International Journal of Health and Clinical Research
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Effect of covid-19 on routine general dental practice- A questionnaire based survey
Get PDFBackground: Many dental clinics have closed due to the extremely contagious characteristics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), as well as the fact that dental operations frequently generate blood and saliva droplets that could spread the virus. Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental practise by conducting an online survey of dental professionals and learning about their thoughts on the topic. Methods and Materials: The information in this study is based on a survey of dentists. The dentists' thoughts and attitudes concerning the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as its impact on their personal lives, financial situation, and the quality of dental services provided to patients, were evaluated in the survey. Results: This research involved 240 dentists (214 general dentists and 26 specialists). During the pandemic, the majority of the volunteers (n = 170, or 70%) did not perform non-emergency procedures. Reduced treatment sessions (n = 90, 37 percent), careful triage of patients (n = 156, 64 percent), and the use of personal protective equipment (n = 108, 45 percent) are among the solutions advised by dental practitioners to reduce the risk of infection. During the pandemic, however, the majority of dentists (n = 210, or 87 percent) had difficulty supplying personal protective equipment. Furthermore, 97 percent (n = 234) of the participants stated that their financial income has decreased since the outbreak of the pandemic. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is most common among dental health care workers. As a result, dental practitioners should follow normal measures with greater caution during the pandemic. To lessen the danger of COVID-19 transmission, they could shorten their work hours and limit dental procedures to emergency treatments. Furthermore, to reduce the danger of infection, public entities should offer suitable equipment for dental practitioners
Prevalence and determinants of frozen shoulder in patients with diabetes: An original research
Get PDFIntroduction: Adhesive capsulitis is a group of symptoms involving the glenohumeral joint which is a musculoskeletal problem that can affect the diabetics. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of FS and compare the disease's factors in a diabetic community. Materials and Methods: We piloted an observational cross-sectional study among 100 diabetics of both genders. The study was done for a period of 2 years, at a territary care center. We designed a questionnaire that collected the patients’ responses. These questions were formulated considering the important factors that may cause the Adhesive capsulitis among diabetics with an increased rate. Results: We observed that nearly 40% of the subject complained of the Adhesive capsulitis. The prevalence was at the department was 52.1%. The factors that were that were seen more associated among these cases of the Adhesive capsulitis were positive family history, uncontrolled blood glucose, insulin dependence and females. Greater number of the subjects had unilateral Adhesive capsulitis and was at stage 1 for the Adhesive capsulitis. Conclusion: Within the limitations of our study we observed a greater incidence of the Adhesive capsulitis among diabetics. This greater occurrence may be attributed to the poor glycemic control, lack of facilities, awareness, socio economic levels. Awareness camps are suggested to create education about these conditions targeting the female diabetics. Early intervention may alter the disease course and may favor a good prognosis. Further studies are suggested to find association of the diabetes and the Adhesive capsulitis
Magnitude of Internet Addiction and Its Associating Risk Factors in Young Medical Students of Western Rajasthan, India
Get PDFBackground: Smartphone and internet has become the necessity of the society and students are more prone to addict in digital world. Internet dependency is compulsive behaviour that influences student health, studies and social relations. The prevalence of Internet addiction is rising worldwide especially among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to explores the prevalence of internet addiction and pattern of internet uses among young medical student and its association with various socio-demographical and behavioural factors. Material and Methods: Students were interviewed to predesigned proforma for socio-demographic profile and questionnaire for Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The total score of IAT ≥ 50 considered as internet addicted (IA), was main dependent variable, while age, gender, residence, medium of school education, type of family, socioeconomic status and social or behavioural problems were independent variables. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess significance of internet addiction, P-value < .05 considered as significant. Results: The prevalence of internet addiction was 24% among young medical students. Students residing with parents or local guardians were more internet addicted (34%) than those residing in hostel (20%), and also the students showing self-injurious behaviour statistically significantly internet addicted (62.5%) than those not having such behaviour (23%). Other studied variables were not found associated with internet addiction. Conclusion: The internet addiction prevalence was 24% among medical students. The students staying at home were having 2.526 time more chances of internet addiction that those staying at hostel. Likewise, the students having internet addiction had 5.122 times more chances of self-injurious behaviour than their counterparts
A Study On Prevalence Of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic Of A Tertiary Care Hospital In Bihar
Get PDFIntroduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) commonly occur pregnancy, due to the morphological and physiological changes that take place in the genitourinary tract. Pregnancy enhances the progression from Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) to symptomatic bacteruria, which could lead to acute pyelonephritis in 20-50% of cases and to adverse obstetric outcomes such as prematurity, postpartum hypertensive disease, anemia, UTIs, and higher foetal mortality rates, if it is left untreated. The objective of this prospective study was to identify the prevalence of ASB, and its most common causative microorganisms among pregnant women who attended a tertiary care centre in Bihar, India. Methodology: This was a prospective study which was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar during a period of one year From January 2021 to December 2021. A total number of 100 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic during the period of data collection were included in this study. Urine samples were collected by standard mid-stream “clean catch” method from all the pregnant women, in sterile, wide mouthed containers that were covered with tight-fitting lids. The samples were processed by using standard microbiological procedures. The specimens were cultured on dried plates of MacConkey’s agar, Sheep Blood agar (in 5-10% CO2 atmosphere) and Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient agar, by standard loop method and the plates were incubated at 37°C overnight. Culture results were interpreted as significant and insignificant according to the standard criteria. The organisms were identified by routine methods from the samples which showed significant bacteriuria. Result: In our study, culture positive cases with respect to trimester were as follows: first trimester- 5 (55.6%), second trimester- 3 (33.3%), and third trimester - 1 (11.1%). The commonest bacterium which was detected in culture was Escherichia coli. Conclusion: As asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with complications in pregnancy, it is therefore imperative that pregnant women be screened for bacteriuria, periodically in every trimester of the gestational period
A review of changes caused by COVID-19 pandemic in the lifestyle of People with Diabetes (PWD) in India
Get PDFBackground: COVID-19 pandemic has set a new normal to the life of people in the world. It has severely affected the lives of people living with diabetes across the world. India has the second-largest population living with diabetes and the pandemic has posed several challenges in their daily living. It has not only affected the physical and social health but also has a negative impact on the psychological health of PWD in India. Aims: This review aims to find out the effect of the pandemic and the measures to improve the health of PWD in different regions of India. Methods: A web-based search was conducted on the topic of diabetes and Covid-19 pandemic and life-style modification in India. Boolean research was done to find out the literature on PubMed and Google Scholar. We found 157 articles of which we selected 56 articles with full text retrieved. Results: A weight gain of 5-10% in 19% of the person(s) with diabetes (PWD) indicates that there were negative impacts on glycaemic control and overall health condition of a group of persons with diabetes. 44.8% of PWD population of Bihar changed their eating habit and 19.7% noticed an increase in weight which looks little less than the other parts of the country. Conclusion: In conclusion, uncontrolled diabetes is one of the major causes of high mortality in COVID-19 infection. There is an urgent need for a structured diabetes education plan for different areas of India
High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance and Distribution of Aminoglycoside Resistant Genes among Clinical Isolates of Enterococcusin a Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFObjectives: The aim of study was to determine the susceptibility of clinical isolates of Enterococcus species to high level aminoglycoside by MIC test and the presence of five different aminoglycoside modifying genes [AMEs]. Methods: Enterococci were isolated from various clinical samples. High level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin was done by high potency disc diffusion method [HPDDM]. Screenings to both the antibiotics were done by agar screen method [ASM]. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] was determined by Agar Dilution Method [ADM]. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the presence of AME genes. Results: 21.4% [24/112] and 25.8% [29/112] strains were resistant to gentamicin and streptomycin by ASM. A total of 32.2% [36/112] were found to be HLGR with MIC > 512μg/ml. 29 strains were found to show resistance to streptomycin with MIC i.e. ≥ 2048 μg/ml.aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′′)-Ia gene was found in 16.9% [19/112] of enterococcal isolates. Moreover, 4.5% (5/112) of the Non-HLAR strains with MIC [256 μg/ml] expressed aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′′)-Ia gene. Newer AME genes like aph(2′′)-Ic&aph(2′′)-Id were detected in 4.5% [5/112] and 5.4% [6/112] strains. The predominant virulence gene in HLAR was hyl gene [44.1%; 30/68]. Conclusions: The study concluded that the AMEs have disseminated amongst the non-faecalis non-faecium strains in this region. The number of aac(6”)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia genes detected by PCR was less as compared to those detected by MIC test, it should be taken into consideration that due to the intrinsic limitations of any PCR assay, a negative result may not always signify the absence of a gene altogether in enterococcus
Effect of follicular size on the day of trigger on OOCYTE and EMBRYO quality in clomiphene citrate protocol- A comparitive retrospective study
Get PDFObjective: To compare the effect of follicular size on the day of trigger on the oocyte and embryo quality in clomiphene citrate protocol in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI. Materials and Methods: A Retrospective comparative analysis was done in patients who underwent IVF/ICSI with clomiphene citrate protocol between 2016-2018 in craft hospital and research centre kodungallur Kerala. 242 patients who met the inclusion criteria of primary/secondary infertility, <40yrs old, normal male factor. Excluding > 4oys old, endometriosis, PCOS, male factor infertility. Group A: included 83 patients with lead follicle measuring 21-23 mm on the day of trigger. Group B: Included 159 patients with lead follicle measuring 17-19mm on the day of trigger. Inj ovitrille 250 mcg was given as a trigger. Oocytes retrieved after 36hrs by transvaginal approach. Both groups were compared for number of oocytes retrieved, number of mature oocytes, number of Day 3 good embryos. Statistical analysis was done by independent sample T-test for all variables. Results: No statistical difference between age and AFC in both groups. Statistical difference in number of oocytes retrieved (p value -0.055). No statistical difference in number of mature oocytes and number of day 3 embryos. Conclusion: Women who underwent IVF/ICSI with clomiphene citrate protocol with a lead > 20mm had less number of oocytes retrieved when compared to <20mm lead follicle on the trigger day and had similar number of mature oocyte and day 3 embryos. No beneficial effect by waiting for the lead follicle to reach beyond 20mm in size
Risk factors, comorbidities, and social factors associated with alzheimer disease - An observational study from eastern India
Get PDFAlzheimer Disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia worldwide and is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results in diminished quality of life and caregiver stress. Although it is not possible to completely prevent the disease with current therapy, several associated comorbidities as well as social and risk factors can be addressed and managed if required. Our study attempts to clarify and delineate the comparative occurrence of these factors in patients presenting with AD and those presenting for other neurologic problems. The results show that diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, and depression are strongly associated with dementia, suggesting etiologic factors and opportunities for timely intervention. Hypertension, dietary factors, occupational factors and marital status did not show a significant correlation. Limitations of the study include the overall elderly population with commonly occurring comorbidities and confounding factors. This study underlines the importance of treating modifiable risk factors with the hope of slowing down or preventing the development of dementia
Comparison of minimally invasive procedure with the standard open approach for lumbar sympathectomy
Get PDFAim: To compare minimally invasive procedure with the standard open approach for lumbar sympathectomy and to assess the morbidity and evaluate the outcome in terms of operative time, blood loss, complications and recovery time. Method: The present study was carried out as a prospective cross-sectional observational study. A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study who were divided into two groups A and B of 30 each who were operated by open method and laparoscopic method respectively.Patients between age 17 to 80 years with ischemic rest pain that requires continuous analgesia for > 2 weeks, ischemic foot ulcers that failed to heal for > 6 weeks and distal gangrene which is limited to the fore foot were included in the study. Result. In group A total 18 out of 30 patients(60%) and in group B total 21 out of 30 patients(70%)were taking analgesics for pain from more than 4 weeks. In group A operative time in 6 patients was ½-1hr, in 20 patients 1-1½ hrs and in 4 patients operative time was more than 1½ hrs while in group B in 22 patients operative time was ½-1 hr, in 6 patients 1-1½ hr and in 2 patients it was more than 1½ hrs.P value was 0.0002 which was significant. In group A there were ureteric injury in 2 patients, venacaval injury in 1 patient, peritoneal perforation in 1 patient, wound haematoma in 7 patients, wound infection in 6 patients and incisional hernia in 2 patients as intra operative and post operative complications while in group B there was ureteric injury in 1 patient, peritoneal perforation in 1 patient, wound haematoma in 1 patient, wound infection in 2 patient and there was no vena caval injury and incisional hernia as intra operative and post operative complications. P value was 0.02 which was significant. In group A 4 patients recovered in 5-7 days and 26 patient took more than 7 days to recover while in group B 5 patients recovered in 3-5 days,20 patients recovered in 5-7 days and 5 patients took more than 7 days to recover.P value was 0.006 which was significant. Conclusion: In minimally invasive technique of lumbar sympathectomy operative time,intraoperative complications were much less and recovery was significantly faster as compared to classical open method
Food Related Taboos and Misconception during Pregnancy and Breast feeding among women of Rural and Urban areas of Anantapur District
Get PDFBackground: In India, dietary habits of pregnant women are influenced by food fads, cultural taboos and religious beliefs. Hence knowledge about these misconceptions is necessary to educate the society regarding intake of healthy food during pregnancy and exclusive breast feeding practices. Objective: To evaluate the beliefs, practices and superstitions related to food during antenatal and post-partum period & breastfeeding and to asses factors influencing breastfeeding practice. Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the women of reproductive age group at Anantapur district. A pre designed validated questionnaire was used to study the food related taboos in them during pregnancy and breast feeding practices. Results: A total of 600 women between the age of 20-35 years with mean age of 24.5 and ± 4.3 years participated in the study.Around 90% of study subjects classified some foods as hot and cold and avoided the as they would adversely affect them and the baby. Papaya, pine apple, curd, fused bananas, black grapes and poultry meat were commonly avoided food. Twenty percent of women did not feed colostrum because of taboos. Conclusion: The study revealed that food taboos and traditional beliefs relating to pregnancy exist in larger proportion of women and they still believe in old unscientific tales. This can be improved by empowering community based health workers to provide effective nutrition counseling to the mothers. There is a need for nutrition education and awareness generation among women. Increasing literacy status also reduces taboos/misconceptions