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Les devoirs en bas de chez soi. Socialisations « à » et « par » l’espace dans un local associatif au pied d’un HLM d’une ville de banlieue populaire
No full textInternational audienceCette communication analyse le travail de socialisation « à » et « par » l’espace (surveillance rapprochée, agencement des lieux, mise à disposition d’objets, opportunités de rencontres) sur les enfants et les adolescents effectuée dans un local associatif d’aide aux devoirs, se trouvant au pied d’une barre HLM d’une ville de banlieue populaire parisienne à forte composante migratoire. Elle s’appuie sur une partie du matériau collecté dans le cadre d’une thèse, commencée en 2020, sur la construction et les effets de la politique de Cité Educative au sein de cette ville. Plus précisément, les photographies et les observations participantes, effectuées dans le local à raison d’une fois par semaine pendant trois mois en 2022 et plus ponctuellement en 2023 et 2024 sont mobilisées. Elle s’inscrit dans la lignée de la sociologie urbaine [Chamboredon et Lemaire, 1970 ; Gilbert, 2016] et de la sociologie de la socialisation [Darmon, 2016].Le local étudié est mis à disposition par une association qui promeut la pratique du sport, des activités culturelles et éducatives auprès d’un public qu’elle qualifie de « fragilisé ». Elle fonctionne en partenariat avec le club de basket de la ville. Les enfants et les jeunes, majoritairement d’origine populaire et habitant le quartier, âgés de 7 à 21 ans, fréquentant le local, bénéficient ainsi du programme « Sport et Education » de l’association qui inclue les entraînements de basket et les séances d’aide aux devoirs. Si l’association entend avant tout forger chez les enfants des dispositions scolaires, elle inclut également parmi ces objectifs une forme de socialisation « à » l’espace [Cayouette-Remblière et al., 2019] : il s’agit non seulement de transformer le rapport à l’école et au travail et les ambitions scolaires et professionnelles des jeunes et des enfants, mais aussi leur rapport au quartier. L’association souhaite inculquer le respect de l’environnement et du voisinage, renforcer la vigilance des enfants lors des déplacements et éviter une certaine forme d’investissement de l’espace (« traîner »). Le travail de socialisation « par » l’espace renforce le contrôle réticulaire autour de l’enfance et de la jeunesse des quartiers populaires [Kechichian, 2023]. L’espace est pensé, aménagé, surveillé et son usage, règlementé pour familiariser les enfants avec l’univers et la discipline scolaire [Vincent, 1980]. Les enfants et les jeunes s’approprient l’espace pour en tirer des ressources [Faure et Thin, 2019] parfois en dehors des objectifs de l’institution [Grasperge et Adane, 2022
« Le Général Bonaparte au pont d’Arcole d’Antoine-Jean Gros : un modèle d’expression du tempérament du chef militaire au combat ? »
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Informal Firms' Adoption and Use of Mobile Money Under Uncertain Times: Evidence From Burkina Faso
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT This paper investigates how uncertainty affects mobile money adoption and use by informal businesses. Despite the prevalence of the informal sector in developing countries and the recognized potential of mobile money for financial inclusion, empirical research on its adoption and usage among unregistered businesses is limited. Therefore, our study aims at filling this gap by taking into account the impact of the COVID‐19 shocks as well as recent political turmoil in Burkina Faso. We consider three waves of business survey data from a quasi‐experimental introduction of mobile money merchant accounts in March 2021. Using linear probability and random effects models, our findings indicate that security is a critical factor driving merchant account adoption and usage after accounting for business and owner characteristics. However, temporary business closures during COVID‐19 negatively affect merchant account adoption while positively affecting its usage. Overall, this study supports global policy efforts to enhance financial inclusion among private sector businesses through mobile technology
Attomolar sensing of cancer markers using a novel plasmonic nanocomposite thin film for early stage disease diagnosis
No full textInternational audienceA plasmonic device with a complex design has been developed. The nanocomposite, consisting of an ultra-thin aluminum oxide matrix with tiny embedded silver nanoparticles and a gold film, is fabricated in a single reactor using dual laser ablation. It enables sub-attomolar cancer markers detection, offering promise for early disease diagnosis
Exploring theory of mind abilities in Lebanese chronic patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: In recent decades, social cognition has become a central focus in schizophrenia research. Multiple previous studies reported impairments in multiple social cognitive domains. One particular domain of social cognition affected in schizophrenia is "Theory of Mind (TOM). The objective of this study was to examine the heterogeneity of ToM impairments within the schizophrenia population and compare TOM performance between individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and a matched healthy control group. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2024 and September 2024 at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (HPC) in Lebanon that explored TOM abilities in 146, chronic Lebanese schizophrenia inpatients and 50 healthy controls, using the Arabic translation of the "TOM-15," a False Belief Task. Results: A significant difference between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls was found, with the patient group scoring poorer on both first-order, and second-order false belief and in the comprehension control task of the TOM-15. Furthermore, among the patient population, impairments in second-order false belief were more pronounced than first-order. Performance on the BACS scale for neuro-cognition showed moderate associations with performance on the TOM-15. Multivariable analysis revealed a negative association between depression and second-order tasks as well as females outperforming males in TOM-15, especially in the second-order task. Conclusion:The results revealed significant TOM impairments in patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls, with greater difficulties observed in second-order false belief tasks.</div
Psychometric evaluation of the Nursing Homes Short Depression Inventory (NH-SDI) across long-term care facilities in Lebanon
No full textInternational audienceThe Nursing Homes Short Depression Inventory (NH-SDI) is an observer-reported measure used to identify depressive symptoms in older adults living in nursing homes. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the NH-SDI (Arabic version) in long-term care facilities (LTCF). MethodsThe NH-SDI was translated to Arabic, assessed by a panel of experts, and pilot-tested. Data were collected from 21 nursing homes and assisted-living centers over a period of 9 months in 2022. The psychometric properties of the 16-item scale were examined via principal component analysis (PCA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Cronbach's α, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results A total of 245 individuals, ranging in age from 65 to 100 years, were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 77.8 ± 8.4 years and the prevalence of depression was 31.8%, based on physicians' diagnosis. The PCA produced a four-factor model, accounting for 63.3% of the overall variance. A good model fit in CFA was achieved for a 13-item model (χ 2 /df = 1.95, RMSEA = 0.07, GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.90, NFI = 0.86, and TLI = 0.89). A positive correlation was found between NH-SDI and WHO-5 Well-being Index (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). The cut-off point was 3.5 (area under the curve = 0.83, sensitivity = 88.5%, specificity = 69.5%). The Cronbach's α and ICC achieved good values (0.83 and 0.93, respectively). ConclusionThe Arabic version of the NH-SDI (13 items) is valid and reliable for detecting depressive symptoms among elderly residents in Lebanon.</div
Myeloid neoplasms risks for germline DDX41 pathogenic variants carriers
No full textInternational audienceMonoallelic germline DDX41 pathogenic variants (PV) are responsible for the most frequent monogenic predisposition to myeloid neoplasms (MN), i.e., to myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. MN are rare clonal diseases affecting hematopoietic tissues, and curative approaches frequently implicate hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, requesting testing for relatives of DDX41-mutated MN patients. Establishing the penetrance of germline DDX41 PV is crucial to determine how to monitor the unaffected relatives who carry the familial DDX41 PV. Our study aims to assess the risk of MN in relatives of affected DDX41 carriers using the Genotype-Restricted-Likelihood (GRL) approach. We identified 63 families with probands carrying a germline DDX41 PV (ACMG class 4 or class 5 variant) affected with MN, from 11 French centers. One hundred and sixty relatives, including 73 males (46%), were genotyped at the median age of 51 [range: 15-84] years, 80 of them (50%) being carriers of the familial DDX41 PV. The cumulative risk of MN at 70 years for DDX41 PV carriers was estimated at 19.5% [95% CI: 5.8%-62.5%], corresponding to a relative risk compared to the general population of 55 [95% CI: 16.4-176.5]. This risk appeared higher in males, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Based on these findings, we suggest yearly complete blood count from the age of 50 for DDX41 PV carriers. Of note, we observed cases before the age of 50 in females, which could suggest sex-differentiated monitoring
Cotracking of Na+ and Br– Adsorption through Surface-Induced Quadrupolar Relaxation (SIQR): An Alternative to Zeta Potential Measurements for High Ionic Strengths (>0.1 M) and Nondispersed Liquid–Solid Mixtures
No full textInternational audienceWe compare traditional zeta potential measurements with a surface-induced quadrupolar relaxation-based approach to characterize the surface electric properties of oxides in aqueous media, particularly at high ionic strengths and solid contents where classical methods fail. Three oxide materials (two TiO2 and one α-alumina) were tested in 1 M NaBr aqueous solutions. Zeta potential measurements are expected to yield reliable isoelectric points (IEP) at moderate solid contents and up to 0.1 M ionic strengths. In contrast, NMR relaxation rate measurements, exploiting surface-induced quadrupolar relaxation (SIQR) of 81Br and 23Na, successfully provided IEP even at 1 M ionic strength and high solid content, although they are usually much more challenging under conditions suitable for conventional zeta potential measurements. Our NMR results correlated well with zeta potential trends at lower concentrations. Notably, TiO2_325 showed only acidic surface behavior, likely due to surface carbonate and/or phosphate groups. Surface acidity constants derived from NMR data allowed IEP estimation consistent with the literature values. This demonstrates that NMR relaxation rate measurements provide a robust alternative to zeta potential experiments under conditions where the latter are unreliable
Between Exploitation and Resilience: Labour as a Lens on Creole Identity in Grand Café Martinique and L’Hôtel du Bon Plaisir by Raphaël Confiant
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the representation of labour in Raphaël Confiant’s novels Grand Café Martinique (2020) and L’Hôtel du Bon Plaisir (2009) to explore its role in shaping postcolonial Creole identity. Drawing on creolization theory, postcolonial thought, and Domenico Losurdo’s Marxist‐decolonial critiques, it employs a comparative textual analysis. The study contrasts colonial agricultural entrepreneurship with contemporary informal social labour, unveiling structures of exploitation, acts of resistance, and identity transformation. Conclusions highlight that, for Confiant, labour serves as a lens to critique colonial legacies while affirming Creole resilience
