AIJR Preprints
Not a member yet
188 research outputs found
Sort by
Reconsidering Traditional Medicinal Plants to Combat COVID-19
Full text linkCOVID – 19 is a deadly disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that is rapidly spreading across the globe and causing many fatalities. WHO (World Health Organization) has declared this disease as pandemic. Currently the disease has no treatment available in the form of medicine or vaccine. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine, been practiced in India for nearly 5000 years and relies majorly on plants for its formulations. These herbal formulations and immunity boosters may show us the path to come up with a broad-spectrum antiviral product, which is the need of the hour. In this review, we have selected plants like Phyllanthus spp., Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Withania somnifera with reported antiviral properties. While others like Tinospora cordifolia and Emblica officinalis that have immunity boosting properties. The exact mechanisms of action for all the plants may not be clear as per modern medicine, but their history of safe use is in place
Marine Algae as a Natural Source for Antiviral Compounds
Full text linkCoronavirus or COVID-19 is started from the China, Wuhan city in December 2019 and soon later, spread around 190 countries and declared as pandemic on March 11, 2020 by WHO. Healthcare systems all over the world are fighting against this pandemic. Most of the countries are lockdown for uncertain periods to protect their people from this pandemic as a result the world economy is struggling to cope up with the current situation. Several countries have conducted research studies to produce vaccine or antiviral drug but there is still no specific solution for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 infection in general. Along with other treatment methods, many countries are fuelling their demand for antiviral compounds from natural resources due to coronavirus. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are excellent source of antiviral activity. Several cyclic or linear peptides and depsipeptides isolated from cyanobacteria are protease inhibitors, which is considered as significant antiviral candidate. Micro and macroalgae were one of the first sources of natural compounds showing in vitro anti-HIV activity. Numerous in vitro or in vivo studies has shown the potential of algae against wild range of viruses. The use of natural products in the manufacturing of drugs is an ancient and well-established practice. Marine microorganisms are known producers of pharmacological and anti-viral agents and may provide unlimited biological resources to produce therapeutic drugs for the treatment and control of viral diseases in humans. Our major intention to write this review to bring world’s attention in terms of public health and public policy practices across the world to grab an opportunity from this known healthcare practices, and conventional platform to produce vaccine or antiviral medicine to overcome COID-19
Key Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Available Therapies for COVID-19
Full text linkThe disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2) is highly pathogenic and communicable infection, progressed in Wuhan city of China and then goes viral around the globe. The Genomic investigations exposed that Phylogenetically SARS-CoV2 resembles the other SARS-like bat viruses, therefore bats were also considered as the possible potential reservoir for SARS-CoV2. There are 2 prevalent types of SARS-CoV2, L type (~70%) and S type (~30%).The L strains are considered more infectious and virulent than the ancestral S strain. The positive sense single-stranded RNA genetic material contains 29891 nucleotides which codes for 9860 amino acids. The ORF1a/b is involved in carrying the translation of two (2) polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab as well as the encoding of 16 NSPs (Non-structural proteins), and the leftover ORFS can bring about the encoding of non-essential and structural proteins. The origination source and transmission to humankinds is still not clear, but the intermediate hosts are supposed to have a significant role in the transfer and emergence of SARS-CoV2 from bats to humans. There is still no approved drug or vaccine available for Covid-19. In the current review, we condense and fairly evaluate the emergence and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Moreover, we also discuss the treatment and vaccine developments strategies for Covid-19
Stochastic Modelling and Simulation of SIR Model for COVID-2019 Epidemic Outbreak in India
Full text linkCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China, at the end of December 2019. As of July 26, 2020, 16258353 COVID-19 cases were confirmed worldwide, including 649848 deaths. The spread of COVID-19 is currently very high. Under the classical SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model, epidemiological data for India up to 26th July 2020 were used to forecast the COVID-19 outbreak. For controlling the spreading of the virus, we have to prepare for precaution and futuristic calculation for infection spreading. We used the data from the COVID-2019 Outbreak of India on July 26th, 2020 in this report. In these results, for the initial level of experimental intent, we used 16291331 susceptible cases, 481248 infectious cases, and 910298 rewards / removed cases. Through the aid of the SIR model, data on a wide range of infectious diseases have been analyzed. SIR model is one of the most effective models which can predict the spreading rate of the virus. We have validated the model with the current spreading rate with this SIR model. The findings of the SIR model can be used to forecast transmission and avoid the outbreak of COVID-2019 in India. The results of the study will shed light on understanding the outbreak patterns and indicate those regions' epidemiological points. Finally, from this study, we have found that the outbreak of the COVID-2019 epidemic in India will be at its peak on 09 August 2020 and after that, it will work slowly and on the verge of ending in the second or third week of November 2020
An Overview of Prophylacticand Curative Approach for COVID-19 in Unani System of Medicine and Need of Development of the SOPs
Full text linkCOVID-19 also known as Novel Corona Virus Pneumonia, is a viral disease caused by novel corona virus. The infection is highly contagious in nature and spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. According to Unani System of Medicine, epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 like fever, cough, tiredness, sore throat, running nose, nasal congestion, difficulty in breathing, etc. are similar to Nazla-e-wabai (Epidemic Influenza) up to a great extent.On the basis of fundamental approach for living a healthy lifestyle and preventive measures during epidemic spread mentioned in classical Unani texts, some standard operating procedures (SOPs) are suggested for prophylactic and curative purpose in the management of COVID-19 pandemic
Cognitive Assessment in Asymptomatic COVID-19 Subjects
Full text linkBackground
Neurological features of COVID-19 have been reported in addition to the respiratory manifestations, but cognitive dysfunction has been scarcely described. And cognitive assessment has not been studied in asymptomatic subjects.
Method
We compared the cognitive assessment scores between asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects with that of controls to detect mild cognitive impairment by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test.
Result
Asymptomatic COVID-19 subjects secured lower scores in certain domains of the MoCA in comparison with the controls. The domains were visuoperception
(2.4±0.7 vs2.8±0.7, p=0.032), naming (3.6±0.5 vs3.9±0.2, p=0.016) and fluency (0.9±0.6 vs1.6±0.7, p=<0.001). Also, older aged COVID-19 positive subjects scored lower in the MoCA when compared to the younger people.
Conclusion
Our study shows that even otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19 subjects have cognitive deficits in certain subdomains and suggests the need for a detailed psychometric assessment especially in the elderly population
Power performance analysis of PV module with dc to dc buck converter
No full textThe power performance of PV module with dc-dc buck converter for photovoltaic energy application has been analyzed in this paper. Since the solar module produces DC voltage at various levels depending on irradiance variation, it is needed to connect a DC-DC converter to adjust the level of DC voltage at a certain level. The power output has been investigated by MATLAB simulation. To improve the output power PID control is used. From the simulation it has been observed that around 13.85 watts more output power can be extracted if PID control is used
Mineral and phytochemical composition of Cleome gynandra methanolic extract
No full textThe study was done to evaluate the mineral and phytochemical composition of the methanolic extract of Cleome gynandra (spider plant). The plant is used as a traditional vegetable in some communities in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The plant has also been reported to have some medicinal effect due to presence of phytochemicals but its phytochemical profile has not been fully established. Collection and authentication of the plant was done followed by extraction using methanol as a solvent. The phytochemical investigation was done using chemical analysis and Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) methods as per standard protocol. Cleome gynandra was found to contain some mineral compounds of nutritional importance and phytochemicals with potential medicinal importance. The phytochemicals analyzed include saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, terpanoids and polyphenols. This different phytochemicals can be further studied and their potential medicinal importance analyzed. The study concluded that Cleome gynandra contains phytochemicals with potentially important medicinal value. The plant (Cleome gynandra) can also be used as an important nutritional source of some essential nutrients like Vitamin C and beta carotene. It can also be a good source of some mineral elements like iron, selenium, cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese. This can be important for families in rural areas and for the low income households in both rural and urban areas