95306 research outputs found

    Le théâtre-forum comme artefact : accompagner le développement professionnel des enseignants au 21ème siècle.

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    The thesis deals with the true activity of teachers and the way they act daily in their class, starting from the postulate that what we see in the activity is not enough to grasp its complexity. This means that to fully understand the activity, for the researcher as well as for the practitioner, implies an access to the intentions, the concerns and the clues derived from the action, and therefore to the professional gestures (Bucheton, 2019). This research topic relies on the theory of conceptualization in action (Vergnaud, 1996) and the contributions of professional didactics (Pastré, 2011). The analysis of professional gestures makes it possible to infer the schemes and operating models of the actors, thus giving access to the understanding of invariance and variability of practices within educational situations. A complex system of activity analysis was tested in the Reunion academy, before being implemented on an initial field of inquiry, in a middle school located in priority education area, in Reunion island. The third phase of the research-training took place in a French high school in Quebec. The device is organized around a diverted use of forum theater (Boal, 1985). For our research, the forum theatre is a way to play again critical situations lived by teachers and educational staff who work with them, to understand and face the difficulties and the dilemmas in the action. In that case, it offers many opportunities, thanks to the proposal of alternatives played by the « spect-actors » (Boal, 1985) and to the risk-taking permitted by the theatre. The forum theatre becomes an « artefact » (Rabardel, 1995) given to the protagonists, who can use it as a psychological instrument, in a process of « instrumental genesis » (Rabardel, 2005). The heuristic vision of the research lies in the shared understanding of the complexity of the teacher's doing. On the praxeological front, the goal is to support the professional development of teachers by highlighting and discussing the professsional gestures that will promote learning among all the students, therefore building a living conservatory of possible actions.La thèse porte sur l’activité des enseignants et la façon dont ils agissent en situation, en partant du postulat que la part observable de l’activité ne suffit pas à en saisir la complexité. Cela signifie que la compréhension du sens de l’activité, pour le chercheur mais aussi pour le praticien lui-même, passe par l’accès aux intentions, aux préoccupations, aux indices prélevés dans l’action et donc aux gestes professionnels (Bucheton, 2019). La recherche s’appuie sur la théorie de la conceptualisation dans l’action (Vergnaud, 1996) et les apports de la didactique professionnelle (Pastré, 2011). L’analyse des gestes professionnels permet d’inférer les schèmes et modèles opératifs des acteurs, donnant ainsi accès à la compréhension de l’invariance et de la variabilité des pratiques au sein des situations éducatives. Un dispositif complexe d’analyse de l’activité a été expérimenté dans l’académie de La Réunion, avant d’être mis en œuvre sur un premier terrain d’enquête (Dewey, 2006) dans un collège situé en éducation prioritaire à La Réunion. La recherche-formation s’est ensuite déployée dans un lycée français au Québec. Le dispositif s’organise autour d’un usage détourné du théâtre-forum (Boal, 1985). Dans le cadre de notre recherche, le théâtre-forum est utilisé pour rejouer des situations problématiques vécues par les enseignants et personnels éducatifs qui collaborent avec eux, et de comprendre les difficultés et les dilemmes rencontrés dans l’action. Il devient alors un lieu d’actualisation des possibles, à travers les propositions d’alternatives jouées par les « spect-acteurs » (Boal, 1985) et les prises de risque autorisées par l’agir dramaturgique. Le théâtre-forum constitue ici un « artefact » (Rabardel, 1995) proposé aux acteurs qui peuvent en faire un instrument psychologique, à l’occasion d’un processus de « genèse instrumentale » (Rabardel, 1999). La visée heuristique de la recherche réside dans la compréhension partagée de la complexité de l’agir enseignant. Sur le plan praxéologique, l’objectif est d’accompagner le développement professionnel en faisant émerger et discuter les gestes professionnels susceptibles de favoriser les apprentissages de tous les élèves, construisant ainsi un conservatoire des possibles d’action

    Les lycées français à l’étranger, acteurs historiques de la diplomatie ?

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    https://theconversation.com/les-lycees-francais-a-letranger-acteurs-historiques-de-la-diplomatie-26591

    [ CR de lecture ] - Guillaume Fondu, La naissance du marxisme. Allemagne, Russie, URSS

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    International audienceRéférence(s) :Guillaume Fondu, La naissance du marxisme. Allemagne, Russie, URSS, Paris, CNRS Éditions, 2024,392 p. CR de lecture paru dans : Revue d’histoire des sciences humaines [En ligne], 46 | 2025, mis en ligne le 28 octobre 2025. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/rhsh/11283 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/153c

    A note on stable Kim-forking

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    We define weak stable Kim-forking, a notion that generalizes stable forking to the context of NSOP1 theories. We adapt some of the known results on stable forking to this context

    Santé organisationnelle et pouvoir d'agir: une lecture de l'appropriation des normes par les conseillers de France Travail au prisme de la philosophie de Georges Canguilhem

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    International audience"This article analyses the relationship between the health of an organisation − France Travail − and the power to act of its advisers. In doing so, we follow in the theoretical footsteps of Canguilhem, who defines health as normativity, i.e. the ability to appropriate established norms. The qualitative research is based on a protocol derived from the ergological approach. It was carried out in three agencies in the Occitanie and Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur regions, and involved field observations and individual and group interviews (work encounter groups). We show that the forms of this appropriation reflect relationships to organisational norms that oscillate between compliance, interpretation and transgression. The instability of the norms, and a strong but disembodied management discourse on the advisers' ``room for manoeuvre'', prevent the appropriation strategies deployed from having an overall positive impact on their well-being and health. These results suggest that the advisers' practices would benefit from greater discussion, which would mean strengthening dialogue and collective forms of learning. Beyond this case study, and despite the inherent limitations of this exercise, the link between the appropriation of organisational norms and health at work appears to be a fruitful area for research, particularly in the wake of the upheavals caused by the covid-19 crisis."Cet article analyse les relations entre la santé d'une organisation − France Travail − et le pouvoir d'agir de ses conseillers. Nous nous situons pour cela dans le sillage théorique de Canguilhem qui définit la santé comme normativité, c'est-à-dire comme capacité à s'approprier les normes instituées. La recherche qualitative s'appuie sur un protocole issu de la démarche ergologique. Elle a été menée dans trois agences d'Occitanie et de Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur et a associé des observations de terrain, des entretiens individuels et collectifs (groupes de rencontres du travail). Nous montrons que les formes de cette appropriation traduisent des rapports aux normes organisationnelles qui oscillent entre conformité, interprétation et transgression. L'instabilité des normes, ainsi qu'un discours fort mais désincarné de la direction sur les " marges de manøeuvre " des conseillers, empêchent que les stratégies d'appropriation déployées aient un impact globalement positif sur leur bien-être et leur santé. Ces résultats suggèrent que les pratiques des conseillers gagneraient à être mieux discutées, ce qui supposerait de renforcer le dialogue et les formes d'apprentissage collectives. Au-delà de cette étude de cas et en dépit des limites inhérentes à cet exercice, le lien entre appropriation des normes organisationnelles et santé au travail semble constituer une piste de recherche féconde, notamment après les bouleversements induits par la crise du covid-19.

    Creating Neighborhoods for Participatory Democracy

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    International audienceThe democratie de proximite Act of February 2002 led to a major expansion in the number of local councils, which are part of local political life. Since the 1990s in France, various forms of citizen participation in local political life have been emerging, without giving rise to changes in the local boundaries for action. Under the 2002 law, local authorities were required to draw up permanent boundaries for participation districts. The verbatim reports of the national parliamentary chambers, the National Assembly and the Senate on the so-called “proximate democracy” law provide an insight into the opinions and views of parliamentarians, two thirds of whom are local councilors, on local politics. The inclusion of social parameters in the political delimitation of neighborhoods reflects an evolution in territorial representations, but at the risk of a socially and spatially differentiated participatory democracy

    Chemical modification of sialylated oligosaccharides to functionalize nanostructured lipid carriers: exploring two different strategies

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    International audienceNanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are innovative lipid-based formulations made up of a carefully balanced mixture of solid and liquid lipids in their core. This unique architecture offers several advantages over traditional lipid nanoparticles, including enhanced stability and improved drug loading capacity. NLC nanoparticles hold great promise across various sectors, including pharmaceuticals, healthcare, dietary supplements, functional foods and beverages, as well as cosmetics and personal care products. To enhance the targeting capabilities of these nanoparticles, their surface must be functionalized with biomolecules to support specific interactions with biological receptors. Here, we compared two synthesis strategies for functionalizing the surface of NLCs with N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a major carbohydrate involved in many cellular functions. 6′- and 3′-Sialyllactose were enzymatically produced and directly functionalized on their reducing ends using either oxime ligation or reductive amination. In the first strategy, thiol-modified oligosaccharides were grafted onto maleimide-decorated NLCs, and the second strategy focused on incorporating sialylated glycolipids into the formulation. Both methods successfully produced stable and monodisperse nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 60 to 100 nm. The functionalization efficiency (46 to 86%) was assessed by quantifying Neu5Ac present at the particle surface. The grafting approach yielded safe nanoparticles that show potential for use in anti-adhesive therapies against pathogens, such as the influenza viruses. However, their effectiveness needs to be optimized by further increasing carbohydrate density on the nanoparticle surfac

    Mathematical modeling of the feather follicle morphogenetic wave in birds

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    International audienceDuring the development of the avian skin, feather follicles are produced in a medio-lateral morphogenetic wave that results in their spatial arrangement in typical patterns. This wave involves the timely acquisition of pattern-forming competence followed by a row-by-row produc tion of feather follicles. While several mathematical models combining self-organizing systems accurately reproduced dynamics of feather follicle pattern formation, the events that control timely parameters of wave propagation remain poorly understood. Here, we built on previous modeling work to theoretically calculate the speed at which tissue competence progresses. Using a weakly non-linear analysis, we calculated the speed at which follicles emerge once competence is attained. We produced numerical simulations of our model to predict the respective influences of competence acquisition and follicle emergence on each other and on wave propagation. Our results show that the theoretical speed of follicle emergence is limited by competence acquisition, but that, in turn, competence acquisition is not constrained by follicle emergence. This modeling work provides an approximation of the timely parameters of the morphogenetic wave, and sheds light on the interplay between competence and patterning events in the developing skin

    Traitement de vidéo pour l'analyse modale expérimentale de structures élancées

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    Monitoring mechanical structures is essential to ensure the safety and durability of infrastructures. This thesis examines experimental modal analysis for the identification and monitoring of structural defects using a high-speed camera and compares it with sensors traditionally employed in this field, such as accelerometers, piezoelectric patches, and laser vibrometers. The primary objective is to develop effective and easy-to-implement experimental modal analysis tools for diagnostics.A methodology comparing traditional sensors with video imaging has been developed, with the future aim of applying it to structural monitoring. The work primarily focuses on the various stages of the approach, such as spatial alignment and data processing, to enhance the accuracy of the results obtained. The findings include the validation of these methods on a slender structure subjected to various excitations. The secondary objective is to conduct an in-depth analysis to determine the smallest detectable motion whose amplitude is accurately estimated, all validated numerically.In summary, this research proposes and analyses a simple method for structural monitoring and provides insights into the detection of very small movements based on video measurements, contributing to both theoretical knowledge and practical industrial applications.La surveillance des structures mécaniques est essentielle pour assurer la sécurité et la durabilité des infrastructures. Cette thèse étudie l'analyse modale expérimentale pour l'identification et la surveillance des défauts structurels, utilisant une caméra rapide, et la compare avec des capteurs traditionnellement employés dans ce domaine, tels que les accéléromètres, les patchs piézoélectriques et les vibromètres laser. Le premier objectif est de développer des outils d'analyse modale expérimentale efficaces et simples à mettre en œuvre pour le diagnostic.Une méthodologie comparant les capteurs traditionnels avec l'imagerie vidéo a été élaborée, dans le but futur de l'appliquer à la surveillance des structures. Le travail se concentre principalement sur les différentes étapes de l'approche telles que sur le recalage spatial et le traitement des données pour améliorer la précision des résultats obtenus. Les résultats incluent la validation de ces méthodes sur une structure élancée soumise à diverses excitations. Le second objectif est de réaliser une analyse approfondie qui permette de déterminer quel est le plus petit mouvement détectable et dont l'amplitude est correctement estimée, le tout validé numériquement.En résumé, cette recherche propose et analyse une méthode simple pour la surveillance des structures et des pistes pour la détection de mouvements très faibles basés sur des mesures vidéo, contribuant à la fois à l'avancement des connaissances théoriques et à des applications concrètes dans l'industrie

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