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Entre mémoires et oublis, la lente inscription d'un évènement traumatique dans l'histoire d'une nation, la cas de l'incendie de la Triangle Shirtwaist Company, New York, 25 mars 1911
No full textThis research focuses on a specific memorialization process. It encompasses the long twentieth century since 1911. It questions the rhythms and forms of its temporal and territorial circulation, between the American continent and Europe. It observes the discourses, uses, cultural productions and evolutions both in the forms of the memory of the accident and in its transmission. It focuses on the various entrepreneurs of memory (institutional or associative, collective or individual) as well as the “nodes of memory” they have helped to create. It reveals the political, cultural and social complexity of this memory. It highlights the long absence of an “official” memory. Its permanent physical inscription is one of the illustrations of the evolution of this relationship between the nation and the event, as are the transformations of commemorative phenomena. They reflect the difficulty of constructing a shared narrative and renewed mobilization on behalf of the victims. Belonging to a memorial base shared by the American nation comes after the ongoing mobilization of a textile garment industry union, the ILGWU, to have this industrial accident recognized, and to oppose the violence done to those who are almost forgotten: mostly young, migrant women from Eastern and Southern Europe, who were unskilled workers at the time. The didactic and pedagogical dimensions of the tragedy were transmitted through memorial productions rooted in the culture of the New York Jewish communities to which most of the victims and members of the ILGWU belonged, and which went beyond it. This memory is rooted in mourning, but above all in the ongoing struggle for equal political and social rights, and for better protection of the most vulnerable members of the working class.Cette recherche porte sur un processus de mémorialisation spécifique. Elle se focalise sur un long vingtième siècle depuis 1911. Elle questionne les rythmes et les formes de sa circulation temporelle et territoriale, entre le continent américain et l’Europe. Elle en observe les discours, les usages, les productions culturelles, les évolutions tant dans les formes de la mémoire du drame que dans sa transmission. Elle s’attache aux différents entrepreneurs de mémoire (institutionnels ou associatifs, collectifs ou individuels) ainsi qu’aux « nœuds de mémoires » qu’ils ont contribué à constituer. Elle fait apparaître la complexité politique, culturelle et sociale de cette mémoire. Elle souligne la longue absence d’une mémoire « officielle ». Son inscription physique pérenne est l’une des illustrations de l’évolution de ce rapport entre la nation et l’événement, tout comme les transformations des phénomènes commémoratifs. Ils rendent compte de la difficile construction d’un récit partagé et d’une mobilisation renouvelée en faveur des victimes. L’appartenance à un socle mémoriel commun à la nation américaine intervient après la mobilisation continue d’un syndicat de l’industrie de la confection textile, l’ILGWU, pour faire reconnaître cet accident industriel, pour s’opposer à la violence faite à celles et ceux qui sont presque oubliés : des femmes majoritairement, jeunes, migrantes venues d’Europe de l’Est et du Sud, ouvrières alors sans qualification. Des dimensions didactique et pédagogique du drame dont la transmission a pu prendre appui sur des productions mémorielles qui s’enracinent dans la culture des communautés juives new-yorkaises auxquelles appartiennent la majorité de victimes et des membres de l’ILGWU., puis la dépasse. Cette mémoire s’ancre dans le deuil mais surtout dans le combat, toujours d’actualité, pour obtenir une égalité de droits politiques et sociaux, pour parvenir à une meilleure protection des plus vulnérables de la classe ouvrière
(Re)découvrir les mathématiques médiévales: l’héritage de Fibonacci pour l’enseignement des mathématiques aujourd’hui
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this article is to examine the historical legacy of the 13th-century Pisan mathematician in today’s teaching. After outlining a few general points about the role of the history of mathematics in secondary education, we look at how French school textbooks (for the upper-secondary level) make use of Fibonacci’s work in relation to the concepts of numbers, sequences and algorithms. By broadening the scope of resources, we then explore how these old ideas could be adapted to current educational needs in France. From stimulating pupils’ curiosity through historical narratives to promoting problem-solving skills (in particular with recreational ones) inspired by Fibonacci’s methods, we indicate some strategies which we deem likely to enhance students’ learning experience in mathematics.Cet article vise à interroger l’héritage historique du mathématicien pisan du XIIIe siècle dans l’enseignement actuel. Après avoir rappelé quelques éléments généraux sur le rôle de l’histoire des mathématiques dans l’enseignement secondaire, nous étudions comment les manuels scolaires français (pour le lycée) s’emparent de l’œuvre de Fibonacci en lien avec les concepts de nombres, de suites ou d’algorithmes. En élargissant le champ des ressources, nous explorons ensuite comment ces idées anciennes pourraient être adaptées aux besoins pédagogiques actuels en France. De la stimulation de la curiosité des élèves à travers des récits historiques à la promotion des compétences en résolution de problèmes (notamment récréatifs) inspirées par les méthodes de Fibonacci, nous indiquons quelques stratégies susceptibles d’améliorer les expériences d’apprentissage en mathématiques
Value of qPCR in the screening strategy for Candida auris
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Candida auris has emerged as a major fungal pathogen responsible for persistent outbreaks, highlighting the importance of an effective screening strategy to control its spread in healthcare settings. Following a confirmed C. auris infection, we incorporated a specific qPCR assay into the screening process. Contact patients and environmental samples were screened weekly using culture and qPCR methods. We used these results to manage patients’ cohorting, room disinfection, and new admissions in real time. The qPCR allowed us to identify 37 colonized patients and detect 47 contaminated environmental sites. While being specific, qPCR was more sensitive than culture in detecting C. auris colonization, enabling prompt infection control measures. This strategy was effective as the spread of C. auris in our institution was contained within 2 months. Our results support the inclusion of specific qPCR in the screening strategy for the early detection of C. auris in healthcare facilities
Country-level impact of climate change on maternal and newborn health: Associations between temperature, precipitation, maternal mortality, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Evidence connecting extreme heat to maternal and newborn health outcomes is needed at country level, especially in tropical areas. DHIS2 (District Health Information Software 2) collects aggregated population health data by health zone in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods: Drawing from DHIS2 records of 22⋅7 million DRC births 2018-2023, spatio-temporal modeling assessed associations between maternal mortality, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality and same-month, remotely sensed temperature, precipitation, anomalous high temperature (>95th percentile), and anomalous heavy precipitation (>95th percentile), controlling for month, year, remoteness, and health zone. Findings: Temperatures > 34 • C and anomalous heavy precipitation were strongly associated with increases in same-month stillbirth and maternal mortality and less strongly associated with neonatal mortality. The stillbirth rate rose by 2⋅3/1,000 births for every degree increase above 34 • C (95% CI: 1⋅9; 2⋅5) or by 5⋅9/1,000 births in months > 95th percentile (32⋅9 • C; 95% CI: 5⋅1; 6⋅7). Maternal mortality rose by 27⋅3 deaths/100,000 live births for every degree increase above 34 • C (95% CI: 19⋅1; 35⋅7) or by 95⋅3 deaths/100,000 live births in months > 95th percentile (95% CI: 71⋅3; 119⋅4). Months with anomalous heavy precipitation were associated with an increase of 5⋅4 stillbirths/1,000 births (95% CI: 4⋅8; 6⋅2) and with 120 maternal deaths/100,000 live births (95% CI: 100⋅9; 139⋅5). Interpretation: DHIS2 data offer a readily available opportunity to assess associations between climate and country-level population health outcomes. Further work is needed to hone and evaluate effective approaches that protect mothers and newborns in the face of projected warming and rainfall changes. Risk-based planning, geographic targeting, and stakeholder coordination will support appropriate, context-specific responses.</div
An Online DCA and DQN Based Approach for Truck-Drone Delivery Problems
No full textInternational audienc
« Prendre un pont arc-en-ciel », Penser les changements culturels induits par la nucléarisation du territoire à Mangareva
No full textInternational audienceAlors que le dispositif d’ignorance projeté sur Mangareva depuis la première moitié du XXe siècle favorise la reproduction d’un schéma explicatif limité, dans lequel la colonisation missionnaire aurait induit une destruction pure et simple de la culture propre à l’archipel, la métaphore du « pont arc-en-ciel » constitue une hypothèse de travail stimulante qui permet d’introduire un autre tournant, celui de l’implantation du CEP, dans une périodisation plus riche, ne niant ni l’existence actuelle d’une énonciation culturelle mangarévienne, ni les difficultés que les acteurs et actrices impliquées dans cette dynamique identifient
Vanadium dioxide radiative thermal transistor achieves hundredfold amplification of far-field heat current
No full textInternational audienceWe experimentally demonstrate the operation of a radiative thermal transistor capable of switching, modulating, and amplifying far-field heat currents. This three-terminal device exploits the metal-insulator transition of VO2 thin films deposited on both surfaces of a substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This phase transition induces a sharp variation of the infrared emissivity of the VO2/substrate/VO2 system acting as the transistor base placed in between two heat-flux sensors playing the roles of the emitter and collector. Unlike previous studies, we consider substrates of r-cut and c-cut sapphire, and Si/SiO2 to correlate different microstructural properties of VO2 to its emissivity variations and optimize the thermal performance of the developed thermal transistor. By measuring the heat fluxes emitter-base and base-collector, we find that the thermal transistor implemented with a VO2/SiO2/Si base exhibits the highest thermal switching efficiency (3.6) and the largest modulation amplitude (60 W/m²), while the VO2 on r-sapphire base yields the highest amplification factor of 126. These record figures of merit underscore the critical role of the VO2 substrate selection and demonstrate the potential of radiative thermal transistors for advanced thermal management applications.Radiative heat transfer plays a crucial role in energy management, photovoltaic conversion, temperature control, and, more recently, thermal information processing. Over the past decade, advances in heat management have encouraged the emergence of thermotronic science. Inspired by classical electronics, this field treats heat transfer similarly to electrical current, with thermal flow driven by a temperature gradient instead of an electrical potential difference. The goal is to exploit heat flow, often seen as wasted energy, for computational applications. In this emerging framework, thermal computing refers to the concept of performing logic operations and information processing using temperature gradients and heat currents, rather than electric charge or voltage. This approach could enable the development of thermal logic gates, memory elements, and signal amplifiers that operate in environments where electronic circuits are impractical or inefficient. In this context, thermal information processing has been explored through the design of devices such as thermal diodes [1-4], transistors [5-11], memristors [12-14] and logic gates [15] using smart materials with tunable properties. Among these materials, phase change</p
