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Écosystèmes, transformation numérique, entrepreneuriat et PME : une exploration bibliométrique.
No full textInternational audienceCet article propose une analyse de la littérature académique à l’intersection des recherches sur les écosystèmes, la transformation numérique des PME ou de l’entrepreneuriat. Cette littérature semble marquée par une hétérogénéité terminologique et une instabilité conceptuelle. L’objectif est de comprendre la construction progressive de ces travaux, de cartographier les contributions existantes et d’orienter les recherches futures.Une approche bibliométrique combinant l’analyse de co-citations des références (ACCR) et l’analyse de couplage bibliographique des documents (ACBD) a été mise en œuvre. Les résultats montrent que les travaux sont largement concentrés sur l’influence du numérique dans la structuration des écosystèmes liés à l’entrepreneuriat, avec une focalisation dominante sur les start-ups, tandis que la manière dont ces écosystèmes façonnent, en retour, la transformation numérique des PME établies reste peu explorée.Par ailleurs, plusieurs défis persistent : l'absence d’un vocabulaire unifié, un manque de structuration des rôles et la nécessité d’appréhender la coordination des écosystèmes entre eux. En réponse, une définition de l'écosystème support à la transformation numérique des PME est proposée. Ce travail appelle à un programme de recherche structuré sur ce concept, de son rôle dans les trajectoires numériques des PME et de la conception de dispositifs adaptés à leurs contraintes
Digital instrument simulator platform to support the development of noninvasive optical NIR device for placenta monitoring
No full textInternational audienceSignificance: Abnormal placental development is a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but current methods for placenta monitoring are not suitable for bedside use. Continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) is an optical technique that takes advantage of the near-infrared light to provide functional measurements such as tissue oxygenation at the bedside. However, the placenta is an organ located beneath several layers of tissue, making robust measurement of placental oxygenation with a CW-NIRS device a complex task.Aim: We propose a framework based on light propagation simulations to evaluate the sensitivity of CW-NIRS devices for placenta detection, along with tools to support NIRS instrument development for engineers. Approach:The maternal abdomen was modeled as a four-layer structure (i.e., skin, adipose tissue, muscle, and placenta). We used a numerical solution of the diffusion equation using a finite-element method to assess the sensitivity to measure placental function under various conditions (tissue layer thickness, skin tone, tissue oxygen saturation). We used a calibration procedure to evaluate the probability of acquiring a sufficient irradiation with a CW-NIRS device. We collected ultrasound abdomen images from 142 healthy pregnant participants that we segmented and digitized to demonstrate our approach.Results: With a Mini-CYRIL CW-NIRS device, we showed that placenta monitoring is not possible when using short integration time with a subject having a deep placenta (≥20 mm) and dark skin tones. With an integration time of 10 s and a temporal binning of 10 points, simulations indicated that subjects with very fair skin tone have a placenta-scanning probability of 12% at a placenta depth of 20 mm and 39% at a depth of 10 mm, using a 50 mm source-detector separation. Thick skin and dark skin tones act as a filter on the NIRS signal, blocking backscattered light and leading to greater absorption in deeper tissues. The spatially resolved spectroscopy method can be used to monitor placental oxygenation with a placenta close to the surface and an oxygen saturation in the muscle layer lower than that of the placenta. The simulation of a realistic cohort of 142 maternal abdomens aimed to identify the optimal acquisition conditions for CW-NIRS devices to be used in placental monitoring. Conclusions:We proposed a framework to evaluate and optimize CW-NIRS sensitivity for placenta detection. Further work is needed to improve the reliability of placental tissue oxygenation.</div
Problèmes ouverts en géométrie symplectique quantitative et étude des billards
No full textThis document collects contributions to the Open Problem List in Billiards and Quantitative Symplectic Geometry, compiled following discussions during the workshop "Billiards and quantitative symplectic geometry" that took place at the University of Heidelberg on July 14-18, 2025
Py_justiceadmin
No full textCe projet s'appuie sur le site de l'opendata des décisions de la justice administration avec pour objectif de réimplémenter le comportement du moteur de recherche avec une interface en python. Il est ainsi possible de récupérer les décisions de la justice administrative en open source avec quelques arguments
Comparison of individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome, early multiple sclerosis patients, and healthy controls using a digital neurological examination
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The revised McDonald criteria shifted toward the recognition of the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) as the first phase of the multiple sclerosis (MS) spectrum.Objectives: To characterize differences between RIS individuals, early MS patients, and healthy controls (HCs) using a high-precision clinical assessment tool based on digital technology.Methods: We performed a multicentric, cross-sectional study involving RIS, early MS patients, and HC. Subjects were assessed using Neuraccure, an iPad application capable of detecting subtle abnormalities in four neurological functions: hand coordination, low-contrast vision, reaction time, and eye movements.Results: In total, 565 individuals were included (MS: 255, RIS: 146, HC: 164). HC performed better than RIS and MS across all digital measures (p < 0.0001 to 0.03). There was no statistical difference between RIS and MS patients, except for the coordination test, which was slightly worse in MS patients (p = 0.03). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the presence of at least two impaired functions could detect RIS and MS from HC with 83.2% sensitivity and 84.3% specificity. A higher number of impaired functions were associated with lower brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes.Conclusion: High-precision neurological evaluation can distinguish HC from RIS and MS at an individual scale with a good performance
Science(s) de l'éducation, qu'est-ce à dire ? Unité et diversité d'une discipline
No full textInternational audienc
Marmontel contre Lucain ?
No full textInternational audienceIn translating La Pharsale, Marmontel engages in an exercise of rehabilitation. An ambiguous exercise, because he strips away Lucan's poetic audacity to highlight the rhetorical dimension and the pieces of eloquence.It is also ambiguous because, using the space provided for notes, he superimposes another point of view on the history of this civil war, making Caesar, and not Pompey, thetrue hero of the people and of liberty.En traduisant La Pharsale, Marmontel se livre à un exercice de réhabilitation. Exercice ambigu car il arase les audaces poétiques de Lucain pour mettre en relief la dimension rhétorique et les morceaux d’éloquence. Ambigu aussi, car, usant de l’espace de la note, il superpose un autre point de vue sur l’histoire de cette guerre civile, faisant de César, et non de Pompée, le vrai héros du peuple et de la liberté
Influence of Hydroxyl Content and Preirradiation on the Radioluminescence of Pure‐Silica‐Core Optical Fibers
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates how the X‐ray radiation‐induced luminescence (RIL) of multimode pure‐silica‐core (MM‐PSC) optical fibers is influenced by their hydroxyl (OH) content and by a preirradiation treatment up to 300 kGy(SiO 2 ). To achieve this objective, three MM‐PSC fibers with low‐, medium‐, and high‐OH contents were evaluated for their RIL response before and after a 300 kGy preirradiation. The high‐OH fiber exhibits the lowest RIL level but with excellent linearity as a function of the dose rate and a good stability over dose. Consequently, this fiber, having its RIL spectrum dominated by the nonbridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHCs) contribution, appears as a suitable dosimetry solution for high dose rate environments. The medium‐OH fiber showed the larger RIL at low doses and after preirradiation, its RIL is dominated by the contribution of silica oxygen‐deficient centers (SiODC(II)) and NBOHCs. For the low‐OH fiber, the same two defects are responsible for its RIL, which also increases with cumulated dose. These results highlight the critical role of OH content and preirradiation on RIL characteristics, with implications for the design of radiation‐hardened fiber‐based dosimeters