Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
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Magic, Language and Power : A comparative analysis of A Wizard of Earthsea and Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
No full textThis study analyses the connection between magic, the magical languages and concepts of power in Ursula K. Le Guin's A Wizard of Earthsea and J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. It examines the construct and role of magical language in the makeup of magical power and explores how magical usage can be seen as communication in the semiotic system of magic performance and as speech acts. Further, it examines concepts of power and knowledge using Foucault's theories of the power/knowledge duality, analysing power relations in the magical worlds. The analysis reveals that in Earthsea, magical language is at the core of magical powers and functions as direct speech acts, while in Harry Potter, magical language represents only one part of the magical powers, and more than speech is required to achieve an act. The study highlights the dependency of magical effectiveness on correct linguistic elements, with precise pronunciation and intonation being crucial in Harry Potter and true names essential in Earthsea. Additionally, the research shows how institutionalised magical knowledge creates imbalances in power relations, linking magical and social power to education. Furthermore, it demonstrates that power manifests as both magical abilities and social influence, with the exercise of magical power creating new truths and influencing perceptions of reality. By integrating insights from literary studies, linguistics, and cultural studies, this research elucidates the complex interplay between power, knowledge, and language in fantasy fiction, contributing to a broader understanding of power relations in both fictional and real-world contexts
Unpacking the Complexity of Value Creation in Charging Mobility Ecosystems
No full textThe ongoing transition towards electric vehicle (EV) mobility creates a need for charging that drives the development of mobility ecosystems for charging, introducing new actors and a new value creation process. We know little about how value is created and captured in charging mobility ecosystems. The complexity of relations between actors needs to be explained. We therefore ask: What characterizes the value creation process for charging in mobility ecosystems? The study builds on qualitative interviews with different actors in the mobility ecosystem to identify the role of actors in the value creation process for charging. We identify eight value sources and discuss their role for value creation and value realization. In addition, we identify four types of resource combinations in the orchestration of value creation in charging mobility ecosystems
Lindra smärta med mer än läkemedel: Sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av förutsättningar för icke-farmakologisk omvårdnad : - En allmän litteraturstudie
No full textBakgrund: Smärta är ett vanligt och komplext vårdproblem som påverkar individ och samhälle. Smärta är en upplevelse som sträcker sig förbi den fysiska kroppen. Den farmakologiska behandlingen av smärta är tidseffektiv men medför risk för biverkningar. En multimodal behandlingsstrategi som kombinerar farmakologiska och icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder kan minska läkemedelsanvändningen, lindra smärta och främja personcentrerad omvårdnad. Sjuksköterskan har ett centralt ansvar att säkerställa en god omvårdnad, vilket gör sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av smärtlindring av särskilt intresse. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av förutsättningar att lindra smärta med icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. Studien inkluderar tio resultatartiklar som genomgått systematisk innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades; Begränsade kunskaper och bristande utbildningsmöjligheter som hinder för icke-farmakologisksmärtlindring, Begränsade resurser i vårdmiljön som hinder för ickefarmakologisk smärtlindring, Den vårdande relationen som förutsättning för icke-farmakologisk smärtlindring och Samverkan i vårdteamet som förutsättning för icke-farmakologisk smärtlindring. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor upplevde att brist på utbildning och kunskap, samt brist på tid, personal och utrustning utgjorde hinder för tillämpning av icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder vid smärta. Medan förutsättningar var en vårdande relation till patienten samt en fungerade teamsamverkan över professionsgränserna.Background: Pain is a health care problem that affects the individual and society as a whole. Pain is a complex experience that extends beyond the physical body. Pharmacological treatment of pain is often the most time efficient, but has side effects. A multimodal treatment strategy involves addressing pain through a combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological nursing interventions. By integrating these approaches, medication use can be reduced, the pain alleviated and person-centered care maintained. The nurse plays a central role in ensuring that this nursing care is effective. Therefore, the nurses’ experiences are of importance to study. Aim: To shed light on nurses experiences on prerequisites to ease pain with non-pharmacological nursing interventions. Method: A general literature review with an inductive approach. The study includes ten scientific articles that went through systematic content analysis. Result: Four categories were identified: 1) Limited knowledge and lack of educational opportunities as a barrier to non-pharmacological pain relief, 2) Limited resources in the care setting as a barrier to non-pharmacological pain relief, 3) The therapeutic relationship as a facilitator to non-pharmacological pain relief and 4) Interprofessional collaboration in the healthcare team as a facilitator to non-pharmacological pain relief. Conclusion: Nurses experienced that the barriers for providing non-pharmacological nursing interventions to alleviate pain were lack of access to education and knowledge and lack of adequate resources; time, sufficient staffing and equipment. Facilitators were the ability to establish a caring relationship with the patient as well as effective interprofessional collaboration in the healthcare team
Impact of Sharding on Smart Contract Security in Blockchains
No full textModern demand for blockchain scaling demanded the developmentof sharding as a viable solution that facilitates parallel processingwhile supporting cross-shard communications. The implementation ofsharding provides excellent scalability to decentralized systems, but itentails enormous complexities in maintaining integrity of smart contracts across different shards. This study analyzes pivotal deploymentslike Ethereum 2.0, NEAR protocol, and Polkadot. This innovationidentifies vulnerabilities on atomicity, consistency, and validator security when executing decentralized applications (dApps). This researchreviews contemporary literature and emerging technologies to identifykey security risks such as replay attacks, shard takeover, and data unavailability events. Various methodologies for reducing vulnerabilities,including atomic commit protocols, dynamic validator assignment,zk-SNARKs, and SP-Chain architecture, are assessed in this report.This study evaluates the implementation of an Escrow smart contract that utilizes Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Proofof-Stake (PoS) coordination protocols through evaluation tests. Thisresearch work analyzes code using both static and dynamic methods to detect security weaknesses in contracts and then recommendssolutions that enhance the robustness of these contracts.The intelligent contract is tested for performance in single-shardmode as well as cross-shard operations. It experiences quick responsetimes and effective data processing with single-shard execution butfaces latency, receipt verification issues, and synchronization difficulties with cross- shard operations. This study findings are that organizations require more effective systems for communication of databetween shards. This research suggests future improvement throughthe addition of zero-knowledge proofs, dynamic re-sharding procedures, and decentralized arbitration secure and scalable smart contractdeployment methods. The proposed solution is applicable to use casessuch as freelancing, crowdfunding, and supply chain processes, withdemonstrations using real-life examples.As a result of the comprehensive assessment, improved safe smartcontract frameworks for next generation blockchain systems are developed, making it easier to implement decentralized applications widelyin scale network contexts
AI drivna kameror för säkrare arbetsmiljöer i byggbranschen : Implementering och utmaningar vid användning av AI-drivna kameror för arbetsmiljösäkerhet i byggsektorn
No full textThe construction industry is among the sectors with the highest incidence of workplace accidents, often due to dynamic and hazardous working conditions. Traditional safety measures, though regulated, are insufficient to prevent many of these incidents. This study investigates the implementation and challenges of AI-driven camera systems to enhance occupational safety at construction sites. Through a combination of literature review and semi-structured interviews with professionals from leading construction and technology companies in Sweden, the study explores how AI-enabled real-time surveillance, computer vision, and machine learning can identify risky behaviors and hazardous zones before accidents occur. Key findings reveal that AI systems can significantly improve safety by detecting PPE violations, unsafe proximities, and irregular or unsafe behavioral patterns. However, practical barriers such as system adaptability to changing site conditions, legal compliance with GDPR, and worker acceptance present notable implementation challenges. The study concludes that AI driven cameras have strong potential to shift construction safety from reactive to proactive management, provided that ethical and technical considerations are addressed through transparent integration strategies
Experiences of psychological challenges in people with type 2-diabetes : A general literature review
No full textBakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes är en kronisk sjukdom som påverkar flera delar avindividens hälsa och kräver livsstilsanpassningar för att förebygga komplikationer ochlivskvalitet. Utöver de fysiska konsekvenserna kan sjukdomen även innebära psykiskautmaningar som påverkar det emotionella välbefinnandet och sjukdomshanteringen.Syfte: Att belysa personers erfarenheter av psykiska utmaningar relaterat till typ 2-diabetes. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie med induktivansats. Artiklar söktes systematiskt i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Totaltinkluderades 13 originalartiklar med kvalitativ, kvantitativ och mixad metodansats.Resultat: Psykiska utmaningar vid typ 2 - diabetes uttrycktes i fyra olika kategorier. (1)Krav och kontroll med subkategorierna egenvårdskrav och sjukdomshantering. (2)Emotionell instabilitet följt av subkategorierna stress och depression samt emotionellbelastning av fysiska symtom och begränsningar. (3) Rädsla och oro medsubkategorierna rädsla och oro i nutid följt av rädsla och oro för framtiden. (4) Socialisolering och stigmatisering där subkategorierna var social begränsning samt skuld ochskam. Konklusion: Studien tydliggör vikten av att vården inte enbart fokuserar påsjukdomens fysiska aspekter. Ett ökat fokus på psykiska faktorer kan bidra tillförbättrad sjukdomshantering, livskvalitet och hälsoutfall. Sjuksköterskan har en centralroll i detta arbete genom att främja delaktighet och stärka patientens resurser för attbemöta samtliga individuella utmaningar. Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that affects several aspects of anindividual’s health and requires lifestyle adjustments to prevent complications andmaintain quality of life. In addition to the physical consequences, the disease can alsoinvolve psychological pressure that affects emotional well-being and diseasemanagement. Aim: The aim was to elucidate individuals’ experiences of psychologicalchallenges associated with type 2 diabetes. Method: The study was conducted as ageneral literature review with an inductive approach. Articles were systematicallysearched in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. A total of 13 original articles withqualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods were included. Result: Psychologicalchallenges in type 2-diabetes were identified in four categories: (1) Demands andcontrol with self-care demands and disease management; (2) Emotional instabilityfollowed by stress and depression, also emotional strain from physical symptoms andlimitations; (3) Fear and worry with present concerns and fear of the future; and (4)Social isolation and stigmatization including social limitation as well as guilt andshame. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of not only focusing on thephysical aspects of the disease. Increased attention to psychological factors cancontribute to improved disease management, quality of life, and health outcomes.Nurses have an essential function in this process by promoting patient participation,enhancing individual resources, and ensuring all personal challenges
Patients experiences of life after a stroke : A general literature study
No full textBackground: Stroke is a neurological disorder that can lead to both physical and psychological consequences for the patient. These complications significantly affect the patient´s daily life. Patients may have difficulty expressing their needs and feelings, which can contribute to them being misunderstood. Patients’ experiences are at risk for being overlooked where there is a lack of follow-up after discharge. Symptoms and complications may be hidden and missed by healthcare professionals. Further knowledge is needed about patients’ experiences after a stroke to increase knowledge and understanding from healthcare professionals. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore and highlight patients experiences of life after a stroke. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature review. The results were based on eight articles using a qualitative method and one using a mixed-method. The material was analyzed using Popenoe´s three-step method for content analysis. Results: The result is presented in four different themes: Physical limitations, Emotional vulnerability, Support from relatives, Reevaluation of life. Conclusion: Patients experienced physical limitations in everyday life, which affected rehabilitation. Experiences and feelings of vulnerability emerged as patients became dependent on other people to cope with everyday acitivities. Support from the environment was important for the patients’ recovery. The patients described reevaluation of life as a major part of recovery.
The acute phase of stroke from a patient perspective : A general literature review
No full textBakgrund: Stroke uppstår vid blockering eller otillräcklig blodtillförsel till hjärnan vilket leder till syrebrist och kan medföra fysiska, kognitiva samt kommunikativa funktionsnedsättningar hos patienter som drabbats. Sjuksköterskan har en central roll i att ge personcentrerad och säker omvårdnad under den akuta fasen av en stroke. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa patienters upplevelser vid den akuta fasen av en stroke. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats baserat på nio vetenskapliga artiklar. De nio vetenskapliga artiklarna identifierades i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed samt analyserades enligt en analysguide för att slutligen sammanställas. Resultat: Resultatet beskrev patienters upplevelser i fyra huvudkategorier. Huvudkategorierna är: Akut omhändertagande och information; Förlust av, och strävan efter självständighet; Stöd, kommunikation och relation som grund för trygghet; samt Känslomässiga reaktioner och oro inför framtiden. Konklusion/implikation: Stroke upplevs som en omvälvande period där patienter förlorar sin självständighet. Patienter har ett behov av trygghet och stöd från vårdpersonal samt uttryckte vikten av information och kommunikation. Vårdpersonal behöver tillräcklig kunskap och tidsresurser för att kunna erbjuda kvalitativ och personcentrerad omvårdnad. Background: Stroke occurs when there is a blockage or insufficient blood supply to the brain, which leads to a lack of oxygen and can lead to physical, cognitive and communicative impairments in affected patients. The nurse has a central role in providing person-centered and safe care during the acute phase of a stroke. Aim: The purpose of the study was to shed light on patients' experiences of the acute phase of a stroke. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review with an inductive approach based on nine scientific articles. The nine scientific articles were identified in the databases CINAHL and PubMed and were analyzed using an analysis guide to finally be compiled. Results: The results described patients' experiences in four main categories. The main categories are: Emergency care and information; Loss of and striving for independence; Support, communication and relationship as a base for security; and Emotional reactions and worries about the future. Conclusion/implication: Stroke is experienced as a transformative period where patients lose their independence. Patients expressed a need for security and support from healthcare professionals and the importance of information and communication. Healthcare professionals need sufficient knowledge and time resources to be able to offer quality in person-centered care
Nursing bedside handover - from a patient perpective : A general literature study
No full textBakgrund: Nursing bedside handover (NBH) är en metod där rapportering mellan sjuksköterskor sker vid patientens sängkant. NBH syftar till att förbättra patientdelaktighet, patientsäkerhet samt kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska och patient, vilket kan stärka patientens autonomi och engagemang för sin egen vård. Trots potentiella fördelar är kunskapen om patienters upplevelser av NBH begränsad och behöver därför undersökas. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka patienters upplevelser av nursing bedside handover. Metod: Studien var en allmän litteraturstudie baserad på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Fyra huvudkategorier identifierades: Patienters upplevelse av autonomi och delaktighet, Kommunikation och relation mellan patient och sjuksköterska, Patienters upplevelse av trygghet och Patienters upplevelse av sekretess och integritet. Majoriteten av patienterna upplevde NBH positivt, men upplevde även en viss oro kopplat till integritetsfrågor. Konklusion och implikation: NBH stärkte patientdelaktighet, kommunikation och trygghet men medförde utmaningar kring sekretess och individuella preferenser. För att NBH ska vara effektiv behöver sjuksköterskor anpassa rapporteringen efter patientens behov och önskemål och skapa en flexibel rapporteringsprocess. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att utveckla strategier för att stärka patienternas autonomi och höja patientsäkerheten samt säkerställa att NBH fungerar för alla patientgrupper och i alla vårdkontexter.Background: Nursing bedside handover (NBH) is a method where shift reporting between nurses takes place at the patient’s bedside. NBH aims to enhance patient participation, safety, and communication between nurses and patients, thereby strengthening the patient’s autonomy and engagement in their own care. Despite its potential benefits, knowledge about patients' experiences of NBH is limited and needs further investigation. Aim: The aim was to explore patients' experiences of nursing bedside handover. Method: This study was a general literature review based on twelve scientific articles. Results: Four main categories were identified: Patients’ experience of autonomy and participation, Communication and relationships between patients and nurses, Patients’ sense of security andPatients’ perception of privacy and confidentiality. Most patients experienced NBH positively but also felt some concern related to privacy issues. Conclusion and Implication: NBH enhanced patient participation, communication, and safety but posed challenges regarding confidentiality and individual preferences. For NBH to be effective, nurses need to adapt reporting to the patient’s needs and wishes and create a flexible reporting process. Future research should focus on developing strategies to strengthen patient autonomy, improve patient safety, and ensure that NBH works for all patient groups and in every care context