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Large-area, thermal and electrical activation of metal-insulator transition in W-doped VO2 films for THz applications
No full textInternational audienc
Figures de soldats. L’héritage atemporel de la campagne de Crimée (1854-1856).: L’art et les forces morales
No full textInternational audienceSébastopol, le 8 septembre 1855. Le principal port de guerre de la flotte impériale russe en Mer Noire vient de tomber aux mains du corps expéditionnaire franco-britannique, appuyé par deux petits contingents turc et sarde, mettant fin à une année d’un siège éprouvant, ponctué par des engagements meurtriers au cœur d’un climat extrême, où les ravages causés par le froid intense et la chaleur torride s’ajoutent à ceux du choléra. Autant de facteurs difficiles qui auraient pu détruire la résistance morale des assiégeants face à la ténacité fanatique des Russes retranchés dans la ville. Cependant, malgré ces conditions défavorables et éprouvantes, les alliés l’ont emporté. Pour les soldats français, qui dénombrent l’effectif le plus considérable engagé dans cette campagne de Crimée dès 1854, aux confins d’une contrée dont l’exotisme lointain fait rêver les artistes comme le public, la chute de la ville revêt un caractère éminemment symbolique : ils ont vengé leurs pères, pris au piège des glaces de l’hiver de 1812. Tenir en dépit de tout, faire preuve de résilience, cultiver et conserver ces forces morales qui donnent l’ascendant sur l’adversaire : tel est l’enjeu de ce conflit, l’un des plus abondamment représentés par les peintres, les sculpteurs et les photographes de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle à l’aube des premiers reportages de guerre. Qu’ils se soient rendus sur place et aient vécu les événements, parfois aux côtés des troupes, où qu’ils se soient soigneusement documentés grâce aux articles, aux lettres, aux cartes et aux dessins publiés dans la presse illustrée hebdomadaire, en interrogeant les soldats à leur retour et en les faisant poser pour leurs compositions, les artistes ont cherché à rendre la spécificité de cette campagne, considérée comme « la première guerre moderne ».Ce livre retrace cet héritage moral évoqué dans les œuvres concentrées sur ces figures de soldats, dont les effigies témoignent de leur ressenti face à ce siège et à ces circonstances exceptionnelles. Ces productions artistiques révèlent et transmettent, encore aujourd’hui, ce caractère atemporel du « cœur de l’homme », aux ressources souvent insoupçonnées face àune situation extrême, au cœur d’un engagement de haute intensité
In Search of Empty Spheres: 3D Apollonius Diagrams on GPU
No full textInternational audienceWe present a novel comprehensive construction algorithm of Apollonius diagrams designed for GPUs. Efficient and robust algorithms have been proposed for the computation of Voronoi diagrams or Power diagrams. In contrast, Apollonius cells are neither convex nor bounded by straight boundaries, making their computation complex, especially in more than two dimensions. Their parallel computation also represents a challenge because of the sequential nature of state-of-the-art algorithms. In this article, we tackle the computation of these diagrams from the geometry of their cells. Our strategy is based on a core cell topology update allowing the iterative insertion of new sites found through nearest neighbor queries. To benefit from the highly parallel environment of modern GPUs and fit their memory restriction, we define a lightweight data structure allowing the representation of the complex topology of Apollonius cells. Additionally, we provide several space exploration procedures for their efficient construction under both homogeneous and heterogeneous spatial distributions. Our method outperforms the fastest state-of-the-art CPU implementation while computing the complete geometry. As a possible use case, we show an application for molecular illustration
Key considerations and recommendations for recruiting older adults in physical activity studies
No full textInternational audienceBackground Despite substantial evidence supporting the benefits of physical activity (PA) for older adults, participation rates remain low due to physical, psychological, social, and institutional barriers. Recruiting older adults for PA studies thus presents significant challenges, particularly for socially vulnerable populations and those facing digital literacy limitations in technology-assisted PA interventions. The present study aimed to articulate and establish a consensus among multidisciplinary and multinational PA experts regarding key considerations and requirements for designing and implementing recruitment of older adults for PA studies. MethodsThis study employed a mixed-methods consensus approach integrating a structured formal consensus process with a two-round Delphi survey. Through face-to-face and online discussions, an expert panel group formulated 104 initial recommendations regarding the recruitment of older adults for PA studies. In the first Delphi round, 42 external experts assessed the relevance of each recommendation, and recommendations with a ≥ 70% agreement threshold were considered consensual. The second round included 60 refined recommendations that were evaluated by 31 experts. A final consensus was reached through iterative expert panel discussions. ResultsOf the 104 initial recommendations, 52 (50%) met the inclusion threshold during the first round. In the second round of Delphi, 36 of the 60 revised recommendations (60%) achieved consensus, with agreement ranging from 71.0 to 96.8%. The final consensus process established 34 key recommendations categorized into four domains:(1) ethical principles (71.7-93.5%), (2) informed consent (71.0-96.8%), (3) stakeholder engagement (61.3-83.9%), and (4) recruitment strategies for technology-assisted PA interventions (74.2-87.1%). However, there remains a lack of consensus on the extent to which sociocultural diversity and differences in sample representation should be addressed. Conclusions This study provides expert-driven, consensus-based recommendations to improve the recruitment of older adults for PA studies. Adherence to ethical considerations, informed consent procedures, stakeholder collaboration, and tailored strategies for technology-assisted interventions were highlighted. These findings offer</div
Open vs. Robot-Assisted Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Multicenter Comparative Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The artificial urinary sphincter has been an effective treatment for stress urinary incontinence caused by intrinsic sphincter deficiency in women. However, the use of this device has been limited by the technical difficulties and risks associated with the open implantation procedure. Preliminary studies using robotic techniques have shown promising results, but only one small study has compared robotic to open procedures. This study aims to compare the outcomes of robotic and open artificial urinary sphincter implantation in women with stress urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency in a large multicenter cohort. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from female patients who underwent open or robot-assisted artificial urinary sphincter implantation from 2006 to 2020 at 12 urology departments. The primary outcome was the rate of complications within 30 days after surgery, graded using the Clavien-Dindo Classification. Perioperative and functional outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 135 patients were included, with 71 in the robotic group and 64 in the open group. The open group had a higher rate of intraoperative complications (27.4% vs. 12.7%; p = 0.03) and postoperative complications (46.8% vs. 15.5%; p < 0.0001). More patients in the robotic group achieved full continence (83.3% vs. 62.3%; p = 0.01). The open group had higher explantation (27.4% vs. 1.4%; p < 0.0001) and revision rates (17.5% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.02). The estimated 1-year explantation-free survival rate was higher in the robotic group. (98.6% vs. 78.3%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Robot-assisted implantation may reduce perioperative morbidity and improve functional outcomes compared to open implantation in women with stress urinary incontinence
Sur les routes de la sociologie. Épisode 2 avec Isabelle Prat, cheffe de projet d'enquêtes qualitatives au Service statistique ministériel de la sécurité intérieure (SSMSI) [Podcast]
No full text[Podcast] Réalisation : Joachim Benet Rivière et Vonnick Ribéraud / Montage et mixage : Vonnick Ribéraud. Durée : 40 minutes[Sur les routes de la sociologie (2). Isabelle Prat, cheffe de projet dans les enquêtes de victimation]Pour ce deuxième podcast, Sur les routes de la sociologie part à la rencontre d'Isabelle Prat, cheffe de projet d'enquêtes qualitatives au Service statistique ministériel de la sécurité intérieure. Elle effectue de la conception d'enquête et est plus particulièrement en charge de la partie « enquêtes qualitatives » au sein de la section « enquêtes statistiques » du bureau des enquêtes, des études et statistiques sur les atteintes aux personnes et aux biens
Congested Crossing Pedestrian Traffic Flow : Dispersion vs. Transport in Crowded Areas
No full textThis study investigates the complex dynamic interactions between two typed populations coexisting within a shared space. We propose both theoretical and numerical study to analyze scenarios where one population (population 1) must traverse a territory occupied by another (population 2), necessitating strategies to mitigate overcrowding caused by spatial limitations. To capture these interactions, we model population 1 using a linear transport equation, while population 2 is described by a granular diffusion model à la sandpile to represent its internal dynamics and tendency to decongest. Through numerical simulations, we explore how different movement strategies of the traversing population (population 1) -including directed motion towards a specific destination, internal dispersion to minimize crowding, and uniform dispersal across the space -affects the behavior of population 2.</div
Quantum key distribution implemented with d-level time-bin entangled photons
No full textInternational audienceHigh-dimensional photon states (qudits) are pivotal to enhance the information capacity, noise robustness, and data rates of quantum communications. Time-bin entangled qudits are promising candidates for implementing highdimensional quantum communications over optical fiber networks with processing rates approaching those of classical telecommunications. However, their use is hindered by phase instability, timing inaccuracy, and low scalability of interferometric schemes needed for time-bin processing. As well, increasing the number of time bins per photon state typically requires decreasing the repetition rate of the system, affecting in turn the effective qudit rates. Here, we demonstrate a fiber-pigtailed, integrated photonic platform enabling the generation and processing of picosecond-spaced time-bin entangled qudits in the telecommunication C band via an on-chip interferometry system. We experimentally demonstrate the Bennett-Brassard-Mermin 1992 quantum key distribution protocol with time-bin entangled qudits and extend it over a 60 km-long optical fiber link, by showing dimensionality scaling without sacrificing the repetition rate. Our approach enables the manipulation of timebin entangled qudits at processing speeds typical of standard telecommunications (10 s of GHz) with high quantum information capacity per single frequency channel, representing an important step towards an efficient implementation of high-data rate quantum communications in standard, multi-user optical fiber networks
Impact of trace elements (total and labile fraction) on the anaerobic digestion activity and microbial community structure
No full textInternational audienc
Une sociohistoire des fonctions sociales des formations en alternance dans les Maisons Familiales Rurales et de leurs acteurs
No full textTable ronde I. Les fondations historiques de l’alternance : compromis ou projet pédagogique ? — Animation Fabienne Maillard (CIRCEFT-ESCOL, Université Paris 8).International audienceCette communication retrace l’évolution des Maisons Familiales Rurales (MFR) depuis leur émergence en réaction au développement de l’enseignement agricole public jusqu’à leur transformation en structures d’accompagnement scolaire et professionnel. Créées en 1937 sous l’impulsion des syndicats agricoles et de la Jeunesse Agricole Catholique, les MFR avaient pour objectif de préserver le rôle des familles paysannes dans la formation de leurs enfants tout en répondant aux besoins de main-d’œuvre agricole. Leur modèle d’alternance s’est progressivement institutionnalisé, s’adaptant aux mutations du monde rural et éducatif. Dès les années 1960, la « dépaysannisation » du mouvement a conduit à l’accueil de jeunes ruraux non issus du monde agricole, marquant un tournant dans les fonctions sociales des MFR. À partir des années 1990, celles-ci se repositionnent comme des « écoles de la seconde chance », intégrant des approches pédagogiques inspirées des sciences de l’éducation. Cette sociohistoire met en lumière l’évolution du rôle des moniteurs, initialement ancrés dans le monde agricole, vers des fonctions d’accompagnement pédagogique, révélant ainsi les dynamiques de transformation d’un modèle éducatif alternatif