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Hepatic flexure breakdown strategy with adaptive traction for endoscopic submucosal dissection
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Le droit et le devoir de se taire
No full textInternational audienceSaisi de l’exclusion définitive d’un élève-policier qui avait reconnu du courage à des auteurs d’actes terroristes, le Conseil d’État estime ces propos incompatibles avec la qualité de fonctionnaire de police. Il en profite pour confirmer que le droit de se taire ne peut être invoqué à un stade préalable à l’engagement de poursuites disciplinaires et n’entraîne pas toujours, même lorsqu’il est méconnu, l’annulation de la sanction. Ce faisant, il approfondit sa jurisprudence relative aux actes ne pouvant conduire qu’à la rupture du lien avec le service et confirme que le droit de garder le silence ne bouleversera pas les procédures disciplinaires
Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Detection of Biogenicity Using Laboratory Specimens of Biologically and Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures in a Controlled Experiment
No full textInternational audienceThe search for traces of life can be based on the detection of specific signatures produced by microorganisms on sedimentary rocks. Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISSs) develop under specific physicochemical conditions that are likely to have potentially existed on Mars during the Noachian period. We designed an experiment under controlled laboratory conditions to explore the wide range variability in biogeomorphological responses of clay–sand substrates to the development of biological mats—including microbial mats—of different strains and biomasses, and an abiotic control. A 3D picture dataset based on the experiment was built using multi-image photogrammetry. Visual observations were combined with multivariate statistics on computed topographical variables to interpret the diversity in the resulting biotic and abiotic mud cracks. Finally, an artificial intelligence (AI) classifier based on convolutional neural networks was trained with the data. The resulting model predicted accurately not only the biotic–abiotic differences but also the differences between strains and biomasses of biotic treatments. Its results outperformed the blind human classification, even using only grayscale pictures. Class Activation Maps showed that AI followed several decision paths, not always like those of the human expert. Next steps are proposed for application of these models to ex situ biogeomorphological structures (fossil and modern MISS) on Earth’s surface, to ultimately transpose them to a martian context
L'arsenic : comment surveiller sa présence dans la ressource en eau ?
No full textInternational audienceL’arsenic est naturellement présent dans différentes roches. Il se solubilise et rejoint la ressource en eau principalement par des phénomènes d’échange d’électrons (processus d’oxydo-réduction), parfois accentués par les actions humaines. Il a la particularité d’être un ion chargé négativement se trouvant principalement sous deux formes chimiques minérales dans les eaux. Ce métalloïde est essentiellement connu comme toxique et il convient de contrôler sa présence dans les eaux. Cet article évoque quelques possibilités de surveillance avec une approche chimique ou biologique
Quantification of in-plane stress development during drying of tape-cast ceramic layers by cantilever deflection method
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Students as co-designers in health professional education: a scoping review
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Over the last thirteen years, there has been a notable increase in both research and practice related to student-staff partnerships in higher education. However, within health professional education (HPE), studies on these partnerships remain limited and often rely on broader higher education frameworks. Existing research primarily focuses on role dynamics and relational aspects rather than on structured co-design processes, where students actively contribute to shaping educational content, assessments, or curricula. Building upon previous work, this study specifically examines co-design as a distinct dimension of student-staff partnerships in HPE, an area that has not been thoroughly addressed in recent literature reviews. Methods In accordance with the PRISMA-ScR 2018 statement, we performed searches in online databases—Cochrane, Ovid, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus—for original articles published in English from 2010 to 2023. These articles needed to describe empirical studies focused on co-designed training programs in health professions. We then conducted a qualitative and descriptive analysis of the selected articles to examine how the principle of students as co-designers is portrayed and investigated in health professional education. Results The search (title, abstract, keywords) identified 703 potentially relevant abstracts addressing co-design in healthcare education. Screening of these abstracts narrowed it down to 84 articles. Further evaluation of these full articles resulted in a final sample of 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria. We analyzed the content of these 20 articles using the following categories: basic characteristics (year of publication, country, professional domain, educational grade, topic of the training), co-design characteristics (context and initiative, framework and definition, purposes, stakeholders, process), and study characteristics (aim, research framework, population, data collection and analysis, key findings). Our analysis revealed that co-design in HPE lacks standardized frameworks and rigorous empirical evaluation. Many studies emphasize student contributions but do not provide detailed methodological guidance on how co-design is structured, implemented, or assessed. Additionally, findings indicate that most studies focus on undergraduate education, with postgraduate applications remaining underexplored. Conclusions This review underscores co-design as an emerging yet underdeveloped approach in health professional education. While its potential benefits—such as enhancing student engagement, fostering innovation, and improving training relevance—are widely acknowledged, the field lacks structured methodologies and theoretical grounding. Future research should focus on developing clear frameworks, assessing co-design’s long-term impact on learning outcomes, and differentiating it from broader collaborative approaches. Strengthening methodological rigor and empirical validation will be essential for positioning co-design as a sustainable and evidence-based practice in health professions education
(In)visibilisations afrodescendantes : origines et enjeux contemporains pour les organisations afrocolombiennes
No full textThis study examines the processes of (in)visibilisation of Afro-Colombian populations within the contemporary sociopolitical sphere, focusing on the trajectories, narratives, and collective actions of Afro-descendant associations in Colombia. It interrogates the contradictions between a symbolic recognition of diversity—enshrined in the 1991 Constitution and Law 70- dating back to 1993—and the persistence of structural racism that continues to marginalize and disadvantage Afro-descendants.The research is based on qualitative fieldwork conducted through interviews with several Afro-Colombian organizations and associations and in-depth interviews of activists, civil society, researchers and social leaders. These present testimonies, put in correlation historical dimension, shed light on the continuous of Afro-descendant struggles from the colonial period—marked by slavery and the transatlantic slave trade—to the contemporary period wth mobilizations for racial justice, memory, and civic inclusion.By combining historical analysis, activist testimonies, and the study of media representations, this dissertation demonstrates that Afro-Colombian visibility is a conflictual and unfinished process, marked by tensions between structural invisibilization and creative forms of resistance. It highlights the central role of Afro-Colombian organizations as laboratories of citizenship, spaces for memory transmission, and platforms for genuine inclusion within the Colombian national project.Cette thèse analyse les processus d’(in)visibilisation des populations afrocolombiennes dans le champ sociopolitique contemporain, en mettant au centre les trajectoires, récits et actions collectives des organisations afrodescendantes en Colombie. Elle interroge les contradictions entre une reconnaissance symbolique de la diversité, inscrite dans la Constitution de 1991 et la Loi 70 de 1993, et la persistance d’un racisme structurel qui marginalise et fragilise les Afrodescendants.Cette recherche repose sur une enquête qualitative menée auprès de plusieurs organisations et associations afrocolombiennes et sur des entretiens approfondis avec des militants, des membres de la société civile, des chercheurs et des leaders sociaux. Ces témoignages, articulés à une perspective historique, permettent de mettre en lumière la continuité des luttes afrodescendantes depuis la période coloniale, marquée par l’esclavage et le commerce triangulaire, jusqu’aux mobilisations actuelles pour la justice raciale, la mémoire et l’inclusion citoyenne.En croisant analyse historique, témoignages militants et étude des représentations médiatiques, cette thèse montre que la lutte pour la visibilisation afrocolombienne est un processus conflictuel et inachevé, marqué par des tensions entre invisibilisation structurelle et résistances créatives. Elle met en évidence le rôle central des organisations afrocolombiennes comme laboratoires de citoyenneté, espaces de transmission mémorielle et plateformes de lutte pour une inclusion réelle au sein du projet national colombien
L'agglomération artisanale laténienne de Saint-Gence (PCR en cours)
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