International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
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A comparative study of Pattern of male Sexual dysfunction in OCD and Depression, its correlation with serum testosterone level
Get PDFBackground:-sexual dysfunction is prevalent in mental disorders both in drug naïve or on psychotropics. Sexual dysfunction in drug naïve mental disorders is understudied, sexual dysfunction is associated with low serum testosterone level but correlation in mental disorder is not well studied. Aim:- assess and compare the pattern of sexual dysfunction among male OCD and depressive patients attending at psychiatric department ofSMS medical college Jaipur and its correlation with serum testosterone level. Methods:- total 80participants in each group of OCD ,Depression and Healthy control , diagnosed by ICD-10 ,participated in the study after informed consent. Arizona sexual experience scale (ASEX) was applied for sexual dysfunction. Serum testosterone level was measured by laboratory test. After data collection,data analyzed by SPSS software. Results:- Total 240 responses were recorded. Sexual dysfunction reported in OCD and Depression were 39% and 46% respectively.Decreased sex drive was most common sexual dysfunctions.Depressive patients have slightly higher desire dysfunction.Significant comparison reported on comparing severity of disease in between patients with or without sexual dysfunction. Mean serum testosterone level was slightly lower in both OCD and depression than control. Serum testosterone significantly negatively correlated with sexual dysfunction in both OCD and Depression group. Conclusion:- our study concluded that sexually dysfunctions is frequently seen in drug naïve OCD and Depression patients. Our study also show significant negative correlation of sexual dysfunction with serum testosterone level in OCD and Depression, though correlation was not strong
Comparative Study between Dexamethasone and Tramadol As an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine Vs Ropivacaine Alone In USG Guided Supraclavicular Block in Upper Limb Surgeries
Get PDFBackground: Brachial plexus block provides superior quality of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia and stable hemodynamics over general anesthesia. Various adjuvants have been used to prolong effects of local anesthetics like epinephrine, midazolam, magnesium sulfate, alpha-2 agonists i.e. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone and tramadol. Aims & Objective: To compare the efficacy of tramadol and dexamethasone on the characteristics of the block and its effect on postoperative analgesia when added as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in USGguided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Materials & Methods: Eighty patients belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I, II and III, aged between 20 to 55 years, scheduled for undergo elective upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were enrolled in this study. Patients were equally divided into two groups : group S received 0.5% ropivacaine 30ml with Dexamethasone 2ml (8mg) and tramadol 2ml (100 mg) And group C received 0.5% ropivacaine 30ml with + normal saline 4ml. Onset and duration of sensory and motor block , duration of postoperative analgesia and any complications were observed. Results: In our study both groups were comparable with respect to their demographic profile of patients, duration of surgery and ASA status. Onset of sensory block was earlier in group S than group C (3.15 ± 0.69 minutes and 7.55± 0.89 minutes respectively, p =0.004). Onset and duration of motor block and postoperat ive analgesia were longer in group S as compared to group C (5.01± 1.33 & 12.32± 0.75 minutes respectively, P= 0.001 and 14.44± 0.635 and 8.24± 0.873hours respectively, p =0.001 for motor block and 16.53± 0.635 and 10.45 ± 0.681 minutes respectively, p= 0.001for postoperative analgesia). No ignificant side effects were noted. Conclusion: Dexamethasone and tramadol when added to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus lock prolongs onset and duration of sensory and motor block and postoperative analgesia significantly with minimal side effects
An Observational study of antibiotics uses in dermatology- A Prescription Survey
Get PDFBackground: Skin diseases of microbial etiology are caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and ectoparasites of which bacterial infections are most common than others. Although many bacteria reside on skin, they are unable to establish infection because of the natural defense mechanisms. Most of the bacterial infections are caused by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Antibiotic resistance among the micro-organisms is developing due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics and irrational prescription of drugs. Aim: To study and analyze various aspects of prescription pattern of antibiotics use in dermatology. Methods: A prospective analysis of 291 in-patients admitted in the Department of Dermatology was carried out to analyze the usage of antibiotics through various routes to treat infections associated with dermatological disorders. Results: Among the study population, 60.48% were male and 39.51% were female. We found that out of 29 diseases observed, most common skin disease diagnosed was psoriasis (24.82%), followed by eczema (24.82%). The average number of drugs per prescription was 6.37±2.06. Oral antibiotics were mostly prescribed than parenteral and topical formulations among the study population. Among the oral antibiotics, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (29.6%) was widely prescribed. In the context of parenteral formulations, cefotaxime (38.92%) was majorly prescribed. Among the topical antibiotics, mupirocin (60.71%) was mostly used. Conclusion: Our study provided an idea about the prevalence of dermatological disorders, the drug utilization strategy of antibiotics, the rationality behind usage and has given useful suggestions to achieve treatment success through judicious use of antibiotics
A prospective study of clinicopathology and management of carcinoma breast
Get PDFIntroduction: Breast cancer is the most common site-specific cancer in women and it is one of the leading cause of death from cancer for women between 20-59 years age group and it is accounting for 29% of all newly diagnosed cases and 14% of cancer related death among women. Breast cancer accounts for the mortality of 21.5% of all cancer cases, ranking number one killer in women. Materials and Methods The data used in the study was obtained from the K.V.G Medical Collage Hospital, Sullia who were presented to the surgery department with carcinoma breast from December 2017 to June 2019. A total of 100 cases were evaluated at this study period. Results: 100 cases of breast cancer were studied for emphasizing the risk factors and management of breast cancer. Most common age group of presentation is between 50-59 years and mean age was 52.7 years. Majority of our patients had early menarche, late menopause and longer reproductive period was associated with high risk of breast cancer. Most common presentation was lump in the breast with tumor size >5cm (64%).62% of patients were in the stage III when they presented to the hospital. Majority of patients were diagnosed as infiltrating ductal carcinoma on FNAC and histology. All patients underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and postoperatively patients received Chemotherapy (CT) and Hormonal therapy (HT). Conclusion: Stage III due to lack of awareness about the disease. MRM, CT and HT are the various modalities of treatment given to the patient depending on the stage of disease
Prevalence of cervical spine degenerative changes in elderly population and its weak association with again neck pain and osteoporosis
Get PDFBackground: Pain in the neck region is a serious public health issue, both in terms of individual health and overall well-being, as well as the financial costs connected with it .The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to explore the aetiology of neck discomfort is prevalent; however, the link between MRI findings of cervical spine degenerative changes and neck complaints is not well defined.Asymptomatic people, especially those over the age of 40, are more likely to have cervical degenerative results. In asymptomatic individuals, the frequency and range of cervical spine degenerative findings are likewise substantially age-dependent. Aim: To evaluate prevalence of cervical spine degenerative changes in elderly population and its weak association with again neck pain and osteoporosis. Methods: T2 weighted sagittal MR images of the cervical spine were obtained in 391 males (mean age: 82.9±3.83) and 261 females (mean age: 83.6±5.38) from a general population sample. Degenerative alterations were classified after images were evaluated. The participants were divided into two groups: younger (group A, under 80 years old) and older (group B, over 80 years old). The question for neck discomfort was structured as follows: "Have you had any neck pain in the last 12 months?" The hip bone mineral density (BMD) of 391 males and 261 females was also assessed. Results: At least one degenerative alteration was found in 97.3 percent of the individuals at one or more vertebral levels. The highest overall frequency of degenerative alterations was found at the C5/6 level. Females were more likely than males to develop degenerative alterations. Degenerative findings were more common or more severe in the older female group than in the younger group. Neck pain was experienced by 12.5 percent of males and 23.7 percent of females, with male respondents having a somewhat higher prevalence of cervical degenerative alterations. There was a weak link between osteoporosis and a higher prevalence of high signal in the spinal cord and stenosis in the spinal canal. Conclusions: Females' cervical spine degenerative alterations were more age-dependent than males'. Neck pain and osteoporosis were found to be weakly linked to a higher incidence of cervical degenerative alterations
Assessment of laryngoscopy and intubation using Macintosh direct laryngoscope and Video laryngoscope for nasotracheal intubation in maxillofacial surgeries
Get PDFBackground and Aims: Surgeries for maxillofacial fractures or removal of oral tumors we need nasotracheal intubation because it provides uninterrupted view for the surgery. To make nasotracheal intubation easier in cases of maxillofacial trauma, different types of video laryngoscopes have been developed. we compared the efficacy of the Truview EVO2 video laryngoscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope in patients with maxillofacial surgeries. Considering the Cormack and Lehane grading, Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) score and total time taken for intubation. Metarials and Methods : Randomized controlled trial was conducted in sixty patients of ASA grade I and II ,posted for orofacial and ENT surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups,in order to find better laryngoscope require for nasotrachel intubation for elective surgery undergoing in general anesthesia. Results: Laryngoscopy with Truview EVO2 video laryngoscope showed better intubating conditions during intubation in comparision with Macintosh laryngoscope. Conclusion: For nasotracheal intubation, Truview EVO2 video laryngoscope provides better layngoscopic view as compared to Macintosh laryngoscope
A prospective study of haematological parameters in neonatal sepsis
Get PDFIntroduction: Neonatal sepsis is defined as a clinical syndrome ofbacteraemia with systemic signs and symptoms of infectionin the first 4 weeks of life. When pathogenic bacteria gainaccess into the blood stream, they may cause overwhelminginfection without much localization or may getpredominantly localized to the lung or the meninges. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done in the departments of Department of Pathology, Hazaribag Medical College, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India from July 2019 to July 2020. A total of 220 neonates in the department of pediatrics and neonatology were included in the study. Informed consent was taken from the parents of all the neonates. Taking all aseptic precautions, 2 ml of blood was withdrawn from suspected neonates within 24 h of admission. One milliliter of sample was anticoagulated with EDTA and using Sysmex XS-800i automated hematology analyzer, values of TLC and platelet count were noted and counter checked. Another 1 ml of blood was collected in red Vacutainer and allowed to rest for 30 min. It was then centrifuged and the serum was obtained for CRP estimation. Results: A total of 220 neonates were classified into three categories, sepsis (n=92), probable infection (n=44), and normal (n=84), based on the clinical examination and laboratory findings. The total number of culture positive cases was 92 (41.84%) and culture was bacteriologically negative in 128 (58.18%) cases.The total number of preterm babies was 124 (56.36%) while 96 (43.63%) were term babies. Preterm babies were more affected by sepsis than term babies. There were 132 (60%) males and 88 (40%) females. Conclusion: Diagnosis of neonatal septicemia may be difficult as the early signs of sepsis may be subtle and different at different gestational ages. The HSS is a simple, quick, and cost-effective tool which can be used as screening test for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. It is applicable to all infants, including those who have received antibiotic therapy before evaluation and simplifies the interpretation of hematologic profile
Clinical trends of intraocular inflammation in tertiary health centre
Get PDFAim: To study the clinical pattern of uveitis and its systemic associations in a tertiary care health centre. Methods: This cross sectional, observational study was done on 250 patients with intraocular inflammation presenting to the ophthalmology department from May 2019 to May 2020.Data regarding demographic profile, anatomical location, clinical features and etiology of the disease was collected and analyzed. Thorough systemic and local examination was done and tailored laboratory investigations were advised to find systemic associations of uveitis. Results: Two hundred fifty patients with the intraocular inflammation were examined. The mean age of presentation was 38.3±17.7 years, with most patients belonging to the age group of 20-40 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.2. Most patients (87.6%) had unilateral disease with acute onset presentation in 81.6%. Anterior uveitis was most common (79.6%) anatomical type and non-granulomatous was most common (93.2%) pathological type. Disease was idiopathic in most (60.4%) cases. Infectious etiology was found in 8.8% cases and non-infectious in 30.8% cases. Most common identifiable causes weretrauma (21.7%) in anterior uveitis, tuberculosis (18.18%) in posterior uveitis, and Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome (36.36%) in panuveitis. Conclusion: The pattern of uveitis shows great variation depending upon geographical and environmental factors. This study concluded that uveitis predominantly occurred in young adults with acute presentation being the most frequent. The most common anatomical type was anterior uveitis and pathological type was non – granulomatous. Aspecific aetiology could be identified in only 39.6% cases
Prevalence of Hypertension and its determinants among adults in a rural community of Koppal, Karnataka
Get PDFBackground: Globally, Hypertension emerged as the major public health problem in the recent decades owing to demographic transition, increased urbanization and cultivation of unhealthy lifestyles. Hypertension is the single largest contributor to the avoidable deaths and diseases in India. Objectives:1.To estimate the prevalence of Hypertension among adults in the study setting and 2.To determine various factors associated with Hypertension. Methods: A cross sectional community-based study was conducted in the field practice area of PHC, Irkalagada, Koppal for a duration of 3 months from September 2019 to November 2019. Cluster sampling technique was used for sample selection and a total of 629 adults were included. Data collection was done using pretested and semi structured questionnaire; BP measurement and anthropometric measurements were taken using standard techniques. Statistical analysis was done using WHO Epi info software version 3.5.4. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among adults was found to be 131 (20.82%) in the present study. The study found significant association between prevalence of hypertension and Age, Body mass index, Waist to hip ratio, Alcohol consumption, Smoking and Physical activity of the study participants.Conclusion: The present study revealed that the burden of hypertension among adults is high in the study setting and identifies multiple risk factors for effective planning of interventions
A study of anemia prevalence and its socio-demographic characteristics among adolescent girls in Jabalpur District (Madhya Pradesh)
Get PDFBackground – the current research was planned to appraise the prevalence of anemia and its socio-demographic characteristics among adolescent girls in 10-19 years of age group in Jabalpur District (Madhya Pradesh). Method – this was a community based cross sectional study conducted among 200 adolescent girls who willing to participate. The age group was 10 to 19 years grouped into two parts, 10- 14 years and 15 to 19 years of age group. As per questionnaire dietary history was taken. As per the Hemoglobin Color Scale (HCS), the assessments of anemia status were carried out. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics chi square and T test were used for the inferential statistics. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result- the prevalence of anemia among the adolescent girls in the age group 10-14 years was 56.4% were as 46% in the age group 15-19 years. Anemia was found highly significant (p<0.05) in relation to education, parents occupation, socioeconomic status BMI etc. in addition to this it is strongly associated with birth order, amount and days of menstrual blood flow (p<0.05). Conclusion- In adolescent girl’s anemia is highly prevalent. Logistic regression reveals that low education, low nutritional intake, occupation, heavy blood flow during menses etc are strongly associated with anemia in 10-19 years of girl’s age group