Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
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Predictive Maintenance : – State of the Art in Manufacturing Organizations
No full textPredictive Maintenance (PdM) is a key area of smart manufacturing and it relies on incorporating the technologies from Industry 4.0, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML). This thesis will present the literature and most advanced concepts related to PdM following by the application studies by leading companies in the world in the field. PdM effectively improves efficiency as it can accurately forecast machine breakdowns well in advance, resulting in reduced production downtime and maintenance costs. More sophisticated methods, such as deep learning, Bayesian filtering, or reinforcement learning, can further improve the accuracy of the prediction, and digital twins, edge computing allow for real-time decision making. However, there are challenges with the implementation of PdM, such as integration with existing systems, poor data quality and implementation cost, which are relatively high for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). However, industry adopters like Bosch, GE Aviation and Siemens talk of demonstrable improvements: emissions lowered, energy use reduced and equipment life extended. Bottom Line: PdM is not a choice, it’s a necessity for the future of manufacturing and PdM’s value is being able to predict and prevent equipment failures. This thesis ends with practical guidelines and strategic outlooks to provide support for practitioners and academics to deploy PdM for sustained competitiveness and innovatio
Uncovering hidden digital traces : Investigating steganography in encrypted IoT traffic
No full textThe increasing use of encrypted communication in Internet of Things (IoT) networks has improved data confidentiality but, simultaneously, has raised new problems regarding forensic analysis, notably in identifying hidden threats. In this thesis, it is investigated whether steganographic activity in encrypted IoT traffic can be detected through analyzing metadata rather than decrypting the underlying content. A detection framework was tested and assessed on three different steganographic embedding methods, which were packet size manipulation, time-based encoding, and message sequencing. These methods were used on MQTT over TLS traffic within a controlled environment and the results were evaluated to assess the potential of the framework to decode hidden binary messages from deviation in metadata patterns. It was developed in Python and designed to adapt automatically for different captures without manual threshold settings. More than 400 traffic captures, both steganographic and normal traffic, were processed. The detection accuracy was 100 percent in the final test phase, with no false positives encountered during the testing using normal traffic. The results also showed that minimal variations in packet size or delay, as low as a matter of bytes or milliseconds, were enough to add detectable patterns. The method successfully decoded various types of messages, such as passwords, hashes, and alphanumeric strings, to prove its usefulness. This research proves that metadata-based forensic analysis can effectively reveal certain types of steganographic communication in encrypted IoT environments without violating user privacy or requiring access to encrypted payloads.
Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Cyber Security Investments
No full textThis paper aims to identify key elements of investment in digital security and the changes in the current and future financial landscape regarding the rate of return on created network security capital. Cybersecurity cost and benefits Using a cost-benefit analysis framework and a Kaggle database set the twin challenge of protecting and preserving an organization’s information capital while simultaneously enabling access to IT resources by different users can be immense from a financial point of view. Highlighted areas for further study include regulatory compliance and risk management as well as investment prospects and their outcomes in various organizations, which can be considered as the major outline of the analysis. The report reveals the deficiencies of the literature indicating the need for more thorough research topics. It includes agile software security integration and industrial IoT risk evaluation. These quantitative approaches resulted in vital policy recommendations for the decision-makers, and thus, the role of constant monitoring and risk management was accentuated. Thus, the adaption splits cover some areas such as investment types, job profiles, year/industry-wise trend analysis, and investment analysis from the cost-benefit model 2021 to 2023. It reveals positive net cash flow in the future that reflects that organizations should allocate efforts and resources toward cybersecurity as these augments the financial capacity and reduce vulnerability. It helps to stress that more theoretical models should be applied not as mere concepts but as a base for practical recommendations that can be useful for various companies and organizations of different sizes and from different sectors. The issues cover the appraisal of the return on network security capital, the issues at Markun CFOs, the technology debts of finance, and applying digital twin compliance for the built environment.
The effect of physical activity on proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in individuals with atherosclerosis- A systematic review
No full text Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, largely due to atherosclerosis which develops gradually from childhood and is exacerbated by factors like smoking, high blood pressure, and inactivity. Inflammation, particularly involving cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, plays a crucial role in this process. While current treatments focus on controlling lipids and inflammation, they come with side effects. Physical activity is gaining attention as a natural way to reduce atherosclerosis risk, especially in older adults. Physical activity can lower inflammatory markers, such as IL-6, that are linked to dangerous plaque build-up. This study reviews how physical activity affects these cytokines in people over 50, highlighting its potential to slow down atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This systematic review focused on eligibility, search technique, study selection, and bias evaluation in accordance with PRISMA 2020 recommendations. We included clinical trials that looked at the effects of physical activity on the inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-6 in individuals over 50 who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Studies from 2006-2024 written in English were considered. We excluded those involving post-surgery conditions, other chronic diseases, animal studies, or non-primary research. From January to August 2024, we searched various databases for relevant information. Results: This review summarizes the effects of physical activity on inflammation in people at risk of or suffering from atherosclerosis. Six studies were analyzed, focusing on how exercise impacts the proinflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusion: The study concluded that inflammatory reactions caused by atherosclerosis can be controlled through physical activity by reducing the proinflammatory cytokines associated with the pathology
Expertisbaserade skillnader i domängenerell mönsterigenkänning och antecipering inom efotboll
No full textThis study examines differences in domain-general and sport-specific patternrecognition as well as anticipation between experienced and inexperienced players ineFootball. EFootball is a rapidly growing eSport that places high demands on cognitiveand perceptual skills, but research in this area remains limited. Two groups comprisinga total of 20 participants took part: an experienced group with at least six years ofplaying experience and an inexperienced group with less than three years of experience.Participants were tested using two different stimuli—one based on chess sequences tomeasure domain-general pattern recognition and another based on video clips from thegame FC25 to measure sport-specific pattern recognition and anticipation. The results showed no significant differences between the groups for domaingeneral pattern recognition (p = .763) or sport-specific pattern recognition (p = .384).For anticipation, a difference approaching significance was observed (p = .063), with aneffect size suggesting practical relevance (Cohen’s d = 0.886). These findings indicatethat experience in eFootball may contribute to improved anticipation but does notsignificantly affect general cognitive abilities. The study addresses a research gap in eSports and highlights the need for largersamples and more ecologically valid testing environments to better understand howcognitive skills influence performance in eFootball. The findings may contribute to thedevelopment of evidence-based training methods to optimize performance in eSports. Denna studie undersöker skillnader i domängenerell och idrottsspecifikmönsterigenkänning samt antecipering mellan erfarna och oerfarna spelare inomefotboll. Efotboll är en snabbt växande esport som ställer höga krav på kognitiva ochperceptuella färdigheter, men forskning på området är begränsad. Två grupper medtotalt 20 deltagare deltog: en erfaren grupp med minst sex års spelande och en oerfarengrupp med mindre än tre års erfarenhet. Deltagarna testades med två olika stimuli – ettbaserat på schacksekvenser för att mäta domängenerell mönsterigenkänning och ettbaserat på videoklipp från spelet FC25 för att mäta idrottsspecifik mönsterigenkänningoch antecipering. Resultaten visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna fördomängenerell mönsterigenkänning (p = .763) eller idrottsspecifik mönsterigenkänning(p = .384). För antecipering observerades en skillnad som närmade sig signifikans (p =.063), med en effektstorlek som antyder praktisk relevans (Cohen’s d = 0.886). Dessaresultat pekar på att erfarenhet inom efotboll kan bidra till bättre antecipering men intepåverkar generella kognitiva förmågor i lika hög grad. Studien fyller en forskningslucka inom esport och belyser behovet av störreurval och mer ekologiskt valida testmiljöer för att bättre förstå hur kognitiva färdigheterpåverkar prestation inom efotboll. Resultaten kan bidra till utvecklingen avevidensbaserade träningsmetoder för att optimera prestationer inom esport
Att motivera elever till skrivutveckling : En litteraturstudie om metoder och betydelsen av motivation i årskurs 4–6 i svenskämnet
No full textMany pupils today struggle to develop their writing skills. According to the Swedish curriculum (2022, p. 230) teachers should motivate and engage pupils in different ways to support their writing development. Writing development has been an important pedagogical issue, which caught our attention and led us to conduct a study about how motivation can contribute to developing students' writing skills. The purpose with this study was to examine how motivation can support writing development in the Swedish subject, and to analyze possible connections between motivation and writing ability in primary school students. Through a systematic analysis of previous research, we identified different perspectives and factors connected to writing development and motivation. The articles that were reviewed were chosen through search platforms named ERIC (EBSCO) and SwePub.Results show that motivation is a central factor to promote students' writing development and that it can stimulate students' learning in different ways. The study identifies three main strategies for maintaining motivation: (1) use of digital tools, (2) strengthening of student self-confidence, interests and attitudes, and (3) creating meaningful writing assignments. The analysis of these strategies show that students with high motivation have a more considerable writing development compared to students with lower motivation. Primarily, this is clearly shown among students in grade 4-6
Legal Prostitution : A Crime Against Humanity?
No full textClose case readings focusing on the ICC support the theory that legal prostitution be recognized as a crime against humanity. Extensive social science research documents the coercion and damage attendant and endemic to the sex industry. Countries following the Swedish (now “Nordic/Equality”) prostitution model law, which penalizes buyers and third parties while supporting prostituted persons to escape, have decreased prostitution’s incidence, while countries in which prostitution is legalized have seen trafficking and other violative abuses metastasize. This article analyzes in depth the prospect of holding authoritative actors accountable for legalized prostitution under the international legal rubric of crimes against humanity. It documents that legalized and fully decriminalized prostitution release a tsunami of crimes against humanity for which these policies guarantee domestic impunity. Empirical evidence marshaled shows that legal prostitution exponentially increases “widespread” and “systematic attacks” against prostituted persons, including “rape, enforced prostitution, enslavement, human trafficking, sexual slavery,” and other atrocities enumerated under international law and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). © Catharine A. MacKinnon & Max Waltman 2025
Turning from the Ruin : A Hauntological Analysis of ZA/UM’s Disco Elysium
No full textThis essay explores Disco Elysium by game developer ZA/UM through the lens of hauntology as described by Mark Fisher. The purpose of the essay is twofold; firstly, it is to thoroughly explore the various "hauntings" of the world of Disco Elysium and the role hauntology plays in the setting and plot. Secondly, it is to interrogate what responses the story holds to these hauntings and what solutions, if any, are presented in order to move beyond both the spectre of the past and lost futures. Parallels are also drawn to concepts originating in critical race theory regarding social progress and the future. The conclusion drawn by analysis of the game is that it appears to make an argument for relinquishing expectations of a specific future and for viewing the building of an ideal society as an ongoing process rather than a fixed end goal
Strategier för att främja elevers läsförståelse av sakprosatexter
No full textSyftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka hur olika läsförståelsetrategier i ämnet svenska, påverkade elevers läsförståelse i sakprosa texter. Studien fokuserade särskilt på hur lärare kunde bedriva undervisning som främjar elevers läsförståelse av förklarande och beskrivande sakprosatexter. Studien fokuserade även på lärarens roll i undervisningen och hur de kan stödja elever i att bli mer medvetna och reflektera över sina egna läsförståelsestrategier. Det har gjorts en systematisk sökning för att identifiera relevant forskning och olika internationella studier om området, vilket resulterade i användning av forskningsdata som publicerats mellan åren 2010-2024. Studierna som använts har noggrant granskats, analyserats och sammanställts till ett resultat. Förutom den forskning och de studier som genomförts, inkluderades även de internationella undersökningarna PISA och PIRLS, som bland annat rör elevers läsförmåga och läsförståelse. De studier som presenterades i resultatdelen framhöll olika aspekter om hur en lärare kan bedriva undervisning som främjar elevers läsförståelse av sakprosatexter. Av resultatet framkom en rad betydande strategier och faktorer för att främja läsförståelsen. Dels framkom vikten av aktiverandet av bakgrundskunskaper samt hur den kognitiva förmågan och inre motivation spelade en betydande roll för läsförståelsen. Vidare framkom även olika undervisningsstrategier och modeller, såsom Processual model och High 5!- strategierna. Även metakognitiva strategier, sambandet mellan textstruktur och läsförståelse samt att använda nivåanpassade texter i undervisningen belystes. Genom att resultatet framkom även betydelsen av explicit undervisning av dessa strategier och faktorer var betydelsefullt för att bevara en långvarig effekt och främja elevers läsförståelse av sakprosatexter. Det framgick även att förenklade texter inte alltid gynnade läsförståelsen och att textens längd kunde ha en större påverkan än textens komplexitet. Resultatet av denna litteraturstudie kan användas och bidra till förståelsen av hur en mer effektiv undervisning kan bedrivas för att främja elevers läsförståelse av sakprosatexter
Prestera under press : En undersökning av antecipering, mönsterigenkänning och medveten beslutsfattandebearbetning i fotboll hos nybörjare och erfarna spelare
No full textMönsterigenkänning och antecipering är inom fotboll viktiga perceptuella-kognitiva förmågor, speciellt i tidspressade situationer där snabba beslut kan vara avgörande för spelets utfall. Tidigare forskning har framhävt att dessa förmågor är kopplade till spelares expertis och erfarenhet men saknar underlag som stärker att mönsterigenkänning ligger till grund för antecipering då de sällan undersöks i samma test. Syftet med denna studie var att studera expertisbaserade skillnader i antecipering och mönsterigenkänning i fotboll, om mönsterigenkänning ligger till grund för antecipering samt hur dessa förmågor påverkas av press. Studien syftade även till att belysa kopplingen mellan medveten beslutsfattandebearbetning och prestation under hög press. Datan insamlades experimentellt med 15 nybörjare och 15 erfarna fotbollsspelare som kollade på dynamiska fotbollssekvenser. Experimentet bestod av två testförhållanden (låg och hög press) och deltagarna besvarade frågor som mätte deras prestation inom mönsterigenkänning och antecipering. Deltagarna var mellan 19 och 27 år gamla (M = 22.67, SD = 1.56). Efter testerna var utförda besvarade deltagarna Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale (DSRS) som mätte deras medvetna beslutsfattandebearbetning. Mixed ANOVA uppvisade statistiskt signifikanta huvudeffekter av Grupp på antecipering och mönsterigenkänning vilket betyder att erfarna fotbollsspelare presterade statistiskt signifikant bättre än nybörjare i båda testerna. Resultaten indikerade också att deltagarna presterade statistiskt signifikant bättre inom antecipering vid sekvenser de hade sett vid ett tidigare skede i testet. Däremot uppvisades ej en statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan pressförhållandena eller en statistiskt signifikant korrelation mellan medveten beslutsfattandebearbetning och prestation under hög press.Pattern recognition and anticipation are important perceptual-cognitive abilities in soccer, especially in time-pressured situations where quick decisions can be decisive for the outcome of the game. Previous research has highlighted that these abilities are linked to players' expertise and experience but lacks evidence to support that pattern recognition underpins anticipation, as these abilities are rarely examined in the same test. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate expertise-based differences in anticipation and pattern recognition in soccer, whether pattern recognition underpins anticpiation and how these abilities are affected by pressure. The study also aimed to shed light on the correlation between decision reinvestment and performance under high pressure. The data were collected experimentally with 15 novice and 15 experienced soccer players who watched dynamic soccer sequences. The experiment consisted of two test conditions (low and high pressure) and participants answered questions measuring their performance in pattern recognition and anticipation. The participants were between 19 and 27 years old (M = 22.67, SD = 1.56). After the tests were completed participants answered the Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale (DSRS), which measured their decision reinvestment. A mixed ANOVA revealed statistically significant main effects of Group on anticipation and pattern recognition, indicating that experienced soccer players performed statistically significantly better than novices in both tests. The results also suggested that participants performed significantly better in anticipation when observing sequences they had seen earlier in the test. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the pressure conditions or a statistically significant correlation between decision reinvestment and performance under high pressure