Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
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Fler äldre, färre händer : Arbetsmiljöns avgörande roll för kompetensförsörjning
No full textThis study aims to investigate the consequences that staff shortages can have on the work environment and how a good work environment can contribute to retaining employees from both an employee and manager perspective. In this study, we wanted to investigate which factors within the work environment employees and managers consider most important for staff retention. We chose to interview both managers and employees, as we believed this would provide a broader perspective. We identified a gap in previous research, where both employee and managerial perspectives are not commonly highlighted. The reason we chose this particular topic is that we encountered a municipality in southern Sweden that had identified future challenges in competence provision, where the demand for nurses does not align with the labor market supply. This is partly due to an ageing population, which is a national concern, and projections suggest that there will not be enough people of working age to meet the increasing demand for nurses. In this study, we have used a wide range of existing research to capture several factors affecting nurses’ work environments. Previous research, along with Bakker and Demerouti’s Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, has been used as a tool to analyze the data collected through interviews. The interviews followed a semi-structured format, and participants were recruited using various sampling strategies, including convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and self-selection. The reason for using multiple sampling methods is that not all participants were recruited in the same way, something we wanted to highlight from the beginning. Our study found that leadership, a sense of community, and collaboration were work environment factors considered particularly important for job satisfaction and played a significant role in employees’ willingness to remain at their workplace. It also emerged that factors contributing to high workload and reduced job satisfaction included administrative tasks, limited time with patients, and understaffing. The physical work environment was not emphasized to the same extent as in the previous research we reviewed, which distinguishes our study from earlier studies in this field.Denna studie ämnar att undersöka vilka konsekvenser personalbrist kan medföra för arbetsmiljön samt på vilket sätt en god arbetsmiljö kan bidra till att behålla personal ur ett medarbetar- och chefsperspektiv. Vi ville i denna studie undersöka vilka faktorerinom arbetsmiljön som medarbetare och chefer anser vara viktigast för att behålla personal.Vi valde att intervjua både chefer och medarbetare då vi ansåg att det gav oss möjligheten till att se en bredare bild. Det var dessutom en brist som vi såg i den tidigare forskningen som finns inom området att man inte lyfter både medarbetares och chefers tankar.Anledningen till att vi valde just detta ämne grundar sig i att vi kom i kontakt med en kommun i södra Sverige som identifierat framtida brister inom kompetensförsörjningen där behovet av sjuksköterskor inte matchar arbetsmarknadens utbud. Detta har med en åldrande befolkning att göra, vilket är ett nationellt bekymmer och prognoserna antyder att det inte kommer finnas tillräckligt med personer i arbetsför ålder för att hantera det allt större behovet av sjuksköterskor.I denna studie har vi använt oss av bred insamlad tidigare forskning för att fånga uppflertalet faktorer inom arbetsmiljön som rör sjuksköterskor. Vi har använt den tidigare forskningen samt Bakker & Demeroutis JD-R modell som verktyg för att analysera den insamlade data vi har fått från de intervjuer som vi genomfört. Intervjuerna har haft en semistrukturerad struktur och intervjupersonerna har samlats in genom olika typer av urvalsstrategier där bekvämlighetsurval, målstyrt urval och självselekterat urval använts.Anledningen till att det skett olika typer av urval grundar sig i att samtliga intervjupersoner inte kunnat samlas in på samma sätt, något som vi tidigt vill belysa.Vår studie visade att ledarskap, gemenskap och samarbete var faktorer inom arbetsmiljön som ansågs särskilt viktiga för arbetsglädjen och som hade en betydande roll i att personal vill stanna kvar på sin arbetsplats. Det framkom även att faktorer som bidrar till hög arbetsbelastning och minskad arbetsglädje innefattar administrativt arbete, för lite tid med patienter och underbemanning. Fysisk arbetsmiljö lyftes inte i en lika stor omfattning som i den tidigare forskning vi tagit del av, något som särskiljer vår studie från tidigare forskning inom ämnet.
Enhancing LSB Steganography using Chaotic Maps
No full textThe development of personal computing and Internet access has ex- panded remote work opportunities yet simultaneously raised the danger of data breaches. The protection of confidentiality through traditional encryption methods reveals the presence of sensitive data which makes it an attractive target for attackers. The Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique in Steganography provides an alternative method to hide data by embedding it inside digital media. The traditional LSB methods demonstrate three major drawbacks which include pre- dictability alongside limited robustness and restricted data capacity.This Thesis introduces an advanced LSB steganography approach which utilizes the Lorenz chaotic system to overcome existing method restrictions. The method enhances security through the use of chaotic maps which generate pseudo-random sequences that are highly sen- sitive to initial conditions and resist attacks from compression and noise addition. The method selects pixel positions and color chan- nels through chaotic sequences to enhance security and data hiding capacity without degrading image quality.The experimental results demonstrate a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) exceeding 50 dB together with a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) above 0.997 and a zero Bit Error Rate (BER) which proves both successful data recovery and high visual fidelity. The lightweight secure steganographic method demonstrates potential uses in secure communication systems as well as medical imaging and digital rightsprotection applications
Instrumentets roll för barns spontana interaktion och samspel : En explorativ studie av barns spontana interaktion med ett instrument i förskolans lekmiljö
No full textSyftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur barn i förskolan samspelar med varandra när ett instrument introduceras i lekmiljön utan instruktioner. Studien tar utgångspunkt i ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och fokuserar på hur barnen, i mötet med ett keyboard, konstruerar musiklek och vilka deltagandemönster som skapas. Metoden utgörs av en explorativ ansats med ostrukturerade observationer, videoinspelningar och fältanteckningar från tre olika förskoleavdelningar. Analysen har genomförts med hjälp av interaktionsanalys. Resultatet visar att barnen använde sig av inspirerade handlingar, tidigare erfarenheter och kroppsligt utforskande i samspelet med varandra och keyboardet. Trots frånvaro av vuxet stöd utvecklade barnen kreativa och meningsfulla sätt att integrera runt keyboardet. Slutsatsen är att miljö och material kan fungera som starkt medierande resurser för samspel och att barn, även utan vuxnas instruktioner, aktivt kan skapa en gemensam musiklek. Studien belyser vikten av att ge barn tillgång till instrument och ett musikaliskt utforskande, detta så deras kreativitet och förmåga till samspel kan få ta plats. Nyckelord: Musiklek, Samspel, Förskola, Instrument, Keyboard, Utforskande, Meningsskapande The purpose of this study was to investigate how children in preschool interact with one another when a keyboard is introduced into the play environment without instruction or adult guidance. The study is grounded in a sociocultural perspective and focuses on how children, in their encounter with a keyboard, construct musical play and what patterns of participation emerge. The research employed an exploratory approach using instructed observations, video recording and field notes collected from three different preschool departments. The analysis was conducted interaction analysis. The result shows that children engaged with one another and the keyboard using inspiration, prior experiences and embodied exploration. Despite the absence of adult scaffolding, the children developed creative and meaningful ways to interact around the keyboard. The conclusion is that the environment and materials can serve as powerful mediating resources for interaction and that children, even without adult instructions, can actively structure shared musical play. This study highlights the importance of providing children with access to instruments and opportunities for musical explorations, allowing their creativity and capacity for social interactions to flourish. Keywords: Musical play, Interaction, Preschool, Instrument, Keyboard, Exploration, Mening-makin
Digital Strategy in B2B : A qualitative study on the interplay between digital and traditional activities in a digitalized era.
No full textI takt med digitaliseringen har företag behövt anpassa sina strategier mot att bli mer digitala i syfte att möta kunders förändrade beteenden. Trots framgången på B2C- marknaden möter företag verksamma inom B2B större utmaningar i anpassningen i form av mer komplexa affärssammanhang. Nuvarande forskning inom området för B2B digitala strategier är begränsad trots att forskningen framställer en sådan strategi som en konkurrensfördel. Syftet med denna studie är därför att närmare undersöka hur leverantörer inom B2B kan utveckla en digital strategi mot att bli mer kundcentrerad, samt hantera den komplexitet som sammanhanget utgör. Genom tillämpning av abduktiv forskningsansats och datainsamling via semistrukturerade intervjuer har en mer nyanserad och djupgående syn på teorin utvecklats. Resultaten av studien visar att företag behöver anpassa sina strategier mot det digitala för att kunna förbli konkurrenskraftiga, vilket också innebär att bli mer kundcentrerade. Däremot skiljer det sig mellan branscher i komplexitet, vilket lyfter behovet av att anpassa strategier till det specifika värdeerbjudandet. Det gör att balansen mellan digitala och traditionella aktiviteter kan variera däremellan. Gemensamt är att B2B-sammanhang ofta utgörs av starka relationer som kräver någon form av mänsklig interaktion, åtminstone i vissa faser av kundresan. Studien bidrar därmed med djupare insikter kring områden som måste hanteras i arbetet mot en förbättrad kundupplevelse och kan därför ge vägledning för leverantörer och vidare forskning.As digitalization progresses, companies have had to adapt their strategies towards becoming more digital in order to meet the changing behaviors of customers. Despite the success in the B2C market, companies operating in B2B face greater challenges in more complex business contexts. Although existing research highlights digital strategy as a source of competitive advantage in B2B contexts, literature on the topic remains limited. The purpose of this study is to further examine how B2B suppliers can develop a digital strategy towards becoming more customer-centric, as well as manage the complexity that the context represents. By applying an abductive research approach and collecting data via semi-structured interviews, a more nuanced and in-depth view of the theory has been developed. The results of the study show that companies need to adapt their strategies towards being more digital to remain competitive, which also means becoming more customer-centric. However, there are differences between industries in complexity, which highlights the importance of adapting strategies to the specific value proposition. It means that the balance between digital and traditional activities can vary between them. A common characteristic is that B2B contexts often involve strong relationships that require some degree of human interaction, at least during certain phases of the customer journey. The study thus contributes with deeper insight into areas that must be addressed in the work towards improved customer experience and can therefore provide guidance for suppliers and further research
Hur ”Buy Now Pay Later”- tjänsterpåverkar svenska modeföretagsvinstmarginaler : En studie av Klarnas BNPL-tjänst
No full textAbstract The background to the study is based on the increased use of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL)services. Specifically in Sweden, which has the highest share of BNPL transactionsglobally, and in the fashion industry due to its high return rate. Klarna is a major BNPLprovider on the market. Klarna allows customers to postpone their payments to a latertime. However, for companies that collaborate with a BNPL service, merchant fees ofbetween 1.5% and 7% are incurred. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate howKlarna's BNPL service affects the profit margins of Swedish fashion companies. Theprofit margins examined are operating, gross, and profit margin. The method used isquantitative, where data on the fashion companies' profit margins were collected throughthe database Retriever Business. Data were also primarily collected from the companiesregarding their start date with Klarna. This way, profit margins could be compared beforeand after the collaboration was implemented, which was carried out through several ttests. The conclusion showed that operating and profit margins decreased statisticallysignificantly after the companies began collaborating with Klarna, which supportshypotheses 1 and 2. Gross profit margin showed no significant effect, which rejectshypothesis 3
Självstudier i en digital värld : En designstudie om hur digitala självkontrollsverktyg kan motverka digitala distraktioner under självstudier.
No full textIndivider blir distraherade av digitala distraktioner i form av exempelvis notiser ellersociala medier, i en allt större grad. Detta gör sig speciellt aktuellt för högskolestudentereftersom det idag finns en ökad integreringen av digitala enheter inom akademiskastudier. Högskolestudenter tenderar därmed att bli mer distraherade av digitaladistraktioner, vilket genom forskning har visat sig vara negativt för studieresultaten. Föratt hjälpa individer minimera digitala distraktioner har olika digitalasjälvkontrollsverktyg (DS-verktyg) i form av appar eller webbtillägg tagits fram. Dessaverktyg visar dock på brister som ofta leder till att användaren slutar använda verktygetoch därmed blir distraherad. Denna studie har undersökt hur ett DS-verktyg kandesignas för att minimera digitala distraktioner under högskolestudenters självstudier.En litteraturgenomgång genomfördes med syfte att identifiera problematik medexisterande DS-verktyg, samt identifiera hur denna problematik genom design kanbemötas. Fem prototyper har därpå tagits fram för att visualisera problematiken, samthur den kan bemötas, för att sedan utvärderas i fyra fokusgrupper. Fokusgruppernassyfte var att utvärdera sätten som problematiken bemöttes på, samt samla insikter omhur den identifierade problematiken kan bemötas på andra sätt. Materialet frånfokusgrupperna togs sedan med till en tematisk analys, där identifierade behov ochtolkade insikter ledde fram till fem nya designimplikationer för hur ett DS-verktyg kandesignas för att minimera digital distraktion under självstudier.Individuals are becoming increasingly more distracted by digital distractions such asnotifications or social media. This is particularly relevant for university studentsbecause of the current integration of digital devices in academic studies. As a result ofthis university students tend to be more distracted by digital distractions, which researchhas shown can have a negative impact on academic performance. To help individualsminimize their digital distractions, different digital self-control tools (DSCT) have beendeveloped in the form of apps or browser extensions. However, these tools oftenpossess shortcomings that lead to users abandoning them, thereby becoming distracted.This study has examined how a DSCT can be designed to minimize digital distractionsduring university students' self-study. A literature review was conducted to identifyissues with existing DSCT and determine how these issues can be addressed throughdesign. Five prototypes were then developed to visualize the problems and how theycould be addressed, to later be evaluated in four focus groups. The purpose of the focusgroups was to assess the ways in which the problems were addressed and gather insightsinto other possible solutions. The material from the focus groups was then used in athematic analysis, where identified needs and interpreted insights led to five new designimplications for how a DSCT can be designed to minimize digital distractions duringself-study
Mellan ord och värde : En tematisk dokumentanalys av kommunikation och ledarskap i offentlig sektor
No full textMellan ord och värde – En tematisk dokumentanalys av kommunikation och ledarskap inom offentlig sektor, denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur intern kommunikation, delaktighet och medarbetarengagemang beskrivs i styrdokument från en kommunal omsorgsförvaltning. Med hjälp av en tematisk dokumentanalys identifieras återkommande mönster och ideal i dokumentens innehåll, särskilt fokus på värden som delaktighet, tillit och engagemang. Materialet utgörs av tre centrala styrdokument: en kommunikationspolicy, en kommunikationsstrategi samt en verksamhetsplan. Studien utgår från ett teoretiskt ramverk som inkluderar excellenceteorin, hållbart ledarskap, kommunikationskanalteorier samt psykologiska villkor för engagemang. Analysen visar att intern kommunikation framställs som ett strategiskt verktyg för att nå verksamhetsmål, men att konkret vägledning kring praktisk tillämpning ofta saknas. Ideal som dialog, öppenhet och förtroende lyfts fram, särskilt i relationen mellan chef och medarbetare. Studien bidrar med insikter om hur värderingar kommuniceras i text och belyser styrdokumentens roll i att forma ett kommunikativt klimat inom offentlig verksamhet
Financing and Projects that Aim for a More Environmentally Sustainable Supply Chain : A Qualitative Study in the Food Industry
No full textTitle: Financing and Projects that Aim for a More Environmentally Sustainable Supply Chain Subtitle: A Qualitative Study in the Food Industry Level: Degree of Master of Science in Business and Economics, 30 credits Authors: Diellza Kamberaj & Ella Kusmic Published: 2025-05-20 Supervisor: Fazle Rahi Examiner: Savvas Papadopoulos Background: Increased focus on emission reductions among companies has resulted in that they are ready to find new strategies to reduce their emissions in the supply chain which are incorporated in scope 3. Purpose: The purpose of the essay is to identify funding opportunities and projects for implementing sustainability work in the supply chain. The research question is to provide answers to how Axfood AB can support its suppliers to reduce their climate impact in the supply chain. Reasearch question: How can Axfood AB work with projects and financing to promote environmental sustainability work in its supply chain? Theoretical and conceptual Framework: The theoretical and conceptual framework describes financing of environmental sustainability in the supply chain, relevant legislation for the study, Green Supply Chain Management and Sustainable Supply Chain Finance. Furthermore, the stakeholder theory, Triple Bottom Line and the study's theoretical model are presented. Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative research method and is carried out with a deductive approach. The empirical data was collected through six interviews with 5 companies and a text analysis of 17 reports and 18 websites in order to gain a deeper understanding of financing and projects in environmental sustainability work. The collected empirical data was analyzed in accordance with a content analysis.Empirical data: The study's empirical data describes the respondents' answers from the interviews and the data on companies' environmental sustainability work that was found with a text analysis. Conclusion: The study describes how companies work to implement environmental sustainability in the supply chain. The conclusion shows that a sustainability assessment of suppliers can contribute with a selection of suppliers that can have the opportunity to receive financial funds from a sustainability fund. This results in emission reductions in the supply chain, which is part of scope 3. Keywords: the food industry, sustainable supply chain finance, supply chain, green supply chain management, environmentally sustainable supply chain and scope 3
Varumärkespositionering och differentiering inom sportswear för kvinnor i Sverige : En fallstudie av Aim ́n och Röhnisch
No full textThis thesis explores how female-oriented sportswear brands in Sweden work with brand positioning and differentiation to gain competitive advantages. The aim is to analyze the strategies employed from the companies' perspectives, as well as to examine how the industry can position itself to effectively reach different target groups and respond to evolving consumer behaviors. The study is based on a qualitative case study of two prominent players in the Swedish market: Aim’n and Röhnisch. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with key individuals from both companies, complemented by observations and document analysis. The analysis draws on established theories in brand strategy and consumer behavior, with a particular focus on brand personality and differentiation strategies. The results demonstrate how emotional connections, product attributes, sustainability aspects, and influencer marketing are used to position and distinguish brands within the women’s sportswear segment. The thesis concludes that Aim’n places greater emphasis on emotional values and lifestyle-oriented communication, whereas Röhnisch focuses on functionality, experience, and sustainability to achieve relevance and differentiation