International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
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Covid-19 associated coagulopathy with comparison of platelet parameters, PT, aPTT and D-Dimer in ICU and Ward patients
Full text linkBackground: SARS-COV2 is the third known corona virus responsible for fatal respiratory illness in humans. Emerging evidence suggested that severe COVID-19 may be complicated with coagulopathy. These coagulation parameters help in assisting the prognosis of the disease and in optimization of its clinical monitoring. Aims: To assess and compare the coagulation parameters (platelet parameters, PT, aPTT, D-dimer) amongst ward and ICU patients of COVID-19 disease. Settings and Design: The present study was Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Materials and Methods: This study included 220 COVID-19 positive cases (110 ICU and 110 Ward) at a tertiary care hospital. Tests were done for platelet parameters, PT, aPTT and D-Dimer in ICU and Ward patients. Statistical analysis used: The presentation of the Categorical variables was done in the form of number and percentage (%). The quantitative data were presented as means ± SD and as median with 25th and 75th percentiles (interquartile range). Results: In this study, we compared coagulation parameters (Platelet count, PT, aPTT, D dimer) of 110 ICU and 110 Ward covid-19 patients. We found that PT, aPTT, platelets, PDW cv and PCT between Covid ICU and ward patients had no significant difference (p value>0.05). Patients admitted to ICU had higher D-dimer level and decreased platelet count. There was clear significant difference in levels of D- dimer, platelet count and MPV between two groups (ICU and ward, p value<0.05). Conclusion: It is clear that alterations in the coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients are strongly disturbed and signify the disease progression, severity and mortality
Low Health Literacy (LHL): A Devious Enemy of Patient Treatment Adherence
Full text linkPeople must have particular personality traits and social resources, also known as health literacy, in order to access, comprehend, and use information to make decisions about their health. Patients' ability to engage in complex disease management and self-care is strongly related to their level of health literacy. It can help us stay healthy by preventing illness and effectively managing existing illnesses. People with low health literacy (LHL) may find it difficult to manage their condition and prevent illness, which may lead to increased use of healthcare services. Furthermore, LHL is associated with increased hospitalizations, increased use of emergency care, decreased use of preventative services, and a worsened ability to understand labels and health messages, a worsened state of health, higher mortality, and more expensive medical care
Medicinal Plants: Nature’s Prodigy for Hyperuricemia and its related Upshot
Full text linkUric acid formation occurs both endogenously and exogenously in the liver, intestines, and blood vessel endothelium when injured, dying, and dead cells transform the nucleic acids adenine and guanine into uric acid. Atypically high levels of uric acid in the blood, or Hyperuricemia, can cause gout and arthritis. Over the past few years, hyperuricemia has become increasingly prevalent. Various studies reported that the increased level of uric acid in blood is not only associated with gout but also may contributory factor for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular death. There has been an emergent attention in uric acid because of the increased prevalence of hyperuricemia worldwide and its induced metabolic disorders. This review article summarizes various traditional plants and their chemical constituents utilized in the cure and treatment of elevated levels of uric acid and its repairable risk factors
Analysis of Ascitic Fluid Cytology by Cell Block in the Evaluation & Grading of Malignancy with Ki 67 Marker Study in a Tertiary Care Centre
Full text linkBackground: The cell block technique is one of the oldest methods, which is used for the evaluation of body cavity fluids. This method usually increases the yield of cellularity, gives better morphological details, and helps in improving the sensitivity of the diagnosis and grading of malignancy. Multiple sections were obtained from the prepared cell block for special stains and immunohistochemistry studies. Aim: Preparation of cell blocks of ascitic fluid in suspicious or confirmed cases of malignancy. Evaluation and grading of visceral malignancy in cell block using Ki 67 immunohistochemical marker by MIB index scoring system. Method: Cell blocks were prepared by the plasma thromboplastin method. Sections from the blocks were stained with H&E. Immunohistochemical staining with ki67 was done for selected cases and grading was done. Results: Out of 100 samples of ascitic fluid, 14 cases were malignant. The malignancy was graded by applying the ki67 marker by the MIB index scoring system. Conclusion: Cell block method is useful for the detection and grading of malignancy by applying immunohistochemistry
Evaluation of Dry Eye in Female Androgenic Alopecia Patients
Full text linkMaterials and methods: Twenty five left eyes of 25 female androgenetic alopecia patients (Group 1) and 25 left eyes of 25 age matched healthy female volunteers (Group 2) were enrolled in the study. The presence of dry eye was evaluated with the invasive tear film break-up time (T-BUT) & Schirmer 1 test. Results: The mean ages of Group 1 and Group 2 were 49.3 ± 7.6 (range, 39-59) and 50.8± 6.4(range, 39-60) years, respectively (P = 0.4). Mean T-BUT was statistically significantly lower in Group 1 (P = 0.01). Mean Schirmer 1 score was lower , but the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.2). Conclusion: Female androgenic alopecia and Meibomian gland dysfunction & dry eye have common pathogenesis in the form of alterations in sex hormones. Significant differences were detected in the results of dry eye tests between subjects with female androgenic alopecia and healthy control. Hence female androgenic alopecia patients should be examined for dry eye and should be treated to prevent serious consequences
Factor Affecting Visual Recovery in Pitutary Adenoma
Full text linkIntroduction: Pitutary adenomas account for 10-15% of all brain tumours, it is the third most frequently diagnosed brain tumour .The growing of pituitary tumors may compress the surrounding structures especially optic nerve, cause visual field defects including bitemporal hemianopia , visual disturbance. Aims and objective: To estimate the effect of factors affecting visual recovery in pituitary adenoma .Materials and method: this is a prospective, observational study will be conducted on patients of pituitary tumour admitted between January 2020 and January 2022 in the department of Neurosurgery at the G. R. Medical College &J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior(M.P.) Result & Conclusion: In our study 46.7% patients have duration of symptoms < 6 months and 6/6 - 6/24 visual acuity was present in 73.3% patients & 13.3% had optic atrophy(primary/secondary), 43.3%patients had bi-temporal hemianopia. In our study Suprasellar extension was present in 90% of patients & Vascular invasion was seen in 26.7% of patients. Good results are seen in patients who have a lesser duration of symptoms, and good pre-operative visual acuity has improved the final visual outcom
Formulation Development & Evaluation of Floating tablets containing anti-diabetic drugs using different polymers
Full text linkThe objective of the present study was to develop a pharmaceutically equivalent, stable, robust, cost effective and quality improved formulation of Glimepiride Non-effervescent floating tablets by using different grades of controlled release polymer. The design of dosage form was performed by choosing HPMC K 100M, HPMC K15M, HPMC K4M, Accural, MCC Magnesium stearate, and Talc in different ratios. The drug-polymer compatibility studies were performed. Blend Uniformity was studied and accordingly the flowability was optimized for the powder blend. Tablets were prepared by direct compression with free flowing powder. The network formed by HPMC, MCC and DCP had been coupled satisfactorily with the controlled resistance, in vitro release and FT-IR. Mean dissolution time was also reported to compare various dissolution profiles. The formula was finalized by comparing the in vitro dissolution with that of the innovator SR and IR tab
A Prospective Study to Measure Intra-Abdominal Pressure Following Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy And To Correlate It With Measurable Post-Operative Outcomes
Full text linkBackground: Several studies have documented the detrimental effects of Intra Abdominal Hypertension (IAH) and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS), however it remains largely under diagnosed. ACS is the end sequela of raised intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), defined as a sustained IAP >20 mmHg with or without an abdominal perfusion pressure <60 mmHg and associated with new organ dysfunction. Objectives: In this study my aim is to measure the intra abdominal pressures of patients following emergency exploratory laparotomy and to identify the presence of ACS and to see if there is any correlation between IAP measurements and major post operative outcomes. Methodology: 55 patients undergoing Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy.in the Department of General Surgery in Government Medical College, Kozhikode were studied. IAP was monitored at 0hrs, 6hrs, 12hrs, 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs post operatively and patient was monitored for development of complications and ACS. IAP was measured indirectly by measuring urinary bladder pressure using foleys catheter. Results: IAH was found to be a significant predictor for development of post operative cardiac, renal and respiratory complications. No significant association was found between IAP and occurrence of burst abdomen or wound related complications. Out of 55 patients studied 14 patients (25.5%) developed ACS. Conclusion: IAP is a significant predictor of mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. IAH has detrimental effects on various organ systems. A more frequent monitoring with prompt decompression may be helpful in decreasing the mortality rate
A Review on Microspheres: Preparation, Characterisation, Evaluation and Applications
Full text linkNow a day the recent development in new drug delivery systems plays a vital role in pharmaceutical industries. The drug delivery practice has been modified in the last decades and even many advanced innovations happened in recent times. Newer drug delivery systems are largely influencing the current medical practice. The idea of targeted drug delivery is to concentrate the treatment in the target tissues while lowering the relative concentration of the drug in the non-target tissues. As a result, the medication is concentrated at the desired location. As a result, the medication has no effect on the tissues nearby. Therefore, by combining the drug with a carrier particle like microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, etc. that regulates the release and absorption characteristics of the drug, carrier technology offers an intelligent way for drug delivery. Microspheres attracted a lot of interest for their sustained release as well as their ability to direct anti-cancer medications to the tumour. Microspheres will play a key role in novel drug delivery in the future by fusing together a variety of other strategies, especially in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene & genetic materials, safe, targeted, and efficient in vivo delivery, and supplements as miniature representations of diseased organs and tissues in the body
Breast Cancer Survival Rate of Luminal vs Non-Luminal Subtype at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Regional General Hospital Purwokerto in 2021-2023
Full text linkIntroduction: Breast cancer is a malignancy that originates from breast tissue such as epithelium, ducts and breast lobules. Breast cancer often occurs at a young age, due to many risk factors including alcohol consumption, diet, radiation and family history. Based on receptor gene expression in tissues, breast cancer is classified into two, namely luminal subtypes in the form of Luminal A and Luminal B, and non luminal subtypes in the form of Positive Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). The survival rate for each subtype has a different time, so further understanding is needed to determine the right treatment for patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between survival rate and luminal and non luminal breast cancer subtypes. Methods: This study uses secondary data, namely the medical records of breast cancer patients at Prof. Hospital. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. The sample in this study were breast cancer patients at RSMS for the 2021-2023 period who fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 84 samples that complied, the survival rate for patients with the luminal subtype was 52.9%, while the survival rate for the non luminal subtype was 42.4%. Conclusion: The survival rate of breast cancer patients with luminal subtype is higher than that of non luminal breast cancer patients, and there is a relationship between survival rate with luminal and non luminal subtypes