Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
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Comparative Evaluation of Full Pulpotomy vs. Root Canal Therapy in Cariously Exposed Permanent Teeth
Get PDFThe need to find biologically conservative but effective treatment options in cariously exposed permanent teeth has led to an increasing interest in comparing full pulpotomy versus root canal therapy. The full pulpotomy is the procedure in which the coronal pulp is removed and the bioactive materials are laid over the remaining radicular pulp in order to maintain its vitality and functioning. The traditional therapy, root canal therapy, is a method that is guaranteed to eliminate all pulp tissue and prevent periapical disease in the long-term. Recent findings indicate that full pulpotomy may yield similar clinical and radiographic success rates to root canal treatment in selective cases, and has the added advantages of decreased treatment time, lower cost and maintenance of tooth biomechanics. But, selection of the cases, the experience of the operators, and the follow-up in the long term are also the keys to its success. Root canal therapy continues to provide predictable outcomes, particularly in cases of irreversible pulp damage. This comparative evaluation highlights that full pulpotomy represents a promising, minimally invasive alternative, but further robust clinical studies are essential to establish its long-term reliability
Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Growth Pattern Forecasting in Mixed Dentition Using Skeletal Maturation Signals
Get PDFAccurate prediction of craniofacial growth during the mixed dentition phase is critical for timely orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, yet conventional methods rely heavily on clinician experience and static growth indicators. This study presents an artificial intelligence–driven framework for autonomous growth pattern forecasting in mixed dentition using skeletal maturation signals. Multimodal data, including cephalometric radiographs, hand–wrist or cervical vertebral maturation indicators, and clinical parameters, are integrated into machine learning and deep learning models to capture nonlinear growth dynamics. The proposed approach enables automated identification of skeletal maturity stages and individualized prediction of future growth trajectories. Model performance is evaluated using accuracy, robustness, and clinical agreement metrics, demonstrating improved predictive consistency compared to traditional assessment methods. By reducing subjectivity and enhancing early decision-making, this AI-based system supports precision orthodontics and proactive intervention during critical growth periods. The findings highlight the potential of intelligent, data-driven tools to transform growth assessment and personalized care in orthodontics
Antimicrobial Profile of Bacterial Isolates from Patients with Acute Otitis Media in Hadhramout-Yemen
Get PDFAbstract
Acute Otitis Media (AOM) becomes challenges especially in resource constrained countries because it is commonly associated with bacteria that have multiple drug resistance. This study was aimed to identify bacterial agents of AOM and determine their antimicrobial patterns.
Methods: Hundred ear swabs were collected from patients who attended the outpatient’s clinics of Ear Nose Throat in Mukalla city, Hadramout, Yemen, during the period from August 2021 till March 2022, the samples were diagnosed phenotypically, then their antibiogram was evaluated by Bauer-Kirby method.
Results: The prevalence of acute otitis media was 60%. The most common isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31.7%), Proteus mirabilis (13.3%), Escherichia coli (5%), Klebsiella pneumonia (3.3%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.7%). The antibiogram showed that Levofloxacin was the most effective agent against all isolates, followed by Ciprofloxacin with rate of %100, 63.3%, 62.5%, 66.7%, 73.7% for Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, Pseudomonas mirabilis and Escherichia coli respectively, while Streptococcus pneumonia was resistant to it. All isolates were resistant to Cephalexin, Ceftazidime and Aztreonam (100%), while Streptococcus pneumonia was sensitive to Cephalexin. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated seven resistant patterns of the isolates.
Conclusion: The isolation rate of bacteria in samples of AOM is still high and combined with substantial resistance rate among bacterial isolates of AOM to the antibiotics under study. The high resistance rate reflects the widespread abuse of antimicrobial agents in our community, emphasizing the need for strict antimicrobial control measures and updating the empirical antimicrobial prescription guideline
Thermal Stress Induced Lipidogenic Changes in The Testis and Ovaries of The Silkworm Hybrids and Their Economic Parameters
Get PDFIn the present era Silkworm Bombyx mori L, a very important economical insect and backbone of the silk industry, is fully reliant on humans for its life cycle. In India, the tropical climate prevails in most of the sericulture belt, where temperature goes beyond the ambient during summer, adversely affecting the silkworm rearing relating to qualitative and quantitative traits. In order to investigate the environmental stress, effect of Thermal Stress (TS) on silkworm, Bombyx mori organs and its quantitative traits, an experiment was conducted using different breeds, PM × CSR2 (Crossbreed) and FC1 × FC2 (Double hybrid) in male and female larvae. Further, 5th instar silkworm male and female larvae were exposed to 35±1˚C temperature and the lipidogenic consistent changes in testis and ovaries was observed compared to unexposed batches, which was noticed higher temperature on lipid content of testis and ovaries was reduced. With respect to quantitative traits, larvae exhibit the differentiation in male and female silkworm. It has been noticed that, female silkworm larvae showed comparatively increased trend rather than male individuals as well as hybrids exhibited upward trend response to the higher temperature when compared to crossbreed. This finding provide a better understanding of cellular protective mechanisms against environmental stress (high temperature) and gives knowledge about effect and significance difference between the lipidogenic and quantitative changes in male and female larvae of different breeds.
 
A Multi-epitope Peptide Vaccine Design Against Neisseria Gonorrhoeae: An In Silico Approach
No full textintroduction: One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases is gonorrhea. The World Health Organization has identified gonorrhea as a major public health problem in the world and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported gonorrhea as the second most important bacterial infection in the United States. The increasing antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to conventional antibiotics has necessitated efforts to identify alternative strategies.
Methods: The amino acid sequences of five selected proteins were extracted from NCBI protein database. The appropriate epitopes were extracted by NetCTL, IEDB, and ABCpred for T and B cells. These epitopes were joined by suitable linkers, and the amino acid sequence of 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 was added as an adjuvant. AlgPred and ANTIGENpro were used to evaluate the antigenicity and allergenicity. EXPASY was used for physicochemical properties evaluation. The secondary and third structures were predicted by PSIPRED, Phyre2, and Raptor X. ClusPro was used for the molecular docking process and GROMACS used for molecular dynamics simulations.
Results: The designed vaccine had high antigenicity, no allergenicity, good half-life, suitable epitopes for B and T cells, appropriate physicochemical properties, and high stability. The adjuvant sequence on the vaccine had high binding strength for TLR-4, and the vaccine-TLR-4 complex had satisfactory results in molecular dynamics simulation.
Conclusion: Given to the good immunogenicity of the designed vaccine and its high binding score for TLR-4, and its satisfactory stability, it can be used for further evaluation in the laboratory
Influence of Root Canal Irrigation Protocol on Sealer Penetration into Dentinal Tubules
Get PDFEffective elimination of microbes, dentin disinfection, and fluid-tight seal of the prepared canal system are the determiningfactors in the long-term success of the root canal therapy. Although mechanical instrumentation has a major role in canalformation, it will inevitably result in a smear layer which blocks dentinal tubules hindering the absorption of endodonticsealers. Intrusion of the sealers into such tubules is regarded as a favorable effect, which advances mechanical interlocking,decreases microleakage, and leads to bacterial entrapment. The irrigation protocol that is used in the course of root canalpreparation is a very critical one that defines the dentinal tubule openness and sealer penetration.Sodium hypochlorite is the most common irrigant in dissolving organic tissues and antimicrobial action, however, itfails to act on the inorganic part of the smear layer. The removal of this inorganic fraction can be successfully done usingchelating agents like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid, and this increases the tubule exposure.Moreover, the order and process of delivery of irrigation such as syringe irrigation process, negative pressure, ultrasonicor sonic agitation, and laser activation have a significant impact on irrigant penetration and cleanliness. Concurrentapplication of sodium hypochlorite and a chelating agent especially when advanced agitation methods are used has beenrepeatedly proved to enhance sealer penetration.The physicochemical characteristics of sealers are also important, in terms of viscosity, flow, setting time and interactionwith the dentin substrate. Epoxy resin based and bioceramic sealers exhibit increased tubular penetration over traditionalzinc oxide-eugenol based formulations particularly in the event of optimal irrigation being undertaken.In summary, irrigation protocols have a great effect on the level of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules, for which theresultant effect is on the quality of root canal seal and the long-term outcomes of the treatment
Patient-Centered Outcomes in Endodontics: Does the Irrigation System Impact Postoperative Pain?
Get PDFThe importance of patient-centered outcomes in endodontics has been on the rise, and postoperative pain is considered to be among the most appropriate tools of measuring treatment success. The systems and methods of activation of irrigation have a significant role in cleaning and disinfecting the root canal system but can also contribute to postoperative discomfort due to factors like extrusion of debris, penetration of irrigant and periapical irritation. This review examines the association between irrigation systems such as conventional syringe irrigation, ultrasonic and sonic activation, laser-activated irrigation and negative pressure system and postoperative pain after root canal therapy. The randomized clinical trials have shown evidence that activated irrigation techniques, especially negative pressure and some laser or ultrasonic techniques, correlate with low levels of pain in the early postoperative period as opposed to the traditional needle irrigation. Nevertheless, the disparity in the results of pain are likely to decrease with time and the inconsistency in the study procedures further underscores the necessity of additional standardized clinical studies. The effects of irrigation strategies on patient-centered outcomes can inform clinicians to choose methods that effectively disinfect, as well as, increase patient comfort and experience, in general, of the treatment
Floating Drug Delivery System: A New Approach
Get PDFFloating drug delivery system (FDDS) helps to improve the buoyancy property of the drug over the gastric fluids andhence maintain the longer duration of action. The aim of the present study is on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS)was to compile the recent literature with particular focus on the main floating mechanism to achieve gastric retention.Floating multi-particulate are gastro-retentive drug delivery systems which are based on non-effervescent and effervescentapproach. This type of drug delivery method would have comparatively less side effect and would eliminate the needfor repeated dosages
A Evaluation the effect of ginseng plant root extract on complications of Azathioprine on ovarian follicles and TSH, LH and Progesterone hormones in rats
No full textBackground: The search for herbal remedies has gained significant attention due to the potential harmful side effects associated with chemical drugs. Finding plants that can mitigate these adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the well-being of individuals undergoing chemical drug treatments.
Aim: Numerous studies have demonstrated the potent antioxidant properties of ginseng. Azathioprine, a widely used drug, has been shown to induce detrimental side effects on various body tissues. Thus, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of ginseng in reducing the harmful effects of azathioprine on ovarian tissue.
Materials and Methods: In this study, mice were divided into different groups and injected with ginseng root extract along with azathioprine. Ovarian weight and histological analysis were conducted to evaluate the number of ovarian follicles and corpus luteum. Furthermore, the levels of FSH, LH, and progesterone in the blood of the study groups were assessed using ELISA.
Results: In treatment group 4 (ginseng extract and azathioprine), compared to treatment group 2 (azathioprine only), a significant increase in the weight of both left and right ovaries was observed. Treatment group 4 also exhibited a notable increase (P<0.05) in the number of primordial, primary, and atretic follicles. The concentration of progesterone significantly increased in treatment group 4 compared to treatment group 2 (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that azathioprine can have destructive effects on ovarian tissues, while ginseng extract demonstrates potential in reducing these detrimental side effects. Furthermore, ginseng extract appears to positively regulate FSH and progesterone hormones
Periodontal–Pulpal Interface Healing Following Vital Pulp Therapy Using Calcium-Silicate Bioceramics
Get PDFForensic endodontics relies on the unique anatomical features of teeth, particularly root canal morphology, to assist in individual identification. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) offer powerful tools to analyze complex dental patterns; however, the “black-box” nature of many AI models limits their applicability in legal and forensic contexts. This study explores the development of explainable AI (XAI) models designed to link root canal configurations to individual dental identities. By integrating high-resolution dental imaging data with interpretable machine learning approaches, the proposed framework not only achieves accurate pattern recognition but also provides transparent insights into model decisions, enabling forensic practitioners to validate and justify identification outcomes. The findings demonstrate that XAI can bridge the gap between advanced computational analysis and forensic accountability, offering a robust, ethical, and legally defensible methodology for dental identification