International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
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An Educational Intervention study of awareness regarding health issues among school going adolescents in rural Ahmedabad
Get PDFBackground: Adolescence is a crucial period for healthy development in both psychological and physical terms. Awareness is one major factor for development of this group of population.Objectives:1. To assess the awareness level of adolescent girls regarding health aspects2. To find the effectiveness of intervention in improvement of their knowledge level.Materials & Methods: An educational intervention study was conducted among 172 adolescent girls of a Girls school in Bavla Taluka of Ahmedabad district. A predesigned questionnaire was used to assess awareness. Educational material was delivered followed by a post intervention assessment after three months. Statistical analysis was done using MS Excel V. 2010 and Epi info software 7.0. The chi- square test was applied as non-parametric test of statistical significance. Results: After intervention the knowledge was significantly increased about minimum age for marriage in girls (91%) and boys (91%.), menstrual health problems (85%) and their precautions (90%) and general health problems (100%). Though the awareness about Reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infection was only 16% in the adolescent girls. Conclusion: School based educational approach was effective in enhancing awareness of adolescents but it is important to note that with such one-time activity the impact was not expected to be long lasting
A Study on Surgical Management of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Get PDFAim: The main aim of the present study to observe the surgical management of intra articular fractures of the proximal tibia in 32cases.A review of the literature of the management of upper tibial fractures with special reference to surgical management has been presented. Methodology: The surgical management of tibial plateau fractures were included from inpatients of Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal. Patients above 18 years of either sex included in the study. Radiological diagnosis of fractures with classification based on Schatzker's classification. Results: Tibial plateau fractures has a slight predominance of right side over left side i.e. 60% and 40%respectively. Automobile accidents or road traffic accidents appeared the commonest cause of tibial plateau fractures. Males are more prone for tibial plateau fractures, i.e. 90.63% in contrast to females9.37%. Majority of the fractures were pure cleavage (type-I) and cleavage combine with depression (type-II) fractures, in our series. The patients were admitted and operated within 2 or 5 days, or depending upon the wound status or general condition of the patient. Each case is individualized and treated. All operated patients were mobilized postoperatively as soon as possible, mostly on the 3rd postoperative day. Period of joint immobilization plays a major role in the end result. Rigid internal fixation is mandatory whenever possible. Excellent results were obtained in 44% of cases and good in 44% of cases. Depressed and split depressed fractures with 3mm were taken as borderline. X-ray beam has to be tilted to 10°-15° while taking AP view in doubtful fractures and to know particular surface status. Meniscal tears if present can be diagnosed and repair or excisions has to be done. Status of ligaments, soft tissues around the knee play a pivot role in the functional outcome, so has to be documented and treated appropriately. Conclusion : Minimal invasive procedures like MIPPO have got better role to play in the days to come in closed tibial plateau fractures especially by using Locking Compression Plate (LCP)
Comparison of Techniques for Dengue Detection: A research study in a medical College of Rajasthan
Get PDFEarly diagnosis of dengue can benefit timely clinical intervention by correct followups, etiological investigations and timely making aware the community at large. Detection of viral nonstructrural glycoprotein(NS1), Immunoglobulins IgM by rapid card test and or ELISA test has been found to be useful biomarker for this. A number of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISAs) targeting these NS1 antigen (Ag) and IgM are now commercially available. Here we evaluated these tests using a well-characterized panel of clinical samples to determine their effectiveness for early diagnosis by finding the sensitivity and specificity of RDT and ELISA and hence also comparing the two techniques for the most accurate results by these parameters. A total of 300 samples of patients who were clinically found to be having symptoms similar of dengue were taken and run on Rapid NS1 & IgM along with ELISA plate reader in a medical college hospital of Rajasthan state which has this virus in all rainy season
Evaluation of red cell distribution width as a prognostic marker in coronary artery disease patients
Get PDFBackground & Objectives: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is measure of erythrocyte size variability and heterogeneity. RDW is a newly identified risk marker that has been reported in various studies to be a predictor for morbidity and mortality in many diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study is to determine the values of red cell distribution width in patients admitted with acute cardiovascular events and to prove its co relation with echocardiographic findings of systolic and diastolic functions in coronary artery disease patients. Methodology: This study was a descriptive study including 70 patients who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was taken from all the patients. The patients were assessed by clinical and laboratory methods. The patients were evaluated using echocardiogram and hematological investigations. Statistical evaluation was performed using suitable statistical methods like Sperman’s rank correlation method and Karl Pearson correlation method. Results: High values of RDW is seen in people with less ejection fraction. Red Cell Distribution Width ( RDW) levels are in a higher levels in patients who was admitted with myocardial infarction. Patients with low LV ejection fraction have elevated RDW levels compared with normal LV ejection fraction, thus RDW levels correlated with severity of LV dysfunction. Patients with high RDW have more severe grade of left ventricular dysfunction, thus it’s a poor prognostic indicator in them. Conclusion and interpretation: Thus the study proved its objectives in a well disciplined manner. Instead of using more expensive studies as a screening for prediction of adverse cardiovascular outcome, a meagre testing of complete hemogram will help you to identify the high risk in a population to develop any illness pertaining to the cardiovascular system. Various other studies have proven as mentioned in the below sections that RDW is a predictor of morbidity and mortality in many of heart diseases. This study proved the use of RDW as a prognostic marker in one of the major debilitating cause of present era morbidity that is Myocardial Infarction
Anti-albuminuric efficacy of a combination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor & angiotensin receptor blocker in type 1 DM with nephropathy
Get PDFBackground: The viability of the blend of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin changing over protein (ACE) inhibitors in patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) with nephropathy is far from being obviously true. The antialbuminuric viability of dual blockade in type 1 DM patients with macroabuminuria or miniature were assessed. Methods: In this observational review, 30 type 1 DM patients had been included, who were at first treated with telmisartan for a period of eight weeks. It was followed by expansion of ramipril for another two months. Albuminuria decrease was learned toward the finish of each stage. Results: Treatment with telmisartan came about in 38 percent with dual blockade. Conclusion: Double blockade with ramipril improved the antialbuminuric viability of telmisartan and diminished the circulatory strain. Its impact was more articulated amongst the macroalbuminuric subjects and was very much endured. Nonetheless, cautious observation of serum potassium is required
A study on spectrum of bacterial isolates from wound infections by aerobic culture and their antibiotic pattern at SKMCH, Muzaffarpur
Get PDFIntroduction: Pus, a whitish yellow liquid, is an accumulation of body’s defense mechanism produced during an inflammatory pyogenic infection due to bacteria. The overall incidence of wound sepsis in India is from 10% to 33%. This study was designed to evaluate the profile of aerobic pyogenic bacteria in our area along with their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Methodology: The current study was undertaken by the Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishna Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. Pus samples were collected from in- and outpatients of various departments over a period of 2 years from March 2019 to February 2021. The specimens were either collected in sterile swabs or the pus was aspirated into sterile syringes and transported to the microbiology laboratory. These samples were processed on blood agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar media and incubated at 37°C under aerobic conditions. The organisms were identified by biochemical reactions, Gram stain, and motility tests as applicable as per standard operative procedure. Prior approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee.The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by Kirby– Bauer’s disk diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar and interpreted as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institution guidelines. Findings were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS ver. 21.0. Results: A total of 564 samples were tested of which 255 samples showed significant growth that constitute 45.2% of the total samples received during the study duration . Of these, 40.5% were gram positive cocci and 59.5% were gram negative bacteria. Of the gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent organism, followed by Streptococcus pyogenes. S. aureus was highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin, and sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. Of the 59.5% gram-negative bacilli isolated, Escherichia coli was the most common organism followed by Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and others. Conclusion: On account of many antibiotics and their misuse, multidrug-resistant bacteria are emerging. Hence it becomes essential to know the prevalent profile and sensitivity pattern to guide the clinicians to start the empirical treatment
Exploring the Factors associated changes in the personal habits of frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFIntroduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) announced on 11 March 2020, that the SARS-CoV2 outbreak that started in December 2019 became a pandemic. Reported illnesses have ranged from very mild to severe (from progressive respiratory failure to death). Clinical symptoms caused by the virus include loss of taste and smell, fever, malaise, dry cough, shortness of breath, and respiratory distress. Material & Methods: This prospective cross-sectional observational seroprevalence study is conducted at Tertiary care teaching Hospital. Various groups of participants in the study - Seroprevalence of SARS -CoV-2 IgG in health care professionals at tertiary care teaching medical institutions in RR district, Telangana. A serum bank covering all regions was constituted by collecting residual sera from various diagnostic laboratories in region. Large laboratories were engaged, with high daily throughput covering primary care and all kinds of ambulatory specialist care outside hospital. Result: In our study, total of 53.04% were symptomatic and 46.95% were asymptomatic. Exposed staff were 30% and unexposed staff were 70%. In addition, Travel history were 19.13% and Family history 14.34%. BCG vaccinated were 85.21%. On the other hand, Symptomatic staff mean of over all Antibody titer 11.56+16.36, Antibody titer in vaccinated group 25.30+18.01 and Antibody titer in not vaccinated group 2.95+6.43.Conclusion: The job satisfaction of frontline medical staff by developing specific policies for medical staff in similar public health emergencies. The form of participation, prioritizing the self-fulfillment needs of medical staff with high education levels and strengthening the emergency response and practical operation training of junior staff
Non-genetic factors in the craniofacial region contribute to the incidence of non-syndromic CLEFS
Get PDFIn addition to genetic and environmental influences, clefts have a complex origin. Many research has studies tried out to determine the genetic basis of the aetiology of clefts and the effect of maternal folic acid intake on the incidence of clefts in children and adults. In addition to genetics, there has been little research done on the environmental factors that contribute to clefts. Non-genetic variables related to the development of nonsyndromic clefts are the subject of the current investigation. Mother's folic acid intake during pregnancy, family history, parental age, socioeconomic position (including alcoholism and smoking), and parent's occupational exposure are among the variables examined in the research. 200 participants from the South Indian population were included in the study, 100 of whom had nonsyndromic clefts and 200 who were healthy controls. In a detailed questionnaire administered via direct interview, the information was gathered, and the information was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9. The odds ratio (OR) for the independent variables was calculated using a logistic regression model, and the significance of the results was determined using a Chi-square test.The study group included 6 craniofacial clefts, 5 facial clefts and 64 cases of cleft lip and palate. Clefts occurred at a rate of 12 per cent in the craniofacial region and 26percent in the lip region. The case group (24.6%) had a lower maternal age than the control group (12%), with a p-value of 0.001. Paternal ages more significant than 40 years were detected in 8.0 per cent of cases and 0.5% of controls. However, parental medicine and smoking were shown to be insignificant in terms of pesticide exposure, whereas parental occupational exposure in terms of pesticide exposure was found to be significant.There should be no doubt about the importance of maternal folic acid and multivitamin consumption throughout the periconceptional stage for the prevention of mouth clefts. Clefts are more likely to occur in families where there is a history of clefts, and the risk is higher when clefts are present in the parents or siblings. Furthermore, maternal age greater than 35 years is revealed to be more significant than paternal age. The presence of consanguinity was associated with a fourfold increase in clefts. Apart from the family's financial position, the maternal diet is an important component since it is directly tied to folic acid and vitamin supplements
Demonstration of Virulence Markers and Methicillin Susceptibility of Staphylococci in Various Clinical Isolates at SKMC&H, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
Get PDFIntroduction: The staphylococci are a diverse group of bacteria that cause diseases ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening bacteremia. The organism can produce an array of potential virulence factors such as alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-toxins, coagulase and slime formation. Hence, the current study was done to demonstrate some virulence factors in coagulase positive (COPS) and coagulase negative staphylococcal (CONS) isolates from various clinical samples and their further correlation with methicillin susceptibility. Methodology: This current study was an observational study conducted by Department of Microbiology of Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar during a study period of 6 months from July 2020 to December 2020. A total of 100 staphylococcal isolates from various clinical specimens were included in the study. The isolates subjected to the following tests to demonstrate the virulence markers: Coagulase, Phosphatase, DNase (Deoxyribonucleic), Hemolysis, Slime Formation. Methicillin susceptibility was done by cefoxitin disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Descriptive statistics was applied to calculate different variables in the table and arrange them in order. Results were statistically analyzed by using SPSS for Windows (version16.0).Results: Of the 100 Staphylococcal isolates, 92 were coagulase positive and 8 coagulase negative. Phosphatase was expressed by all. DNAse was observed in 59, hemolysis in 60 and slime formation in 34 isolates. Statistical correlation was carried out between methicillin resistance and various virulence markers. Statistical significance was not observed in Coagulase and DNAse markers. Statistically significant correlation was observed between virulence markers haemolysin and slime formationin both coagulase positive and negative Staphylococci with methicillin resistance. Conclusion: Given the number and severity of S. aureus infections it is important to understand the nature and pathogenesis of infections and the current strategies available for therapy and prevention
Ring Enhancing Lesions of Brain on MRI in Correlation with MR Spectroscopy
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: This study is intended to study the characteristic imaging findings in various ring enhancing lesions which help in their characterization. A wide variety of aetiologies may present as multiple cerebral ring enhancing lesions. These can be caused by a variety of infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory, or vascular diseases. The aim of the study is differentiating neoplastic & non neoplastic brain lesions using conventional and advanced MR imaging techniques. Methods: We studied MRI brain scans of 60 patients who were being evaluated for specific neurological symptoms over a period of 3 months (15-09-2021 TO 15-12-2021) who presented to radiology department. Results: Most common lesion seen is Neurocysticercosis (50%) followed by tuberculoma (30%), abscess (10%) & metastasis (10%). 21-30 years is the most common age group involved (30% of cases) and seizures is the most common presenting complaint (60%). Pattern of signal intensity on T2 and FLAIR, Diffusion weighted imaging & MR spectroscopy helps us to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. Conclusion: The most sensitive modality useful in the characterization of intracranial ring enhancing lesions is MRI. Most common feature noted in most of the lesions is irregular type of ring enhancement.MRS plays an important role in characterizing various ring enhancing lesions. MR spectroscopy is a most potent tool for making differential diagnosis between brain abscesses and lesions which are non-infectious such as primary brain tumour, lymphoma, brain metastasis, and tuberculoma