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Bird’s Eye View on the Diagnosis, Treatment, & Prevention of the COVID-19 Outbreak
Get PDFIn December 2019, an outbreak of a new infectious disease occurred in Wuhan in the Hubei Province, China and spread across other Asian and non-Asian countries. The COVID-19 virus was known earlier as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On February 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that COVID-19 has a 79% genome sequence identity with SARS-CoV, the virus which caused a major outbreak in 2002–2003 when compared to MERS CoV. Even though some promising results have been achieved but Clinical studies of these candidate drugs need to be confirmed their safety and efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. Till then the spread may be controlled only by following the strict quarantine protocols and preventive measures as there is no effective drug available for the treatment at this moment. This article gives a bird’s eye view about the current knowledge on the diagnosis, treatment, & prevention of the COVID-19 outbreak. Readers should renovate themselves regularly as the information about the virus is developing gradually at a greater rate
Disruption to the Skills Ecosystem of India in the Wake of the New Normal Emerging Post ‘COVID-19’
Get PDFEvery new scenario that has unfolded in the canvas of time has brought with it,an impetusforsociety’s progress. In this perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic, (believed to be caused by an organismof 65-125 nm) has dramatically churned the times we are into today. Businesses, Economies and systems worldwide are undergoing unprecedented dynamic changes towards ‘Adaptability’ and adoption of newer models that could increase their pace of recovery in the wake of the new normal. The Skills ecosystem in India has been no different. Ever since the inception of the Skill India movement in the early 2015, this system has evolved into a vibrant integrated mission encompassing both Academic and vocational skill training courses.In this article we present to you what has been trending in the world of IT/ITeS skills and how the new normal is expected to emerge and progress from here
Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Different Sectors in India
Get PDFThis report talks about Corona Virus and its impact on the Indian Economy. The Aviation Sector, Pharmaceutical Sector, Tourism and Hotel Sector and Entertainment Sector are studied and analyzed individually and includes current information related to their industry, analyzing the economic impact of COVID – 19 on these sectors in India along with suggestions for these sectors to grow again and improve themselves. The main objective of this report is to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the Indian Economy and these 4 sectors. The research done is a secondary research as the data available online through research papers, online articles and industry reports were sufficient for the research, and also during the current pandemic, primary research wasn’t possible. The research involved data from various sources including articles from sources like LiveMint, Economic Times and India Today and The Wire and also articles by Pharmaceutical Technology, Brand Equity, BW Hotelier, etc. Industry reports by the Indian Brand Equity Foundation and Deloitte. The report by Deloitte was specific to the pharmaceutical sector and the effect of COVID- 19 on the sector. The industry reports by the Indian Brand Equity Foundation gave an idea about a standard condition of the sector in the country and who all are the market leaders. Data from the Government of India Website and FICCI website and articles were also taken to get authentic insights about the situation. The results show us that even though the pharmaceutical sector had some problems they are still growing and television and online media and entertainment are growing in the entertainment sector but the Cinema Halls are closed. The aviation sector had been hit very badly due to the airports all around the world being shut but with time some flights everyday are opened for urgent purposes with a lot of precautions and maybe till the end of the year they get back to their original state. The tourism and hospitality sector has been hit the worst. This was one of the last sectors being allowed by the government to open in the lockdown transition. The restaurants need to follow strict social distancing norms and various preventions to maintain sanitation and have been allowed to open from 8th June. This sector will comparatively take a lot of time to recover as the rule given by the Government to not allow more than 50 people in a social gathering can cause losses to this sector. As the government has started relaxing norms, it is expected that with time these sectors will be able to recover their losses and the economy will come back on track with the growth of technology and the aim of the country to become self-sufficient
COVID-19: An Epidemiological Puzzle
Get PDFPneumonia of unknown etiology was reported from Wuhan, Hubei province of China on 31th December, 2019. WHO declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30th January, 2020. Thereafter, it has spread throughout China and reached the level of a pandemic expanding to 210 countries with 9,653,048 confirmed cases and 491,128 deaths as per COVID-19 Situation Report issued by WHO based on data received upto 27th June, 2020. Manifold questions remain unanswered regarding pathogen associated variables for amplification dynamics, host environment and agent interaction. Multidimensional issues regarding the epidemiological spectrum have cropped up but still unresolved. This study makes an effort to analyse the information gathered from published articles of renowned journals and newsletters to explore the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 disease. Hereby, we have tried to assemble the questions epidemiological lacunae created by the divergent demographic characteristics, long incubation period, secondary attack rate and puzzling transmission dynamics of COVID-19 that remain unanswered
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), their Standards, Donning-doffing Procedures and Challenges of Indian Drug Regulatory Authorities with the New Indian PPE Manufacturers: Personal Protective Equipment and Challenges
Get PDFHealth care professionals rely on personnel protective equipment (PPE) including gown, gloves, goggles, face mask/N-95 respirators, and face shields etc to fight against COVID-19. The components of PPE act as an obstacle that prevents movement between infectious viral or bacterial contaminants and wearer’s mouth, nose or eyes and other parts of the body. All PPE is intended for use as medical device must follow the rules and regulations or standards for protection. The manufacturer has to show that they meet the prescribed criteria of competent authority in case of labelling, sterilisation criteria etc. the PPE must be biocompatible for at least 6-8 hrs. The wearer must follow the right procedure of donning and doffing of PPE. We here highlighted the various PPE with their standards, donning and doffing procedures, and challenges faced by Indian regulatory authority to maintain standards from the inland new manufacturers. Different research works are required to make the PPE fit and comfortable to accept for use for a long period
The Trend Distribution and Temporal Pattern Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic using GIS framework in Malaysia
Get PDFCurrently, the most severe infectious disease was the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in all countries in 2019 and 2020. At the end of December 2019, in Wuhan, China, there was an international cluster of cases involving Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-COV-2). The worldwide number of active cases and deaths is rising, especially in the top countries such as the United States (U.S), Brazil, and India. In Malaysia, these cases of COVID-19 have significantly decreased the number of active infections and deaths in May and June 2020. COVID-19 has had a significant effect on human life, socio-economic growth, and public relation. It is aimed at senior groups and individuals with various health conditions such as cancer, respiratory problems, diabetes, hypertension, and heart-related issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) has formally declared COVID-19 as an international emergency case. As a result, Kuala Lumpur was the most affected state in Malaysia as of 12 July 2020, followed by Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Johor. Regardless of the infection chain ratio, the favorable cases in each affected state of Malaysia are rising every day. The Malaysian Government attempted to split the infection chain ratio affected by COVID-19 via the lockdown definition. The research aims to use GIS software to analyze COVID-19's spatial trend distribution and temporal pattern analysis for human health. Geographic information systems (GIS) technologies have played a significant role in spatial information, spatial tracking of confirmed cases, active case, death, and discharge cases, and predicting the magnitude of the spread. Monitoring, evaluating, and planning using geospatial analysis are essential for controlling the spread of COVID-19 within the country
An Overview on Drug Evolution and Trials on Pandemic COVID-19 Infection
Get PDFThe disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2) is highly pathogenic and communicable infection, progressed in Wuhan city of China and then around the world. The Genomic investigations shows that phylogenetically SARS-CoV2 resembles the other SARS-like bat viruses, therefore bats were also considered as the possible potential reservoir for SARS-CoV2. COVID-19 pandemic has presented considerable challenges to public health care system at global scale. Novel COVID-19 virus is member of corona Viridae family. Drug evolution and alternative therapy has come in the focus prominently in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Although, clinical trials, also be in faster rate in all over the world. A number of drugs which were previously used against SARS-CoV-2 infection such as Remdesevir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Interferon beta-1b and Ribavirin, but they are being tested in randomised trials and show less prominent effects. In the review we summarized the latest research progress nationally and internationally on treatment and clinical trials of COVID-19 pandemics
Potential role of Curcumin against viral infections with a view on structure and pathogenesis of COVID-19
Get PDFA novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) is an enveloped, positive sense, single stranded RNA viruses of zoonotic origin caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, currently responsible for pandemic health crisis. Due to increasing mortality rate there is an immediate need to develop possible treatments and understand the mechanism through which virus can cause complications in human body. The review intended to provide link between natural product as treatment and COVID-19 disease. Therefore, this review summarizes the structure, pathogenesis as well as understanding the various role of curcumin as a treatment option for COVID-19 which includes: targeting viral entry to host cells, targeting viral replication, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. Hence, curcumin can be a potential treatment option for COVID-19 patients and this review also suggest that more clinical research and development is needed in order to prepare a new drug for emerging SARS-CoV-2
Distribution and Threats of Rufous-necked Hornbill (Aceros nipalensis) in Bhutan
Get PDFHornbills (Bucerolidae) have a huge bill with a casque on upper mandible in some species. The casque is smaller in female in some species. Rufous-necked Hornbill (Aceros nipalensis), which belongs to Bucerolidae family, is a big bird measuring 90-100 cm long, with around 150 cm wingspan and weighing somewhat between a and 4 kg (4.4 to 8.8 lb). They are found in the Indian Subcontinent, East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable in IUCN Red List, Appendix II of CITES and Schedule I (totally protected wild animals) species in Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan, 1995. It has high forest dependency and is mostly found between the altitude of 150 and 2,200 meters. Rufous-necked Hornbill mostly feeds on berries, drupes, fruits of Lauraceae spp., Moraceae spp., Annonaceae spp. and Meliaceae spp. In Bhutan, Rufous-necked Hornbill is reported from Samtse, Chhukha, Trashigang, Zhemgang, Monggar, Samdrup Jongkhar, Sarpang Districts, along Punatshang Chhu, and mostly from Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks. Though being vulnerable in nature and ecologically important species, it is poorly studied and documented in Bhutan. Therefore, this paper aimed to review published secondary sources related to Rufous-necked Hornbill in Bhutan. The result showed that there were no illegal killings of species in Bhutan. Habitats are threatened because of timber extraction, road construction, clearing of forest for power transmission lines and dying of nest trees
COVID-19: A Compendium of SARS-CoV-2 Invasion and Host Defense
Get PDFCorona Virus Disease (COVID-19) caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 has spread like a wildfire, causing respiratory distress in humans at an alarming rate since its inception at Wuhan, China in December 2019. The mortality rate is 2-3%, causing more complications in elderly people, males with pre-existing medical conditions like diabetes, asthma, cardiac anomalies. Self-isolation is the best strategy to effectively contain the virus and prevent the spread. Like the SARS and MERS outbreaks in previous decades, this transmission has also been from animals to humans. However, due to novel alterations in spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 has a high affinity towards host cell Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2) receptor, which has allowed for its rapid human to human transmission. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to gain knowledge about the virus in detail and our own immune system proficiency in combating the infection. In the present review, we focus on the genomic and proteomic features of SARS-CoV-2, the infection mechanism and immune response of the host to the virus along with potential therapeutic interventions. Understanding the crux of infection will aid in devising therapeutic strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic