specifically designed for Polish education system having in consideration its obstacles and opportunities. Nevertheless, this idea might act also as an inspiration for other countries because it is meant to be universal.This article offers an authorial idea of curriculum contents integration thanks to implementation of phenomenon-based learning method, philosophy as a school subject, and design thinking. Author believes that teaching contents and school subjects need to be integrated in order to comprehensively discuss modern phenomena in lessons. The manuscript presents briefly each component: Finnish phenomenon-based learning method and its circumstances of implementation, design thinking and an example of its application to education, as well as philosophy as a school subject to teach thinking and as a supplement for phenomenonbased learning method. The article attempts to prove that these components have certain objectives and characteristics in common and they complete one another providing new quality of teaching. This proposal is specifically designed for Polish education system having in consideration its obstacles and opportunities. Nevertheless, this idea might act also as an inspiration for other countries because it is meant to be universal
Law and Literature – a Meaningful Connection
Get PDFThe connection between law and (imaginative) literature can still affect surprisingly. The theme of the present article is to summarize some of the basic features of the movement, which is called „Law and Literature” and to suggest some starting-points with which it is associated. These starting points include, for instance linguistic conception of law, narratology in law or the relations between law and culture. The article offers an overview of the classical approaches connecting law and literature and mentions the reasons for this connection: e.g. cultivation of law and lawyers, improvement of judicial decisions or improvement of legal interpretation. Some of the findings resulting from the joint of law and literature can be used in practice and goes beyond „mere” theory. The article is to be seen as an introduction to the movement of „Law and Literature”, presentation of ideas on which this movement is based and offering the possibility of its further development