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Supreme Court’s case law on the Scottish independence referendum: substance and consequences.
No full textInternational audienceWhereas the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence would have resulted in a long-term decision to remain within the United Kingdom, Brexit reshuffled the deck. The Scottish National Partyseized on the Scottish people’s strong opposition to leaving the European Union to demand a new vote fromLondon by the end of the 2010s. The Conservatives, firmly opposed to independence, consistently refused toinitiate a process similar to 2014. Amid tense relations between the two governments during Brexitnegotiations, the nationalists unilaterally launched a legislative initiative to consult the Scottish people onceagain. However, this was thwarted by the intervention of the UK Supreme Court, which ruled in 2022 thata bill providing for an advisory referendum was outside the competence of the devolved authorities. Sincethen, the SNP has entered a period of crisis, one that coincides with the return of a Labour government farmore supportive of devolution
Impulsivity and inhibitory control in Borderline Personality Disorder
No full textBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by heightened impulsivity and deficits in inhibitory control, which contribute to self-destructive behaviors and emotional dysregulation. This thesis explores these mechanisms through three complementary studies. The first study investigates the efficacy of a novel Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) protocol in modulating impulsivity in BPD. Given the involvement of prefrontal circuits in response inhibition, this research examines whether targeted non-invasive brain stimulation can improve impulsivity-related performance on cognitive tasks and reduce maladaptive behaviors. The second study is a meta-analysis assessing inhibitory control deficits in BPD, focusing on performance in the Go/No-Go Task (GNT) and Stop-Signal Task (SST). By synthesizing data from multiple studies, it aims to provide a clearer understanding of the extent and nature of response inhibition impairments in BPD, as well as potential moderating factors.The third study explores the impact of a gamified version of the SST on both task performance and subjective experience in individuals with BPD. Traditional cognitive tasks often lack ecological validity, limiting their applicability to real-world impulsivity. By integrating game-like elements, this study examines whether engagement levels influence inhibitory control measures and self-reported impulsivity. Together, these studies offer novel insights into the cognitive and neurobiological underpinnings of impulsivity in BPD, with implications for both assessment and intervention strategies.Le trouble de la personnalité borderline (TPB) se caractérise par une impulsivité accrue et des déficits du contrôle inhibiteur, contribuant à des comportements autodestructeurs et à une dysrégulation émotionnelle. Cette thèse explore ces mécanismes à travers trois études complémentaires. La première étude examine l’efficacité d’un nouveau protocole de Stimulation Magnétique Transcrânienne (SMT) dans la modulation de l’impulsivité chez les patients atteints de TPB. Étant donné l’implication des circuits préfrontaux dans l’inhibition de la réponse, cette recherche évalue si une stimulation cérébrale non invasive ciblée peut améliorer la performance aux tâches cognitives liées à l’impulsivité et réduire les comportements inadaptés. La deuxième étude est une méta-analyse évaluant les déficits du contrôle inhibiteur dans le TPB, en se concentrant sur la performance aux tâches Go/No-Go (GNT) et Stop-Signal (SST). En synthétisant les données de plusieurs études, elle vise à mieux comprendre l’ampleur et la nature des altérations de l’inhibition de réponse dans le TPB, ainsi que les facteurs modérateurs potentiels. La troisième étude explore l’impact d’une version gamifiée de la tâche SST sur la performance et l’expérience subjective des individus atteints de TPB. Les tâches cognitives traditionnelles manquent souvent de validité écologique, limitant leur pertinence pour évaluer l’impulsivité dans la vie quotidienne. En intégrant des éléments ludiques, cette étude analyse si le niveau d’engagement influence les mesures du contrôle inhibiteur et l’impulsivité auto-évaluée. Ensemble, ces études apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les bases cognitives et neurobiologiques de l’impulsivité dans le TPB, avec des implications pour l’évaluation et les stratégies d’intervention
La copie dans tous ses états. Représentations et pratiques de la copie au XIXe siècle, des journaux voleurs à Bouvard et Pécuchet
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Juliette Fabre, La Promenade littéraire de La Mothe Le Vayer à Rousseau: marcher, penser, écrire
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Organisations alternatives : faire face aux injonctions contradictoires
No full textInternational audienceSession thématique ouverte.Cette session vise à mettre en lumière et enrichir l’analyse des tensions contradictoires qui peuvent traverser les organisations dites « alternatives » (société à mission, entreprise de l’ESS, associations, etc.) : autonomie vs. contrôle, financiarisation vs. logique de long terme, réindustrialisation vs. concurrence des territoires, soutenabilité forte vs. greenwashing, etc.• Est-il possible de faire émerger une typologie de ces injonctions contradictoires ?• Quels outils conceptuels transdisciplinaires pour les éclairer ? Comment les tensions que l’on peut théoriser au niveau macro sont-elles concrètement vécues par les acteurs ?• Comment les organisations alternatives inventent de nouvelles pratiques pour y faire face
Social influence effects on food valuation generalize based on conceptual similarity
No full textInternational audienceOpinions of others influence behavior and decision-making, with important consequences for health. An unaddressed question is whether and how social influence can generalize across different situations or decisions. From a learning perspective, generalization is the transfer of previously acquired information to new stimuli and can be based on both perceptual and conceptual similarity. Here, we test whether social influence generalizes to new choices based on shared conceptual features, such as the healthiness and tastiness of different food items. We conducted three studies (total N = 468), in which healthy participants rated how much they would like to eat different food items and were subsequently presented with the ratings of several other people ('social ratings'). Unbeknownst to our participants, they were randomly assigned to social ratings that either reflected a mainly health-driven valuation of food items ('health group') or to social ratings that reflected a taste-driven valuation of food items ('taste group'). The results in all three studies showed that participants' food ratings became more influenced by healthiness in the 'health group' than in the 'taste group'. In one study, these effects further transferred to food choices in a naturalistic supermarket task. Our findings provide first evidence of generalization of social influence effects based on inferred social health norms. Futures studies could test conceptual generalization of other types of social and non-social learning and characterize the brain mechanism underlying these effects
Triggers of viral encephalitis: a brain teaser to be solved!
No full textInternational audienceAlthough viral encephalitis is an uncommon cause of admission to hospital, its morbidity and mortality burden is disproportionately high [...]. Over the years, a large panel of viruses associated with encephalitis have been identified; however, in more than half of the cases, the causative infectious agent remains unidentified and its nature varies depending on the geographical location. The reasons why a viral infection causes encephalitis remain poorly understood [...]
Blaise Pascal : la conversion de l'homme
No full textBlaise Pascal, la conversion : naturellement, l'on pense à la conversion de l'homme singulier qu'était Pascal ; cependant, son projet d'Apologie de la religion chrétienne, demeuré à l'état fragmentaire des Pensées, montre assez son ardent désir que sa conversion profite à d'autres. Tout homme, tout être humain, dans sa grandeur et sa misère, est appelé à la conversion. Ce supplément, issu d'un colloque qui s'est tenu à l'Institut catholique de Paris à l'occasion du quatrième centenaire de la naissance de Pascal, les 22 et 23 novembre 2023, explore l'expérience et la proposition pascaliennes de conversion sous les angles historique, littéraire, philosophique et théologique. Les contributions mettent en lumière la complexité de la situation religieuse et intellectuelle de la France à l'époque de Pascal, l'étonnante fécondité de son œuvre chez des auteurs aussi différents que Paul Claudel, Maurice Barrès ou André Suarès, les paradoxes de l'homme converti entre humble docilité et grandeurs, le rôle médiateur du Christ qui révèle et résout la disproportion de l'homme en lui révélant et en lui communiquant l'amour de Dieu
"Toutes les plantes ne peuvent pas bien pousser dans le même terroir" (Varron, Res Rusticae, I, 7, 5) : choix des cultures et construction du paysage chez les agronomes latins
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Meniscal tear analysis in anterior cruciate ligament rupture: A retrospective comparison of early versus delayed intervention
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal tear patterns and their effect on knee stability have been widely researched, however, their evolution and repairability from time of injury have been scarcely addressed. When addressed with delay, meniscal lesions associated with ACL tears may increase in severity and irreparability. This study aims to investigate the incidence, rate and pattern of meniscus tears in the context of ACL deficient knees and to assess the meniscal condition in early versus late ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The hypothesis was that an increased time between trauma and ACLR was associated with different meniscal tear patterns. Material and Methods: Between 2012 and 2022, ACL reconstruction was performed in 1,840 cases. Out of the reviewed 1,317 ACLR’s 726 exhibited concomitant meniscal lesions. The mean age was 32 years ±10. Meniscal tear status was evaluated during arthroscopy according to the ISAKOS classification. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to injury-to-surgery time: 2 months (610; 84%). Results: Vertical meniscal lesion was the prevalent pattern regardless of the meniscus involved and the time from injury to ACLR, accounting for 50 to 76% of the patients. No significant difference was found comparing patterns rates between early and delayed treatment groups for both compartments. There was a significant difference in the distribution of circumferential areas of meniscal tears when comparing the medial with the lateral compartment. However, no significant difference in circumferential distribution of medial or lateral meniscus tears are present when performing surgery within or beyond 2 months. Conclusion: There was no difference in meniscal tear patterns between early and delayed ACLR. The most frequent meniscal tear pattern was the vertical tear. No difference was found in circumferential distribution of meniscal tears between early and delayed ACLR. However, the circumferential distribution of meniscal tears was different comparing medial and lateral meniscus