Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
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Seasonal Dynamics of Brownification Mitigation in Constructed Wetlands
No full textIncreasing total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations concurrent with a darkening in water colour in boreal freshwaters is called brownification. This can affect crucial ecosystem services. Our study investigated constructed wetland optimisation regarding depth and water residence time (WRT) during different seasons to remedy dark water colour and high TOC concentrations, while retaining nitrogen removal. We conducted eleven-day experiments with deep-brown, shallow-brown and shallow-control treatments, in June and November 2023, using 18 small constructed wetlands at an experimental wetland area in southern Sweden. At the beginning of both experiments, the flow through the wetlands was halted and extracted peat was added to the brown treatments, to increase absorbance and TOC concentrations. Thereafter, changes in absorbance, TOC concentration and total nitrogen (TN) concentration were measured. A maximum TOC reduction of 25% was reached with a WRT of two days in summer and one day in autumn. A maximum absorbance reduction of 40% and 65% was reached with a WRT of one day in summer and two days in autumn, respectively. TN removal was not affected by TOC addition. We conclude that constructed wetlands increase water clarity and boost carbon degradation if their WRT, especially during summer, is sufficiently short. If WRT exceeds two to three days in summer, internal carbon production together with low oxygen levels and increased iron (Fe) mobilization, may instead increase downstream brownification. Our study shows that wetlands with a depth of 0.6 m and a short WRT of one to two days may mitigate the effects of brownification. © The Author(s) 202
The myth of middle-class proletarianisation : Defining and examining class in Sweden from a neo-Marxist perspective
No full textSince the 2007–2008 financial crisis, it has been suggested that the middle class is undergoing proletarianisation, with stagnant wages and reduced work autonomy making their conditions more like those of the working class. However, there is no consensus on whether this shift has occurred or on how to define the two classes. This article proposes a class concept rooted in value domination, which compels individuals to the market for survival. While both classes depend on the market, the middle class is defined by their greater individual market power and a labour power with higher value, resulting in higher wages and better working conditions. Using this definition, the proletarianisation thesis is examined in Sweden. Findings indicate a widening wage gap, with middle class wages diverging from those of the working class, and no significant reduction in middle class autonomy relative to the working class. These results suggest that proletarianisation has not occurred, and class distinctions have, in fact, intensified. © The Author(s) 2025
Capturing Remote Online Teaching Practices within Swedish as a Second Language Context through the Lens of TPACK
No full textThis article investigates the adoption of remote teaching practices within Swedish as a second language courses in adult education, with a focus on teachers´ experiences during and after emergency transition to remote teaching. With the aim of understanding how teachers adopt and adapt remote teaching practices, semi-structured interviews with six in-service teachers from governmental adult education schools in Sweden were carried out. Interviews were deductively analysed based on the knowledge components in the TPACK framework (Mishra & Koehler, 2006) to provide a comprehensive understanding of how teachers use their technological, pedagogical and content knowledge to facilitate a remote learning environment for language skill development. Findings reveal the complexities of remote teaching adoption in second language context. Yet, personalised teaching practice, adaptive feedback practices, and digital platforms for assessment and course content design, appear to be valuable to enhance remote teaching sessions. Additionally, contextual factors that shape teachers' remote teaching practice were identified highlighting the interplay between context levels. The findings broadly contribute to the wider conversations in technology-based teaching practices and inform enhancing remote teaching practice for second language teaching. © 2025 Author(s)
En kvalitativ studie om hur kriminalvårdare påverkas av sin yrkesroll
No full textDenna studie syftar till att undersöka hur kriminalvårdare påverkas av sin yrkesroll samt attutforska hur de använder känslor och konsekvenser i sitt arbete. Som kriminalvårdare på enanstalt möter du dagliga utmaningar i din arbetsmiljö som kan ha en inverkan på ditt privatliv.Studien tillämpar teorier om emotionellt arbete, dramaturgisk lojalitet och rollframträdanden föratt ge en djupare förståelse.Jag använde en kvalitativ metod och genomförde intervjuer med fyra kriminalvårdare, där deförst fick besvara frågor om sin yrkesroll och därefter om känslohantering på arbetsplatsen.Denna metod gör det möjligt att få insikt i hur de hanterar krävande situationer och hur deinteragerar med de intagna.Slutsatserna visade att yrket som kriminalvårdare ställer höga emotionella krav och att de somhar daglig kontakt med intagna löper en ökad risk för utbrändhet och lägre arbetstillfredsställelse.This study aims to examine how prison officers are affected by their professional role and toexplore how they use emotions and consequences in their work. As a prison officer in acorrectional facility, you encounter daily challenges in your workplace that may impact yourpersonal life. The study applies theories on emotional labor, dramaturgical loyalty, andperformances to provide an understanding.I used a qualitative method, conducting interviews with four prison officers who first answeredquestions about their professional role and then about emotions in the workplace. This approachallows us to understand how they manage demanding situations and how they interact with theinmates.The conclusions showed that the role of a prison officer places high emotional demands and thatofficers who have daily contact with inmates are at risk of burnout and lower job satisfaction
AI and academic integrity: The impact of reliance on AI-based text generation tools in Swedish universities : A qualitative study of academic perspectives on AI
No full textThe growing use of AI-based text generation tools such as ChatGPT is reshaping academic practices and raising new questions about academic integrity. As higher education institutions grapple with policy, pedagogy, and ethical boundaries, students and teachers are left navigating unclear expectations. This thesis explores how Swedish university students and teachers perceive generative AI's impact on academic integrity, particularly concerning plagiarism and responsible use. A targeted concept-centric literature review was conducted to map existing research on AI in education, academic ethics, and evolving pedagogical responses. The findings reveal conflicting perspectives, conceptual ambiguity, and a lack of empirical insight into how academic communities engage with these tools. The thesis applies a qualitative research design to address this gap, using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with students and teachers across disciplines. Thematic analysis identifies six themes: informal norms, ethical uncertainty, and shifting perceptions of authorship. The findings show how academic norms are being renegotiated in practice and may support the development of clearer institutional strategies and ethical frameworks for AI use in higher education
Designing Multi-Source Citation in Generative AI : Enhancing UX and Transparency in Generative AI
No full textGenerative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has recently seen unprecedented growth andevolution. Enabling it to produce human like media unlike any other AI. These recent advancements havepropelled GenAI into mainstream adoption across a myriad of different domains. This has led to concernsbeing raised regarding the transparency, bias and misinformation of such services. And has thus, spurreda plethora of research into how to combat the biases within GenAI that reflects and perpetuates societalprejudice. However, existing approaches are largely technical and thus neglect the sociotechnicaldimension. Design Science Research does however provide a viable way to approach the context from asociotechnical perspective as it focuses on a user centred perspective. This study explores how multisource citation, a well-established method for enhancing credibility and transparency, can beimplemented into GenAI to improve transparency and the user experience. By leveraging DSR, this studyaims to develop deep insights into how multi-source citations should be designed into GenAI according tothe end users. Addressing the sociotechnical gap in GenAI research
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RECYCLING RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN ADVANCED MANUFACTURING
No full textIn advance manufacturing, the Rare Earth Element application has increased with time. The study has focused on the extraction and recycling method of the critical material by mitigating sustainability challenges. It investigates the potential of an innovative recycling method called hydrometallurgy and focuses on chemical separation stages. The study refers to multiple stages of acid leaching tests and optimises REE extraction that can also mitigate environmental impact. The recycling of REE can control the waste management of electronic gadgets and manage carbon footprint. The main focus of the study is to recycle critical materials and implement them in advanced manufacturing processes. It collects multiple data by maintaining a triangular research method. It is the research strategy of the qualitative research method to get hypothetical data by analysing several studies. The researcher gathered theoretical information from Google Scholar, scientific articles, scientific websites, journals, books and ProQuest. In the result section, reviewing the secondary data and decided that the leaching test of hydrometallurgy is the most efficient method to extract REEs. However, this process has some inherent limitations. Besides this it is cost effective and has less environmental impact. Key words: Rare Earth Elements (REE), Rare Earth Oxide (REO), Recycling, Advanced Manufacturing, Electronic Waste (E-waste), Hydrometallurgy, Acid Leaching, Green Technology, Supply Chain Resilience, Sustainable Production, Separation Techniques, Secondary Resources, Industrial By-products,
Smart Kamera för Kvalitetskontroll av Rangebollar
No full textThis project explores how quality control of golf balls can be automated using machine learning models. The purpose of automating this is to contribute to both a better environment and an improved playing experience. The models that have been trained and tested include CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors), SVM (Support Vector Machine), and ViT (Vision Transformer). Experiments have also been conducted to isolate golf balls in order to simplify the classification task. In these experiments, YOLO (You Only Look Once), Mask R-CNN (Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network), and ViT were tested. The results are not perfect, but the accuracy exceeded 50%. The conclusion is that more data is required to effectively train machine learning models than 1600 high quality images of 66 different unevenly distributed golfballs.Detta projekt går in på hur kvalitetskontroll av golfbollar kan automatiseras med hjälp av maskininlärningsmodeller, detta vill automatiseras då det kan bidra till en bättre miljö och spelupplevelse. De modeller som har tränats och prövats är CNN (Faltningsneuralnätverk), KNN (K-närmsta grannar), SVM (Stödvektormaskin) och ViT (Visiontransformator). Experiment gällande isolering av golfbollar för att förenkla problemet för klassificeringen har också skett, då har YOLO (Tittar Bara En Gång), Mask R-CNN (Mask regionbaserat faltningsneuralnätverk) och ViT testats. Resultaten är inte perfekta men noggranheten nådde över 50%. Slutsatsen är att det krävs mer data för att träna maskininlärningsmodeller än 1600 bilder av hög kvalitet på 66 olika ojämnt fördelade golfbollar
Drone versus Manual Water Quality Assessment : A Comparative Study in Rural and Urban Retention Basins
No full textWater is an indispensable natural resource essential for the existence of all living organisms, and it acts as the basic building block of all ecosystem services and human activities. Nevertheless, the surface water quality has been impaired by urbanization, climate change, and intensive agricultural practices. We compare traditional water quality monitoring with drone-based water quality analysis. For this study, we considered two retention basins in Sweden (Halmstad region), one in an urban environment and the other in a rural area, and selected six sampling points in each basin and analyzed nitrate, nitrite, conductivity, temperature, pH, TOC, TN, and phosphate. When comparing manual and drone sensor readings, conductivity and temperature were higher in manual measurement, whereas nitrate had a higher reading in drone sensor measurement; however, pH was comparatively similar in all types of readings. While comparing the two sampling methods, nitrate and TOC show significant differences; thus, nitrite, phosphate, and TN show no significant differences. Through this study, we investigated how those hydrological conditions affect water quality. If drone technology becomes more advanced in the future, it should be an alternative technique to conventional water quality analysis