International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
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Spectrum of bowel wall thickening on computed tomography (CT) and its interpretation; a prospective study
Get PDFIntroduction:Computed tomography (CT) study of patients with bowel pathologies may show bowel wall thickening with abnormal morphology and enhancement. Identification of these patterns may help better differentiate benign lesions from malignant lesions.Aim:To study and identify various CT enhancement patterns and other characteristics of thickened bowel wall and their usefulness in categorising bowel wall thickening as benign or malignant. Materials and methods: The study was a prospective study in which a total of 50 cases were studied by over a period of approximately 1 year by performing contrast CT scans using MDCT scanner. Based on certain CT findings and CT patterns, the bowel wall thickening were categorised as benign and malignant and probable diagnosis were given. Cases were followed up for final diagnosis and compared with the CT diagnosis. Relevant statistical analysis was done to assess the role of CT features & enhancement patterns, in differentiating benign and malignant disease processes. Results: Combination of asymmetric, marked, focal and heterogeneous patterns to categorise a lesion as malignant showed high specificity (94.1%). Overall CT characteristics and enhancement patterns has shown high sensitivity (96.9%) and high specificity (88.2%) in differentiating bowel wall thickening as malignant or benign. Conclusion: Contrast CT study is highly sensitive & specific for diagnosing a lesion as malignant or benign, especially when certain imaging features and enhancement patterns of thickening bowel wall are actively looked for
Open versus closed method of pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery: A comparative study
Get PDFAim: A comparative study of the open versus closed method of pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery. Methods: This comparative study conducted in the Department of Surgery. 80 patients of either sex were selected who undergone operative procedure for laparoscopy surgery were included in this study. All patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery and hemodynamically stable patients. Results: Technical difficulties like multiple attempts, gas leak at port site and port site bleeding are more in open method than in closed method, which is attributed to larger size of incision in open method, Furthermore, a significant higher incidence of such minor complications is found in case of BMI >25 p=-5.33 (p<0.05) at confidence level of 95%). Duration for pneumoperitoneum creation in open method group is shorter as compared to closed method group for pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery; p value is 0 (p<0.05) at confidence level of 95%). Minor technical difficulties like multiple attempts (p=0.039), gas leak at port site (p=0.037), and minor complications like port site bleeding are more with open method. While one case pre peritoneal insufflation is noted in case of closed method. Herep<0.05 in most of the cases. Hence, it is statistically significant. Conclusion: We can conclude that both methods i.e. open and closed methods of creating pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery are safe to perform. The open technique has slightly more incidence of minor complications due to large incision size but has advantage of lesser duration needed for procedure
A descriptive study on Non Communicable Disease among nursing personals in a Medical Teaching Institute, Kolkata
Get PDFBackground- Nursing personnel are one of the important man power in health system. India has 1.7 nurses per 1,000 population, 43% less than the World Health Organisation norm. This creates a huge workload on Nurses. Due to busy schedule and night shift, physical activity was less among them which leads to obesity and other Non-Communicable Disease (NCD). Very few study was conducted in India in this aspect. With this background present study was conducted to find out proportion of NCD and association of different factors with NCD. Methods – Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in a Medical Teaching Institute in Kolkata from January 2021 to March 2021. Sampling was done by complete enumeration and total 545 nurses were interviewed by a pre-designed, pretested structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the demographic profiles of respondents, the level of awareness, and the extent of practice. Chi-square test was applied to study the association and p-value obtained. Logistic regression was done to find out odds ratio. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results - Proportion of any one non communicable disease was 23.2%. Majority of population belonged to 23-35 years age group , married , Hindu , Residing in nuclear family in Urban area and had GNM qualification. Age, education, caste, marital status, work load, obesity, anxiety and stress had significant association with NCD profile. Conclusion: Regular physical activity should be performed to prevent development of NCDs. Periodic medical check-up of nursing personnel should be conducted for early diagnosis of NCDs. Importance should also be given on workplace stress reduction
Refractive Errors Among School Going Children in Srikakulam District, North Coastal Andhrapradesh
Get PDFPurpose : Avoidable blindness mainly due to uncorrected refractive errors is a major challenge to health care policy makers. School screening for refractive errors has been an useful programme to overcome this problem. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence of refractive error among school children in srikakulam distict. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 1682 school children between age group of 10-15 years under school screening programme. Results: the prevalence of refractive errors was found out to be 3.62%. the prevalence of refractive errors was more in female children (57.3%)when compared to male children(42.6%). The most common refractive error was found to be myopia(60.65%) followed by astigmatism(36%) followed by hypermetropia(3.27%). There is increased incidence of refractive errors in older age group 39.34% were present in 14-15 years of age. Conclusions: this study imparts screening of not only school going children but also all school aged children to treat refractive errors and prevent further complications by uncorrected refractive errors
Evaluation of efficacy of lower limb rotational flap coverage followed by single sitting PTSG for management of post traumatic osteomyelitis
Get PDFIntroduction: In the management of the “post traumatic osteomyelitis-PTO” various types of the flaps are employed. Hence we assessed the efficacy of lower limb rotational flap coverage followed by single sitting “partial thickness skin grafting (PTSG)” for management of PTO. Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical study among 40 subjects with PTO. They were treated with rotational flap coverage followed by single sitting partial thickness skin grafting. The various observations made were noted a comparison was made with the muscle flaps. Results: Thirty two of 40 initial flaps survived. All the subjects had the follow up for a minimum period of one year. The flap survival among the local and diffuse osteomyelitis and among those with and without risk factors was not significant. The second predictor- reconstructed successfully flap was significant between the local and diffuse osteomyelitis. The reconstructive success among the local and diffuse osteomyelitis was not statistically significant.Conclusion: This study found rotational flap coverage followed by single sitting partial thickness skin grafting can be successfully used for the reconstruction of lower limb trauma
Mucormycosis In Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFMucormycosis (Zygomycosis) is an invasive fungal infection. It typically affects immune compromised individuals with an impaired neutrophilic response. There are several case reports of Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) from all over the world. Recently, its alarming rise in the number amongCOVID-19 patients mostly with uncontrolled diabetes and those who received excessive administration ofsteroids for the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection hasraised interest among the scientific community to learn more about the said disease. The current reviewdescribes, its epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, warning signs, diagnostic test and available preventive and treatment modalities for its effective management
Effect of Genistein on Lipid Profile and Oxidative Status in Hyperlipidemic Wistar Rats
Get PDFBackground: Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis-induced conditions such as coronary heart disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Due to various adverse effects with the current pharmacological therapy, many plant-derived compounds are being tested to lower serum lipid levels. Genistein, a polyphenolic isoflavone, showed promising results in several studies. Objective: The current study aimed to assess the effect of genistein on lipid profile and oxidative status in hyperlipidemic wistar rats.Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational in vivo study was carried out in Sri manakula vinayagar medical college and hospital, Puducherry, India. Thirty-xix adult male albino wistar rats were used for the experiment. Rats were divided randomly into six groups consisting of six animals in each group. All animals were given high cholesterol diet (0.75% cholesterol + 1.5% bile salt) to induce hyperlipidemia. The animals were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg oral) and genistein (1 mg/kg oral and 5 mg/kg oral) once daily for a period of 30 days. All animals were weighed at the start and the end of the experimental period.On 31st day after overnight fasting, blood samples were collected from orbital sinus for biochemical analysis of lipoproteins and antioxidants. Basic parameters like body weight was measured. Measurement of parameters like Total Cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, LDL Triglycerides was carried out for undertaking Serum Lipid Profile. And, measurement of parameters like reduced glutathione (GSH), serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma catalase was carried out for undertaking Antioxidant activity. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance test followed by post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result: Oral administration of genistein showed a significant reduction in body weight serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels. Dose dependent significant changes (P<0.05) were observed in MDA and Catalase levels among genistein treated animals. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that genistein effectively attenuated raised serum TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG levels with remarkable improvement in antioxidant activity. Thus, genistein, a polyphenolic isoflavone, in a dose of 5 mg/kg alone and in combination with conventional hypolipidemic drug, atorvastatin has beneficial effect on serum lipid profile and antioxidant activity in hyperlipidemic male albino Wistar rat
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of First Year Medical Students Regarding COVID-19 in Chhattisgarh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFIntroduction and Aim: Purpose of this study is to investigate knowledge, attitude and practice of first year medical students towards COVID 19.Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 148 first-year undergraduate students of a tertiary care hospital of Bhilai Chhattisgarh, from April to May 2020.Results: Finding of this study showed 93 % of the participants had knowledge about the precautionary actions,81% about the mode of spread, 96% about infecting agent. Most of the participants had encouraging outlook towards activities to control COVID-19 spread. The practice part was also acceptable with very minor shortcomings.Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding covid 19 was found to be acceptable. Some areas in practice part need attention which can be attained by giving informative sessions regarding same
Study Of Multidrug Resistance And Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated From Hospitalized Patients Of SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
Get PDFIntroduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern among uropathogens isolated from patients. Methodology: In the current descriptive cross-sectional study, 1000 urine samples were aseptically collected from patients more than 18 years of age and suspected to have UTI attending Medical out Patient Department of Microbiology, Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, and Bihar during a period of one year From May 2020 to April 2021. Detection of ESBL-producing organisms was performed by Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method following CLSI recommendations. In this method, first, a suspension was prepared for each pure bacterial isolate according to the 0.5 McFarland turbidity standards and cultured on Mueller–Hinton agar. Fifteen minutes after bacterial cultures, pairs of antibiotic disks containing Ceftazidime (30 μg) with Ceftazidime/Clavulanic acid (30/10 μg), and Cefotaxime (30 μg) with Cefotaxime/Clavulanic acid (30/10 μg) were placed on Mueller–Hinton agar medium center to center, at a distance of 20 mm apart from each other. Results: Out of 1000 participants surveyed in the present study, majority (74.8%) were female. Positive bacterial growth was detected in urine samples of 74 (7.4%) patients. Among uropathogens, E. coli (72.9%) was the most commonly isolated species, followed by K. pneumoniae (13.5%). Conclusion: The ESBL production was found in a significant amount of Klebsiella spp isolates. An intensifying level of resistance to various classes of antimicrobial agents was observed among ESBL producers compared with non-ESBLs
Effectiveness and safety of topical 1% terbinafine versus topical 2% sertaconazole in patients with tinea cruris: A randomized controlled trial
Get PDFIntroduction: we compare the efficacy of topical terbinafine hydrochloride 1%, a fungicidal agent and sertaconazole nitrate 2% cream, a fungistatic agent in localized tinea corporis and tinea cruris and to study the adverse effects of these antifungal creams. Materials and Methods: 80 treatment naive individuals with tinea cruris were randomized into two groups of 30 each of 1:1 ratio using computer random sequence generator (www.randomization. com) to receive either topical terbinafine applied twice daily or topical sertaconazole once daily for a period of 4 weeks. The study pro forma included demographic details of patient, concomitant drugs taken, medical history, and physical and clinical examination which record vitals of patients. Results: At the baseline, composite score of all clinical symptoms was 5.11 ± 1.06 in the terbinafine group and 5.61 ± 1.15 in the sertaconazole group which was matched (P = 0.85). At the end of treatment (4 weeks), total composite score was 0.09 ± 0.21 in the terbinafine group and 0.04 ± 0.19 in the sertaconazole group which showed statistical significance (P < 0.001). Table 2 shows intragroup comparison of mean scores of two groups. Conclusion: Terbinafine was equal in efficacy and safety to newer azole – sertaconazole in treating patients with tinea cruris