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Entreprises artisanales du bâtiment, durabilité environnementale et durabilité du travail
No full textInternational audienc
More Than a Lunch Tray: The Emotional Dimensions of Feeding Pupils and Eating at School
No full textInternational audienceSession "Food, Eating and Emotions" of the Working Group 8 "Society and Emotions"In France, the school canteen is still tainted by stereotypes: noisy, bland, serving up industrially produced food. On closer inspection, however, this institution does more than fulfil the mechanical objective of providing children with the food they need to concentrate on their next lessons. Relationships are formed and interactions take place between the children, among the canteen staff and between these two groups. The children laugh, give each other food as a token of affection, sometimes some cry. The staff express their pride or disappointment at the daily behaviour of the children, some of whom they have known for years; they are happy or upset at the reception of the food they have prepared. The school canteen is a break, a hybrid space, not quite classroom time, but not quite separate from school either. It offers more freedom, while at the same time being part of the socialisation process that teaches children which emotions are acceptable and which should not be shown or felt in a group setting.Since 2023, I have been conducting a qualitative study in two school canteens, one in a working-class district of Paris and the other in a rural school. In both contexts, the preparation and serving of food is emotionally charged for the staff, and the moment of eating can evoke feelings of affection and comfort, but also frustration or repulsion in the children. Based on repeated observations of the preparation and consumption of the school meals, I aim to show how even an eating context that is perceived as impersonal (as opposed to family meals in particular) is a setting for emotions and social interactions – some of which re-enact more general power dynamics (of boys over girls, of adults over children, etc.), while others are specific to the context of communal eating
Inventorying to Occupy – Lists of ‘Ownerless’ Dwellings as Markers of Russian Occupation in Ukraine
No full texthttps://konkoop.de
Dynamic Ultrafast Laser-Induced Structural Changes and Extreme Nanostructuring in Hard Dielectric Materials
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding matter transformation under light enables ultrafast 3D laser structuring to attain precise control down to the nanoscale. This is challenging for hard crystals given their mechanical resistance; nonetheless, it is key in structurally designing matter, pendling between crystalline and amorphous phases. The particular time evolution of structural and morphological changes can pinpoint either dynamics related to shock compaction or to thermal relaxation with phase transition. We report quantified the time-resolved dynamics of laser modifications induced by nondiffractive ultrafast laser beams in bulk sapphire using qualitative and quantitative phase-contrast microscopy to link optical changes to thermodynamic and structural evolutions. The final morphological changes of irradiated structures are revealed by high-resolution electron microscopy. Observations confirm that Bessel pulse irradiation transforms the pristine crystalline structure into a homogeneous amorphous phase in tens of ns, via the passage through a liquid phase nucleated at the early stages of the process. This ns-lived liquid phase is subject to cavitation at higher energy concentrations on the cooling phase (100 ns), facilitating nanoscale void fabrication with high aspect ratios. The outcomes strongly support bulk modification without shock assistance, governed instead by thermal relaxation. This determines a robust path for extreme laser structuring down to the nanoscale
La détresse existentielle
No full textInternational audienceSi la détresse existentielle est une expérience humaine communément partagée, elle se manifeste fréquemment à travers l’expérience de la maladie incurable et de la fin de vie. Les soignants ont alors la responsabilité d’accompagner cette souffrance réfractaire face à laquelle ils restent démunis en raison de la non pertinence des traitements biomédicaux et d’un manque d’outils conceptuels pour l’appréhender. C’est donc dans la recherche médicale que s’est développé le concept de détresse existentielle (existential distress), plus précisément dans le champ des soins palliatifs quand la personne se trouve sous l’horizon de la mort et éprouve la dégradation de l’image de soi, le sentiment de désespoir, d’absurdité, d’angoisse, de remords, de culpabilité, des perturbations identitaires, sexuelles. Cet ouvrage collectif propose la synthèse de trois Ateliers Interdisciplinaires sur la Détresse Existentielle (AIDE) menés dans le cadre d’un projet que j’ai porté à la Maison des sciences de l’homme et de l’environnement Nicolas Ledoux à Besançon. Ces ateliers ont rassemblé pendant trois ans des philosophes, des médecins (palliatifs, psychiatres, oncologues, néphrologues, des infirmiers, des psychologues, des biographes hospitaliers, des aumôniers, des juristes et des chercheurs en littérature, des bénévoles en soins palliatifs Si la détresse existentielle est une expérience humaine communément partagée, elle se manifeste fréquemment à travers l’expérience de la maladie incurable et de la fin de vie. Les soignants ont alors la responsabilité d’accompagner cette souffrance réfractaire face à laquelle ils restent démunis en raison de la non pertinence des traitements biomédicaux et d’un manque d’outils conceptuels pour l’appréhender. C’est donc dans la recherche médicale que s’est développé le concept de détresse existentielle (existential distress), plus précisément dans le champ des soins palliatifs quand la personne se trouve sous l’horizon de la mort et éprouve la dégradation de l’image de soi, le sentiment de désespoir, d’absurdité, d’angoisse, de remords, de culpabilité, des perturbations identitaires, sexuelles. Cet ouvrage collectif propose la synthèse de trois Ateliers Interdisciplinaires sur la Détresse Existentielle (AIDE) menés dans le cadre d’un projet que j’ai porté à la Maison des sciences de l’homme et de l’environnement Nicolas Ledoux à Besançon. Ces ateliers ont rassemblé pendant trois ans des philosophes, des médecins (palliatifs, psychiatres, oncologues, néphrologues, des infirmiers, des psychologues, des biographes hospitaliers, des aumôniers, des juristes et des chercheurs en littérature, des bénévoles en soins palliatifs pour interroger la catégorie de détresse existentielle, sa généalogie, son évaluation, l’articulation des dimensions psychique, existentielle et spirituelle
Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for Blood Desmopressin Quantification and Its Application in Hemophilia A Patients
No full textInternational audienceDesmopressin (DDAVP), which indirectly increases Coagulation Factor VIII concentrations in the blood, is a common treatment for bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand disease or hemophilia A. However, DDAVP exhibits significant variability in response due to interindividual differences in pharmacokinetics. Consequently, exploring its pharmacokinetics is of primary importance to better understand the relationship between DDAVP administration and therapeutic outcomes. To that end, the measurement of DDAVP concentration is essential. This article describes the development and validation of a liquid chromatography method coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry detection for quantifying DDAVP in human plasma. After sample pretreatment involving protein precipitation followed by solid‐phase extraction, quantification was based on the four most intense isotopes, utilizing targeted single ion monitoring, with a method range of 20–2000 pg.mL−1. For the four QC levels, accuracy and precision for both inter‐ and intra‐assay measurements were below 11.6% and 13.8%, respectively, meeting FDA recommendations. After validation, this method was applied to a cohort of 10 patients with a deficiency in Coagulation Factor VIII, who received 0.3 μg.kg−1 of desmopressin acetate. The mean volume of distribution at steady state was 18.8 L (CV% 26.7), the mean clearance was 7.8 L.h−1 (CV% 25.1), and the mean half‐life was 1.8 h (CV% 14.7). Offering valuable insights into the pharmacokinetics of DDAVP, this method will be useful for further studies and holds promise for optimizing treatment regimens in this patient population
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations and Focal Drug‐Resistant Epilepsy: Behind a Quid Pro Quo of Lesion and Epileptogenic Networks
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) contribute to focal drug-resistant epilepsy (fDRE), with surgical outcomes varying due to an incomplete understanding of the interplay between CCM-impacted regions and areas exhibiting ictal or interictal epileptogenicity. This study quantified the epileptogenicity of brain structures sampled by stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes in patients with fDRE and supratentorial CCMs, focusing on the irritative zone (IZN) and epileptogenic-zone network (EZN). It also established a framework for describing EZN organization relative to CCM-affected regions.Methods: Retrospective multicentric cohort study involving fDRE patients with supratentorial CCMs, explored using SEEG, recruited from five French tertiary epilepsy centers. SEEG-sampled brain regions were classified as lesional, perilesional, or non-lesion-associated according to their anatomic relationship with the CCMs and using the Virtual Epileptic Patient brain atlas parcellation. IZN quantification was performed using spike rates per minute. EZN was evaluated using the Epileptogenicity Index or Permutation Entropy Index according to the seizure-onset pattern. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The study included 22 patients, 10 of whom underwent post-SEEG epilepsy surgery. IZN biomarkers differed significantly between lesional, perilesional, and non-lesion-associated areas, whereas EZN biomarkers did not. EZN included lesional areas in 50% of cases, with complex multi-lobar networks identified in most patients. Postsurgical seizure freedom was achieved in 70% of SEEG-explored patients.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the complex relationship between CCMs and the EZN, supporting SEEG in the presurgical work-up of selected patients with CCMs and fDRE. A network-based surgical approach may improve outcomes by tailoring resections to the EZN
D’où viennent-ils et où vont-ils ? Parcours de réorientation dans l’enseignement supérieur français
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Près d’un étudiant sur cinq se réoriente à bac +1 : ajustement, rupture ou échec ?
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/pres-dun-etudiant-sur-cinq-se-reoriente-a-bac-1-ajustement-rupture-ou-echec-25355