Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
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Nurse’s Experiences of Challenges in Person-centred Care for Multimorbid Patients in Inpatient Care : A general literature study
No full textBakgrund: En globalt åldrande befolkning och ett ökat antal kroniska sjukdomar gör multisjuklighet till ett växande problem. Slutenvården erbjuder avancerad akutsjukvård utformad för att behandla specifika sjukdomstillstånd. Omvårdnaden kring multisjuklighet är komplex där polyfarmaci och vårdplanering utgör centrala delar. Multisjuka patienter upplever ofta brister i samordning och kommunikation då omvårdnaden inte blir personcentrerad. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av utmaningar i utförandet av personcentrerad vård med multisjuka patienter inom slutenvården. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med abduktiv ansats, där nio artiklar kodades och underkategorier skapades vilka sorterades utifrån McCormack och McCances teoretiska ramverk för personcentrerad vård. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra kategorier med tillhörande underkategorier: makrosammanhang inklusive fragmenterad vård och tidsbrist, förutsättningar inklusive kunskapsbrist och emotionella påfrestningar, vårdmiljön inklusive resursbrist och bristande teamsamarbete, personcentrerade processer inklusive komplexiteten hos multisjuka patienter, hinder i vårdrelationer och en komplex vårdplanering. Konklusion: Slutenvårdens akuta och sjukdomsinriktade utformning resulterar i stora utmaningar för sjuksköterskor i utförandet av personcentrerad och helhetsinriktad vård. En personcentrerad vård har stor betydelse vid multisjuklighet där vårdbehovet är komplext, vilket medför betydande utmaningar i omvårdnaden. Sjuksköterskor upplever emotionella påfrestningar i form av höga förväntningar samt tids- och resursbrist, vilket i sin tur påverkar vårdrelationen negativt.Background: An aging population and an increasing number of chronic diseases make multimorbidity a growing problem. Inpatient care provides advanced acute care designed to treat specific conditions. Caring for multimorbid patients is complex, with polypharmacy and healthcare planning being central aspects. Multimorbid patients can experience lack of coordination and communication resulting in nursing that is not personcentred. Aim: The aim was to highlight nurses’ experiences of challenges in providing person-centred care with multimorbid patients in inpatient care. Method: A general literature review with an abductive approach, where nine articles were coded, subcategories were created and sorted based on McCormack and McCance’s theoretical framework for person-centred care. Results: The findings are presented in four categories with associated subcategories: macro context including fragmented care and lack of time, prerequisites including lack of knowledge and emotional strain, the care environment including resource shortages and lack of team collaboration, person-centred processes including the complexity of multimorbid patients, obstacles in the care relationship and a complex care planning. Conclusion: The acute and disease-oriented design of inpatient care results in significant challenges for nurses to deliver person-centred and holistic care. Person-centred care is particularly important in cases of multimorbidity where the care needs are complex, posing substantial challenges in nursing. Nurses experience emotional strain due to high expectations, time constraints and resource shortages, which negatively impacts the care relationship
Patients’ experiences of living with leukemia : A general literature study
No full textBakgrund: Leukemi är en blodsjukdom som påverkar den röda benmärgen. Sjukdomen ger upphov till flera varierande symtom men de allra flesta patienterna är asymtomatiska och sjukdomen upptäcks i samband med rutinmässiga blodprover. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa patienters erfarenheter av att leva med leukemi. Metod: Litteraturstudien genomfördes med en induktiv ansats och baserades på nio resultatartiklar, åtta kvalitativa artiklar och en kvantitativ artikel. Resultat: Resultatet utformade fyra kategorier som belyste patienters erfarenheter av att leva med leukemi: (1) Emotionella reaktioner efter diagnosbesked, (2) Brådskande behandling, (3) Att finna sig till rätta i den nya tillvaron, och (4) Behov av socialt stöd. Konklusion: Variation i skildringar av att leva med leukemi förekommer bland patienterna. Centrala erfarenheter var en känsla av förlorad kontroll, försämrad autonomi, en otillräcklig hälsolitteracitet och ett behov av socialt stöd. Studien ger ökad kunskap om patienters erfarenheter av att leva med leukemi samt behov, vilket kan underlätta sjuksköterskans personcentrerande vårdande. Background: Leukemia is a blood disease that affects the red bone marrow. The disease can cause varying symptoms, but the vast majority of patients are asymptomatic and the disease is discovered during routine blood tests, Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients experiences of living with leukemia. Method: The literature study was conducted with an inductive approach and was based on nine articles, eight qualitative articles and one quantitative article. Result: The result formulated four categories that highlighted patients ‘experiences of living with leukemia: (1) Emotional reactions after diagnosis, (2) Urgent treatment, (3) Settling into a new life, and (4) Need for social support. Conclusion: Variations in experiences of living with leukemia occur among patients. Central experiences were a sense of loss of control, impaired autonomy, insufficient health literacy and a need for social support. This study provides increased knowledge about patients’ experiences of living with leukemia and their needs, which can facilitate the nurse’s person-centered care
Implementation of innovations and legitimacy judgments in Haute Cuisine from the Michelin-starred chefs’ perspective
No full textToday, Haute Cuisine chefs not only create dishes but also initiate and lead cuisine movements and contribute tosocial systems with their innovative actions. Using an alternative theoretical lens (legitimacy-as-perception) toelaborate on the socio-cognitive aspects of innovations in the Haute Cuisine context might be helpful as it explainsthe mechanism considering cross-level legitimacy judgments. Thus, the aim of this paper is to elaborate onhow the implementation of innovations change individual legitimacy judgments and behaviors (RQ1) andcontribute to the aggregation of macro-level legitimacy judgments (RQ2). This study builds a theoretical modelby identifying examples via 20 interviews with Michelin-starred chefs. Our theoretical model presents two maindimensions, reinterpretation and dining experience, and five underlying mechanisms, recombination, differentiationof the traditional concept, transformation of reputation, execution of soft innovation, and focusing on multidimensionality,that provide an extensive rationale for micro and macro-level associations. © 2025 The Author
Women's experiences of having a urinary tract infection : A general literature review
No full textBakgrund: Urinvägsinfektion (UVI) är en vanligt förekommande bakteriell infektion som främst drabbar kvinnor. Symtomen har visat sig ha en negativ inverkan på livskvaliteten där kvinnor kan uppleva minskat fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt välbefinnande. Brister hos vården bidrar till att kvinnor lider i det tysta och en stigmatisering kring infektionen skapar ökat lidande. Genom sjuksköterskans förståelse för kvinnors upplevelse kan ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt utvecklas och relevanta stödinsatser synliggöras. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av att ha urinvägsinfektion. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats som baserats på nio vetenskapliga artiklar varav alla var kvalitativa. Artiklarna granskades och analyserades för att framställa studiens resultat. Resultat: Studiens resultat bildade tre kategorier (1) Utmaningar i dagligt liv (2) Förändringar i sociala sammanhang (3) Inverkan på sexuell hälsa. Konklusion: Resultatet i litteraturstudien kan bidra till ökad förståelse för infektionens inverkan på kvinnors dagliga liv, sociala sammanhang och sexuella hälsa. Ökad kunskap och förståelse kan bidra till ett förbättrat stöd och utveckling av evidensbaserade egenvårdsstrategier. För att minska stigmatisering och lidande behöver sjuksköterskan initiera samtal om UVI och möta varje individ utifrån unika behov.Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that primarily affects women. Symptoms negatively impact quality of life and may reduce physical, psychological, and social well-being. Shortcomings in healthcare contribute to silent suffering, and stigma surrounding the condition increases distress. A better understanding of women’s experiences can support the development of a person-centred approach and make appropriate support more visible. Aim: To highlight women’s experiences of having a urinary tract infection. Method: A general literature review with an inductive approach based on nine qualitative scientific articles. The articles were reviewed and analysed to generate the findings. Results: Three main categories emerged: (1) Challenges in daily life, (2) Changes in social contexts, and (3) Impact on sexual health. Women described a wide range of symptoms that affected sleep, work, and daily activities. UTI also influenced intimate relationships and led to social withdrawal, partly due to stigma. Women expressed a need for understanding and support in healthcare encounters. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for increased awareness of UTI’s impact on women’s lives. Nurses should initiate conversations about the condition and respond to individual needs. More knowledge can strengthen support and contribute to the development of evidence-based self-care strategies
En inkluderande utbildning för alla barn : Förskollärares arbete med att skapa en inkluderande miljö där alla barns behov beaktas
No full textDenna studie syftar till att undersöka och bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärare samtalar om arbetet med att inkludera alla barn, med särskilt fokus på att tillgodose barns individuella behov. Följande frågeställning har legat till grund för undersökningen: Vad samtalar förskollärare om i arbetet med inkludering? En kvalitativ metod har använts för att få en fördjupad förståelse för förskollärares tankar och erfarenheter om arbetet med inkludering genom fokusgruppsdiskussioner. Empirin har analyserats genom tematisk analys i relation till dilemmaperspektivet och begreppet inkludering. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna har en tydlig förståelse för vad inkludering innebär och betonar vikten av att se varje barn för att skapa de bästa förutsättningarna för inkludering utifrån barnens individuella förutsättningar. Vidare visar resultatet att förskollärarna använder olika tillvägagångssätt för att synliggöra arbetet med inkludering i praktiken. Studien identifierar även organisatoriska och praktiska utmaningar som kan påverka ett framgångsrikt arbete med inkludering samt hur förskollärarna hanterar och övervinner dessa olika utmaningar. This study aims to investigate and contribute knowledge of how preschool teachers discuss their work of including all children, with a particular focus on meeting children's individual needs. The following question guided the study: What do preschool teachers discuss regarding their work with inclusion? A qualitative method was used to gain a deeper understanding of preschool teachers' thoughts and experiences regarding their work with inclusion through focus group discussions. The study was analyzed through thematic analysis in relation to the dilemma perspective and the concept of inclusion. The results indicate that preschool teachers have a clear understanding of what inclusion means. They emphasize the importance of recognizing each child to create optimal conditions for inclusion based on their individual needs. The results also indicate that preschool teachers use various approaches to implement inclusion in everyday activities. The study also identifies organizational and practical challenges that may affect the successful implementation of inclusion and how preschool teachers manage and overcome these challenges.
Nyhetsundvikande bland unga vuxna i Sverige : En kvalitativ studie om hur informationsöverflöd, bristande förtroende och nyhetsundvikande påverkar ungas demokratiska deltagande
No full textThis bachelor’s thesis investigates the phenomenon of news avoidance among young adults in Sweden, with a specific focus on how information overload, media distrust, and negative news content influence democratic participation. Using the OMA model (Opportunity, Motivation, Ability) as an analytical framework and drawing on qualitative interviews with eight respondents aged 20–30, the study explores the individual reasons behind both intentional and unintentional news avoidance. The findings reveal that many young adults deliberately disengage from news to protect their mental well-being, while others avoid it passively due to structural changes in the digital media environment. Key themes include a perceived irrelevance of news, skepticism toward media credibility, and emotional fatigue caused by persistently negative reporting. Many participants instead rely on alternative platforms such as social media and YouTube for information, raising concerns about selective exposure and potential echo chambers. By applying the OMA model, the study demonstrates how external conditions, personal motivation, and cognitive resources shape media consumption habits. A notable insight is that several respondents had never reflected on their relationship with news, suggesting a lack of media awareness that may further distance them from civic engagement. The thesis contributes to media and communication research by providing a nuanced, empirically grounded account of how young Swedes navigate an overwhelming news landscape. It also underlines the democratic risks of increasing news avoidance and suggests that improved media literacy and more inclusive news formats could foster greater re-engagement
Time-Series Healthcare Data Imputation using Deep Learning
No full textThis case study’s primary objective was to examine how different models, especially deep learning models, are able to reconstruct missing data from a healthcare dataset at various missingness levels. Three traditional methods and four deep learning models were evaluated on the PhysioNet 2012 ICU dataset, with generated missingness levels of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 80%. Three error metrics were used to evaluate imputation performance: Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, and Mean Relative Error, along with runtime efficiency. Additionally, the best-performing model’s imputed dataset was used in a downstream classification task to examine how imputation accuracy affects classification performance. A Random Forest classifier was used to predict patient mortality and was evaluated using accuracy, ROC AUC, and F1 macro score. The results showed that GRIN achieved the lowest imputation error across all metrics and missingness levels, outperforming traditional and established time-series imputation models. However, GRIN’s high imputation performance did not translate into higher classification accuracy compared to the original dataset with mean imputation. This suggests that although an imputation model can reconstruct missing data effectively, it does not necessarily lead to better predictive performance, because the model may overfit to patterns in the training data that do not align with the features relevant for the classification task, or because the imputed values may introduce biases that affect the downstream model’s decision boundaries.Denna uppsats primära mål var att undersöka hur olika modeller, särskilt djupinlärningsmodeller, kan rekonstruera saknade data från ett sjukvårdsdataset vid olika nivåer av saknad data. Tre traditionella metoder och fyra djupinlärningsbaserade metoder testades på PhysioNet 2012 ICU-datasetet, med simulerade nivåer av saknade data på 10%, 30%, 50% och 80%. Tre felmått användes för att utvärdera imputationsprestanda: medelabsolutfel, medelkvadratfel och medelrelativt fel, samt även körtidseffektivitet. Dessutom användes den bäst presterande modellens imputerade dataset i en efterföljande klassificeringsuppgift för att undersöka hur imputationsnoggrannhet påverkar klassificeringsprestanda. En Random Forest-klassificerare användes för att förutsäga patientdödlighet och utvärderades med hjälp av träffsäkerhet, ROC AUC och F1-makrovärde. Resultaten visade att GRIN uppnådde det lägsta imputationsfelet över alla mått och nivåer av saknad data, och överträffade både traditionella och etablerade tidsseriebaserade imputationsmodeller. Däremot resulterade GRIN:s höga imputationsprestanda inte i högre klassificeringsnoggrannhet jämfört med den ursprungliga datamängden med medelvärdesimputering. Slutsatsen är att även om en imputationsmodell kan rekonstruera saknade data effektivt, leder detta inte nödvändigtvis till bättre prediktiv prestanda. Detta kan bero på att modellen överanpassar till mönster i träningsdatan som inte överensstämmer med de mest relevanta egenskaperna för klassificeringsuppgiften, eller att de imputerade värdena introducerar skevheter som påverkar klassificeringsmodellens beslut
Imbalance Data and Transfer Learning in Music Genre Classification
No full textThis project investigates the performance and effects of varying degrees of data imbalanceand the role of transfer learning in music genre classification (MGC), using a relativelysmall, imbalanced music dataset labeled by domain experts. We refine the prominent deeplearning model Audio Spectrogram Transformer (AST), under these constraints. Our re-sults show that the refined model performs exceptionally well in the task of MGC, outper-forming results of previous studies. Notably, we observe that different levels of class im-balance have minimal effect on performance, contrasting previous research based on non-transformer models, which reports improvements of minority class predictions throughbalancing techniques. These findings suggest that refining a pre-trained AST model onsmall and imbalanced datasets, can still yield prominent results. Furthermore, we sug-gest that there exists indications that the AST model may be suitable as a foundationalmodel for a broader range of music and audio related tasks, both in research and practicalapplications
Recent Developments and Emerging Trends in Automotive Digital Forensics
No full textThe automotive industry is increasingly facing growing cybersecurity challenges as vehicles become more connected and autonomous. Modern cars equipped with sophisticated electronic systems are becoming more susceptible to cyber threats. Enhancing detection and forensic capabilities within automotive systems is essential for mitigating these risks. This work builds upon and extends a previous systematic literature review of automotive digital forensics, covering 2006 to early 2021. However, recent advancements in the field have introduced new challenges and opportunities, particularly in light of an evolving, dynamic threat landscape and growing vehicle complexity. These developments have driven numerous advancements, particularly in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain technologies. In response, we review the latest state-of-the-art developments from 2021 to 2025, addressing critical challenges and technical solutions to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape and its implications for both researchers and practitioners. By categorizing and comparing these advancements with prior research, we highlight key trends and innovations, analyze security concerns, and ultimately offer valuable insights into future research directions and emerging trends
Artificiell intelligens inom revisionsyrket : En kvalitativ studie om möjligheter och utmaningar med digitalisering av revisionsyrket.
No full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate how the use of artificial intelligence (AI) affects audit work, as well as how authorized auditors adapt to the changes that the technology brings. The focus is on the auditors’ experiences of the opportunities and challenges that AI entails for the profession. The study is based on an abductive research approach and is grounded in four theoretical frameworks: Task-Technology Fit (TTF), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), and Job Demands-Resources (JD-R). Data collection has been carried out through qualitative, semi-structured interviews with eight authorized auditors active in Sweden. The results show that AI contributes to increased efficiency through automation of repetitive and data-driven tasks. This frees up time for more qualified tasks, such as advisory services, analysis, and professional assessments. At the same time, several challenges are identified, including the need for continuous competence development, technological uncertainty, and changes in the auditors’ professional role. A clear observation is that the application of AI in auditing occurs at different speeds depending on the size of the firm, larger firms often develop their own solutions, while smaller ones tend to rely on external tools. The conclusion of the study is that AI is perceived as a complement rather than a replacement for human judgment. The technology creates both opportunities and demands for new competencies. The auditor’s role is gradually evolving towards more analysis and advisory services