Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
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Patienters upplevlese av sjuksköterskors omvårdnad vid strålbehandling av huvud- och halscancer : En allmän litteraturstudie
No full textBakgrund: Huvud- och halscancer (HH-cancer) är en relativt vanlig cancerdiagnos som drabbar cirka 660 000 människor runt om i världen varje år. Vanligtvis behandlas HH-cancer med strålbehandling i kombination med kirurgi som syftar till att minska samt avlägsna cancertumören. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av omvårdnad vid strålbehandling av HH-cancer. Metod: Metoden var en allmän litteraturstudie som genomförts med strukturerad sökning. Sökningen resulterade i sex kvalitativa, två kvantitativa och en mixad metod där artiklar framkom som svarade på syftet. Resultat: Kategorierna var: Personcentrerad kommunikation och Relationell omvårdnad. Resultatet visar varierande upplevelser vad gäller omvårdnad vid strålbehandling av HH-cancer. I många av studierna framkom ett behov av bättre information och bättre stöd från sjuksköterskor vid strålbehandling. Patienter upplevde att en god relation skapade bättre förutsättningar för delaktighet. Patienter upplevde att delaktighet i vården underlättade hanteringen av biverkningar och gjorde det lättare hantera sjukdomen. Konklusion: Patienter upplever bristande information samt kommunikation i vården. Sjuksköterskor behöver ha bättre kunskap om omvårdnad till patienter med HH-cancer för att kunna anpassa omvårdnaden utifrån varje individ.Background: Head and neck cancer (HH cancer) is a relatively prevalent cancer diagnosis that affects approximately 660,000 people around the world each year. HH cancer is usually treated with radiotherapy in combination with surgery aimed at reducing and removing the cancerous tumor. Purpose: The purpose was to describe patients' experiences of nursing care during radiotherapy for HH cancer. Method: The method was a general literature study conducted with a structured search. The search resulted in six qualitative, two quantitative and one mixed method articles that responded to the purpose. Results: The categories were: Person-centered communication and Relational nursing. The results show varying experiences regarding nursing care during radiotherapy for HH cancer. In many of the studies, a need emerged for better information and better support from nurses during radiotherapy. Patients experienced that a good relationship created better conditions for participation. Patients experienced that participation in care facilitated the management of side effects and made it easier to manage the disease. Conclusion: Patients experience a lack of information and communication in healthcare. Nurses need to have better knowledge about nursing care for patients with HH cancer to be able to adapt nursing care based on each individual
Understanding the Internet of Things Adoption Barriers in the Healthcare Sector : Evidence from Emerging Countries
No full textBackground: The purpose of this paper is to explore on the main barriers related to the Internet of Things devices adoption in healthcare, with specific concern to developing countries. Methods: A qualitative research approach with the systematic combination method has been adopted, considering an Indian hospital as a research setting. Semi-structured interviews were carried out as part of the data collection process Results: The study helped us identify some of the main factors affecting IoT adoption in the hospital, categorised under three different sections: 1) technological barriers, 2) organisational barriers, and 3) environmental barriers. Findings suggest that IoT adoption barriers in hospitals are related to adoption challenges mainly focused on technological acceptance, complexity, organisational behaviour, lack of expertise and infrastructure, lack of stringent regulations and standards, and finally, security and privacy concerns. Conclusion: Thus, this research makes a unique contribution for researchers and hospital managers in developing countries to understand the common barriers behind the IoT adoption process and to understand the steps to be taken to overcome these barriers. © 2025, Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries
Kritiskt tänkande och desinformation på sociala medier : En kvalitativ studie om användares strategier för identifiering av desinformation
No full textI takt med att sociala medier blivit en plattform för informationskonsumtion har metoderna att utvärdera information förändrats. Sociala mediers algoritmer styr informationsflöden och kan bidra till att desinformation når ett stort antal användare. Kritiskt tänkande är därför en viktig egenskap att erhålla, särskilt i digitala miljöer där utveckling av generativ AI har försvårat identifiering av desinformation. Tidigare forskning har främst fokuserat på maskininlärning för att identifiera desinformation, dock har färre studier fokuserat på användares perspektiv. Studien undersöker tre aspekter av kritiskt tänkande - engagemang, selektiv exponering och tidigare erfarenheter, som kan påverka hur användare granskar och utvärderar information. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer och undersökte hur sociala medieanvändare går tillväga för att identifiera desinformation. Resultatet visar fem identifierade tillvägagångssätt för kritisk granskning med respektive utmaningar och initiala rekommendationer för hur sociala medier kan stötta användare att identifiera desinformation.As social media has become a platform for information consumption, the methods for evaluating information have changed. Social media algorithms govern information flows and can contribute to a widespread reach of disinformation. Critical thinking can therefore be an important skill to acquire, especially in digital environments where the development of generative AI has made it more difficult to identify disinformation. Previous research has primarily focused on machine learning for detecting disinformation, while fewer studies have explored users’ perspectives. This study examines three aspects of critical thinking - engagement, selective exposure and prior experiences, that may influence how users assess and evaluate information. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, investigating how social media users identify disinformation. The findings highlight five identified approaches for critical evaluation, along with challenges and initial recommendations on how social media platforms can support users in identifying disinformation.
Role of artificial intelligence in product development in Li-ion battery industry
No full textThere is a growing demand for AI and product development, additionally recent years there is a high increase in LI battery demand. This industry has faced difficulties in streamlining their product development process and as a solution they tend to invest in AI. This study provides an overview of how AI AI being involved in the product development process in Li ion battery industry. literature review gives a brief introduction of product development process in battery industry, and AI. Further more how AI is used in each stage is identified from literature. How AI is used in PD stages from ideasation, prototyping, simulation and scaling are identified from literature and supported by the empirical data of interview findings. The main content and effort is to research the categories of AI and to demonstrate their abilities and linkage throughout the PD process and to define how this new technology is used in the industry for PD. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Product development, Product lifecycle, Management, Machine learning
Comparing high-density lipoprotein and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in healthy individuals and those affected by chronic pain in relation to physical activity: an experimental study
No full textBackground Chronic pain is a widespread problem for both individuals and society. Chronic pain can be defined as pain lasting for three months or more and symptoms can be depression and decreased quality of life. Biomarkers are defined as quantities that can be measured and used to imply normal or pathogenic biological processes. High density lipoproteins (HDLs) main function is to transport excess cholesterol from peripheral tissue back to the liver while Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) attracts inflammatory cells to the site of inflammation. Higher levels of HDL have been shown to be associated with lower levels of pain, whilst MIP-1α may have an association with higher pain perception. Aim/objective/purpose The study aimed to investigate if high-density lipoprotein and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α could serve as biomarkers for chronic pain, particularly in studying the role of physical activity by comparing healthy individuals to those with chronic pain (ageing between 35-65 years). Biomarkers were analysed in saliva and capillary blood respectively to see if these associate with self-reported pain prior to and post physical activity using the Åstrand bicycle ergometer test. Method A total of 18 participants were divided into two groups, pain group and control group. A capillary bloodsample, a saliva sample and self-reported pain were obtained prior to, and post a Åstrands bicycle ergometer test. Saliva samples were analysed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HDL was analysed using Cardiocheck. The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS using a Wilcoxon-signed ranked test, Spearman's correlation test and a two-way ANOVA. Result The studied population were in the ages between 35-65 years old, baseline pain for the paingroup were 4.11 and 1.22 for the controlgroup. HDL values were significantly higher post the exercise session for both groups and MIP-1α values did not significantly differ post the exercise. HDL was moderately negatively associated with self-reported pain and MIP-1α was strongly positively associated with self-reported pain prior to the exercise intervention but this association was no longer detectable post the intervention. Conclusion HDL was negatively associated with self-reported pain and increased similarly across groups, while MIP-1α was unaffected by exercise. This suggests potential benefits of physical activity for pain reduction and highlights the importance of further research on HDL and
Potentialen för batterilagring i Halland : Samhällsekonomisk analys
No full textAs the energy transition accelerates, growing demands are being placed on the electricity grid in terms of capacity, stability, and operational flexibility. Battery energy storage systems have emerged as a potential means of addressing these challenges by mitigating peak loads, supporting the provision of ancillary services, and enabling the integration of variable renewable energy sources. This study explores the socio-economic potential of Battery energy storage systems in the Swedish region of Halland, with a focus on the local perspective of distribution system operators. The research is based on qualitative methods, including a review of relevant literature and ten interviews with stakeholders in the regional electricity and energy sector, primarily local grid companies.The results highlight grid capacity as a major constraint on further electrification, particularly in the regional grid infrastructure in southern Halland. While several respondents recognise the potential of batteries to relieve pressure during peak demand, current deployments are often designed to serve national markets for ancillary services rather than to benefit the local grid. This mismatch can create operational challenges, especially as distribution system operators currently lack control over battery dispatch.The study finds that the effectiveness of battery storage depends heavily on location, control mechanisms, and business models. A recurring issue is the tension between national system-level objectives and local capacity needs. Existing regulations, such as mandatory connection obligations and the lack of targeted incentives for local flexibility, hinder investments that could strengthen the regional grid. Nonetheless, many respondents acknowledge that Battery energy storage systems may become more valuable in the future, provided that market structures and regulatory frameworks evolve to support locally beneficial applications
Improving Rare Disease Prediction with Specialized Loss Functions
No full textAutomated medical coding aims to assign standardized diagnosis and procedure codes to clinical documents, but faces significant challenges due to severe class imbalance between common and rare codes. This thesis investigates how specialized loss functions can improve rare disease prediction in the context of automated ICD-9 code assignment using the large language models (LLMs) with the MIMIC-III dataset. We implemented and evaluated two specialized loss functions Focal Loss (FL) and Asymmetric Loss (ASL) with the state-of-the-art PLM-ICD (Pre-trained Language Model for International Classification of Diseases) model architecture. These lossfunctions were designed to address class imbalance by differentially weighting the examples based on classification difficulty and positive/negative class separation. Our experiments show that ASL achieved the best performance, improving Macro F1 scores by 0.023 to the standard Binary Cross-Entropy loss while maintaining comparable Micro-F1 performance. Focal Loss also consistently improved rare disease prediction across multiple parameter configurations. Our findings confirm that loss function engineering is an effective approach for improving rare disease prediction in automated medical coding systems. This work contributes to addressing the performance gap between common and rare codes, potentially enhancing the clinical utility of automated coding systems in healthcare settings.Automatiserad medicinsk kodning syftar till att tilldela standardiserade diagnos och procedurkoder till kliniska dokument, men står inför betydande utmaningar på grund av allvarlig klassobalans mellan vanliga och sällsynta koder. Detta examensarbete undersöker hur specialiserade förlustfunktioner kan förbättra prediktion av sällsynta sjukdomar i samband med automatiserad ICD-9-kodning med hjälp avstora språkmodeller (LLMs) med MIMIC-III datasetet. Vi implementerade och utvärderade två specialiserade förlustfunktioner Focal Loss (FL) och Asymmetric Loss (ASL) och integrerade med den topp presterande PLM-ICD (Pre-trained Language Model for International Classification of Diseases) modellarkitekturen. Dessa förlustfunktioner utformades för att hantera klassobalans genom att differentiellt vikta exempel baserat på klassificeringssvårighet och positiv/negativ klasseparation. Våra experiment visar att ASL uppnådde bäst resultat, med en förbättring av Macro-F1 med 0.023 i förhållande till standard Binary Cross-Entropy loss, samtidigt som jämförbar Micro-F1-prestanda bibehölls. Focal Loss förbättrade också konsekvent prediktionen av sällsynta sjukdomar över flera parameterkonfigurationer. Våra resultat bekräftar att förlustfunktionsutveckling är en effektiv metod för att förbättra prediktion av sällsynta sjukdomar i automatiserade medicinska kodningssystem. Detta arbete bidrar till att minska prestationsgapet mellan vanliga och sällsynta koder, vilket potentiellt förbättrar den kliniska applikationen av automatiserade kodningssystem inom vårdmiljöer
’And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb’ : Eighteenth-century Moravian memoirs, source criticism and devotional language
No full textHolistic Sustainability Leadership : Developing a practical framework towards transformative and holistic sustainability change
No full textLeadership is a key process to achieve sustainable development, as it influences how individuals and organizations respond to complex sustainability (grand) challenges. Although Sustainability Leadership has been developed through various frameworks, many remain either theoretical or siloed, and few have been practically validated. This highlighted the need for a Holistic Sustainability Leadership (HSL) framework that connects the inner aspect of the self from Holistic Leadership with the systems thinking and long-term stewardship of Sustainability Leadership, that is practically validated. To explore and develop this, we applied an abductive research approach going from theory to data and back from data to theory. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in the fields of leadership and sustainability to validate and further refine the framework. The final version of the HSL framework consists of four interconnected aspects: Being, Doing, Developing, and Visioning that show leadership as a process that evolves between the leader and the follower / community. The framework contributes both theoretically and practically by offering a model that supports leadership development, decision-making, and long-term holistic sustainability transformation in complex environments.