Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna
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Przyrzekając niemoc. O duchu i egzystencji
Full text linkPresented article concerns existential sources and basis of humanism. The Author presents his own understanding of the title notions and describes human being as weak and incomplete in his essential nature – and whose duty is to hasten his passing. Human is understood as a spirit, existing in space of uncertainty, mystery, mortality, both demanding and somewhat fearsome. Presented considerations include a concept different from phenomenological understanding of human as a pure subject. The Author demonstrates that the theory of the absolute self- consciousness is based on absolute misery and oppression.Presented article concerns existential sources and basis of humanism. The Author presents his own understanding of the title notions and describes human being as weak and incomplete in his essential nature – and whose duty is to hasten his passing. Human is understood as a spirit, existing in space of uncertainty, mystery, mortality, both demanding and somewhat fearsome. Presented considerations include a concept different from phenomenological understanding of human as a pure subject. The Author demonstrates that the theory of the absolute self consciousness is based on absolute misery and oppression
„Civitas mensura” – obywatel miarą wszechrzeczy. Emancypacyjny i upodmiotawiający wymiar obywatelskiego humanizmu
Full text linkThe consideration of emancipatory and empowering dimension of civic humanism is the chief concern of the article. In the first part there are recalled classical Protagorean sources of European humanism with a special attention to its civic dimension. In the second part I analyse points 3 and 4 of The Amsterdam Declaration 2002 dedicated to the democratic political system. In the last part I propose and develop a thesis that co-participation of citizens in exercising of all three powers in deliberative democratic system – the legislative power (participation in the law-making processes), the executive (participation in creation and realisation of public policies) and the judicial (participation in the system of exercising justice as lay judges) - constitutes the foundation of contemporary humanism as civic activity.The consideration of emancipatory and empowering dimension of civic humanism is the chief concern of the article. In the first part there are recalled classical Protagorean sources of European humanism with a special attention to its civic dimension. In the second part I analyse points 3 and 4 of The Amsterdam Declaration 2002 dedicated to the democratic political system. In the last part I propose and develop a thesis that co-participation of citizens in exercising of all three powers in deliberative democratic system – the legislative power (participation in the law-making processes), the executive (participation in creation and realisation of public policies) and the judicial (participation in the system of exercising justice as lay judges) - constitutes the foundation of contemporary humanism as civic activity
Przekraczanie tradycji przyznawania człowiekowi uprzywilejowanej pozycji wobec zwierząt w aktach uobecniania indyferencji
Full text linkThe traditional view on the fact that animals have a lower status than humans were consolidated, among others, in the writings of Aristotle and Descartes. The traditional differences can, however, be questioned in the acts that are called by the author "the acts of anticipation of indifference”. In the following article two such acts of transcending the tradition of granting humans a privileged status in comparison to animals are indicated and analyzed: (1) in A treatise of human nature by David Hume and (2) in the philosophy of the ancient skeptic – Aenesidemus.The traditional view on the fact that animals have a lower status than humans were consolidated, among others, in the writings of Aristotle and Descartes. The traditional differences can, however, be questioned in the acts that are called by the author "the acts of anticipation of indifference”. In the following article two such acts of transcending the tradition of granting humans a privileged status in comparison to animals are indicated and analyzed: (1) in A treatise of human nature by David Hume and (2) in the philosophy of the ancient skeptic – Aenesidemus
Can human and artificial agents share an autonomy, categorical imperative-based ethics and “moral” selfhood?
Full text linkAI designers endeavour to improve ‘autonomy’ in artificial intelligent devices, as recent developments show. This chapter firstly argues against attributing metaphysical attitudes to AI and, simultaneously, in favor of improving autonomous AI which has been enabled to respect autonomy in human agents. This seems to be the only responsible way of making further advances in the field of autonomous social AI. Let us examine what is meant by claims such as designing our artificial alter egos and sharing moral selves with artificial humanoid devices as well as providing autonomous AI with an ethical framework modelled upon the core aspects of moral selfhood, e.g., making decisions which are based on autonomous law-giving, in Kantian terms
Dlaczego sesja KMDD® jest „szyta na miarę” dla naszego mózgu? Stymulacja kompetencji moralnej z perspektywy neuropsychologicznej
Full text linkFostering moral competence with KMDD® may give the best results thanks to be suitable for our brain and its processes. Neuropsychological research shows importance of fostering moral competence with KMDD® for dlPFC and vmPFC cooperation. It shouldbe taken into account that brain learns moral competence due to neuroplasticity and e.g. changes in the attention processes and high moral competence makes decisions more adequate and more quick. Not „only” cognition and not „only” emotions plays role in moral processing. Research shows obvious cooperation between those levels of neuronal processing. The article aims to show the brain areas which are most important for moral decision making and recent research findings on the KMDD® impact on brain functioning. What is most important this article is a kind of a try to answer the question: why KMDD® is the best method fostering moral competence according to neuropsychology
Czy wiedza i kultura humanistyczna potrzebna jest współczesnemu człowiekowi?
Full text linkTechnological progress and achievements are fundamental to social and economic progress. On the other hand however, they pose a threat to men, who fail to keep abreast of the pace and the results of the changes that take place. Science and education play therefore a crucial role in preventing the most significant problems. Dehumanisation is a real threat to the contemporary man. By means of analysing historical conditions for creating the term ‚Bildung’, in particular in Germany, I draw attention to how this idea could possibly be an alternative to the modern man.Technological progress and achievements are fundamental to social and economic progress. On the other hand however, they pose a threat to men, who fail to keep abreast of the pace and the results of the changes that take place. Science and education play therefore a crucial role in preventing the most significant problems. Dehumanisation is a real threat to the contemporary man. By means of analysing historical conditions for creating the term ‚Bildung’, in particular in Germany, I draw attention to how this idea could possibly be an alternative to the modern man
Człowiek bez ojczyzny – powtórzona lektura „Listu o humanizmie” Heideggera
Full text linkThe article is an attempt to read the Letter of humanism in the light of the project Beyng. First of all I say that the figure of Da-sein is crucial for understanding the Letter. My considerations focus in particular on the position which a man occupies in the structure of Da-sein. I show that there is an analogybetween this structure and the considerations of the Letter. I say also that this letter made transposition of the term „humanism” into the other beginning. The project of humanism, which emerges from this text does not coincide neither with today’s varieties of humanism, nor the post-humanism, because both of these forms of thought are inscribed in metaphysics. In this context „no homeland” of which Heidegger says in the Letter, takes on special significance,which I wanted to show.The article is an attempt to read the Letter of humanismin the light of the project Beyng. First of all I say that the figure of Da-sein is crucial for understanding the Letter. My considerations focus in particular on the position which a man occupies in the structure of Da-sein. I show that there is an analogy between this structure and the considerations of the Letter. I say also that this letter made transposition of the term „humanism” into the other beginning. The project of humanism, which emerges from this text does not coincide neither with today’s varieties of humanism, nor the post-humanism, because both of these forms of thought are inscribed in metaphysics. In this context „no homeland” of which Heidegger says in the Letter, takes on special significance, which I wanted to show
Levinas, Derrida i eschatoteleologia człowieka
Full text linkThis paper presents critics of teleological unity of western philosophy developed by Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. One of the key elements of maintained critics is an attempt to redefine western concept of human being which is based on transcendental analyses. The article has two aims. The first isto show that presented by Derrida and Levinas concept of the Other which transcend teleological paradigm has to be formulated insid this paradigm. Philosophies of the Other are then not negative but rather affirmative critics of western philosophy. The second aim is to show that project of overcome the ontological pole of hu an’s temporal unity can be interpreted as the critic of critic.This paper presents critics of teleological unity of western philosophy developed by Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. One of the key elements of maintained critics is an attempt to redefine western concept of human being which is based on transcendental analyses. The article has two aims. The first isto show that presented by Derrida and Levinas concept of the Other which transcend teleological paradigm has to be formulated insid this paradigm. Philosophies of the Other are then not negative but rather affirmative critics of western philosophy. The second aim is to show that project of overcome the ontological poleof hu an’s temporal unity can be interpreted as the critic of critic
Instynkt – naśladownictwo – myślenie. Jak się uczą zwierzęta
Full text linkIn the article one considered bases of keeping himself animals in different living standards – during the care over young, in the play, on hunting and at dissolving more difficult problems. One underlined that the conviction about directing himself reflexes and „an instinct”, in the light of many present observations hadappeared inadequate. Animals learn across the imitation and the observation of behaviour both representatives of their own sort as and other sort, eg. the man, and the trial method and errors – „the concrete thinking”. Observations show that there, where this is inadequate to dissolving of the problem, try to keep impromptu logical, similarly if this was made by the man, thinking abstractly. The statement so that with the thought and have the consciousness is not groundless anthropomorphism.In the article one considered bases of keeping himself animals in different living standards – during the care over young, in the play, on hunting and at dissolving more difficult problems. One underlined that the conviction about directing himself reflexes and „an instinct”, in the light of many present observations hadappeared inadequate. Animals learn across the imitation and the observation of behaviour both representatives of their own sort as and other sort, eg. the man, and the trial method and errors – „the concrete thinking”. Observations show that there, where this is inadequate to dissolving of the problem, try to keep impromptu logical, similarly if this was made by the man, thinking abstractly. The statement so that with the thought and have the consciousness is not groundless anthropomorphism