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Enhancing Structural Reliability Analysis with Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Models: Theoretical and Experimental Insights
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive framework for structural dynamics and reliability analysis by integrating theoretical modeling of continuous systems and experimental investigations of multi-storey steel frames. First, a beamlike structure with infinite degrees of freedom is analyzed using the Rayleigh-Ritz method, highlighting the importance of partial di!erential equations in capturing distributed mass, sti!ness, and damping. Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) are incorporated to mitigate resonant vibrations, and advanced sampling techniques (Latin Hypercube Sampling, Monte Carlo simulation) are employed to quantify structural reliability under uncertain loading conditions. Machine learning models, including Random Forest and Neural Networks, are then developed as surrogate models to predict failure probabilities, revealing critical nonlinear relationships between system parameters. To validate and extend these insights, the framework is applied to a twostorey steel frame tested under controlled laboratory conditions. A mechanical shaker supplies dynamic excitations with varying statistical characteristics-kurtosis, root mean square (RMS), skewness, and crest factor-while force and acceleration measurements capture the structure's real-time responses. By training machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and Neural Networks) on time-domain features, the study demonstrates the capability of data-driven methods to capture complex vibratory behaviors beyond what standard mechanical models predict.</div
Exploring the link between personality dimensions and non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients on dopaminergic drugs may experience non-motor fluctuations (NMFs) which are often heterogeneous and respond variably to treatments.Objective: We evaluated if personality was associated to NMFs and could modulate the NMFs responsiveness to dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation of the sub-thalamic nucleus (STN-DBS).Methods: From the PREDISTIM cohort, personality dimensions of 235 PD patients were assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) before STN-DBS (V0). NMFs were evaluated using the NMFs Severity Scale at V0 and one year after STN-DBS (V1). Linear regression models were performed between TCI dimensions and NMFs at V0; and logistic regression models were done between TCI dimensions and 1) groups of dopa-sensitive patients (responders to ON medication at V0) versus non-dopa-sensitive ones, and 2) responders versus non-responders to STN-DBS at V1. Odds ratios (OR) were also calculated.Results: Significant associations were found between two TCI personality dimensions (“Harm Avoidance” and “Self-Directedness”) and severity of NMFs in OFF medication at V0: PD patients with higher Harm Avoidance and lower Self-Directedness scores having more NMFs. TCI personality dimensions were not associated with the dopa-sensitivity while Novelty Seeking was significantly associated with the STN-DBS-responder group for the psychiatric (OR = 1.09 [1.02–1.17]) and for the dysautonomic NMFs (OR = 1.11 [1.04–1.18]).Conclusions: Certain personality dimensions (Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness) are associated with NMFs severity at baseline, and PD patients with high Novelty Seeking seem to be better candidates for NMFs improvement after STN-DBS.Plain Language SummaryNon-motor fluctuations are highly invalidating for patients with Parkinson's disease and their response to treatments is variable. This new research examined personality dimensions impact on non-motor fluctuations and their responsiveness to dopaminergic medication and to deep brain stimulation. Two hundred and thirty-five patients with Parkinson's disease participated in the study and filled out several questionnaires to score their personality dimensions and their non-motor fluctuations severity before and after one year of deep brain stimulation. Comparisons were done between different groups of patients according to their response to dopaminergic treatments and to deep brain stimulation. As results, patients with personality traits of high “Harm Avoidance” (more anxious individuals) and low “Self-Directedness” (less goal-oriented individuals) had globally more non-motor fluctuations, and the personality dimension of “Novelty Seeking” (impulsive individuals) was related to a better non-motor fluctuations responsiveness to deep brain stimulation. Hence, non-motor fluctuations are associated with some specific personality dimensions on top of early onset of Parkinson's disease, long disease-duration, high doses of levodopa and female gender. Moreover, Parkinson's disease patients with impulsive-like personality seem to be better candidates for non-motor fluctuations improvement after deep brain stimulation
Comparative effectiveness of intravenous versus subcutaneous tocilizumab for refractory uveitis: a retrospective analysis
No full textInternational audienceTo compare the efficacy and safety of intra-venous tocilizumab (IV TCZ) and sub-cutaneous tocilizumab (SC TCZ) in the treatment of non-infectious intermediate, posterior and, panuveitis
教学互动：认识论框架Jiàoxué hùdòng: Rènshílùn kuàngjià
No full textInternational audienceWenn wir im pädagogischen Kontext über Kommunikation sprechen, denken wir oft an „didaktische Interaktion“. Diese Art der Interaktion wird gemeinsam gestaltet und gestaltet. Es handelt sich um komplexe Systeme auf modaler und semiotischer Ebene. Ihre Beobachtungen erfolgen vor Ort (hier und jetzt) unter Einsatz von Werkzeugen und Techniken zur Erfassung, Transkription und Analyse, um die kommunikativen und didaktischen Aspekte zu erfassen und zu interpretieren. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über soziolinguistische Strömungen zu geben, die die Untersuchung didaktischer Interaktion in ihren linguistischen, soziolinguistischen und pragmatischen Dimensionen gemeinsam haben und als Analysemodelle im Bereich der Soziodidaktik dienen könnten.In an educational context, communication can be thought of as “didactic interactions”. This type of interaction is undertaken and constructed jointly. They are complex systems on the modal and semiotic levels. They are observed in situ using tools and techniques to detect, transcribe, and analyze them to understand the communicative and didactic issues and interpret them. This article presents an overview of sociolinguistic currents that study didactic interactions in linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic dimensions. These currents could serve as models of analysis in the field of sociodidactics.Cuando hablamos de comunicación en un contexto pedagógico, podríamos pensar en la «interacción didáctica». Este tipo de interacción se desarrolla y construye conjuntamente. Se trata de sistemas complejos a nivel modal y semiótico. Sus observaciones tienen lugar in situ (aquí y ahora), utilizando herramientas y técnicas para detectarlos, transcribirlos y analizarlos con el fin de comprender las cuestiones comunicativas y didácticas para su interpretación. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un panorama de las corrientes sociolingüísticas que comparten el estudio de la interacción didáctica en sus dimensiones lingüística, sociolingüística y pragmática, y que podrían servir como modelos de análisis en el campo de la sociodidáctica.Quand on évoque la communication dans un cadre pédagogique, on pourrait penser à l'« interaction didactique ». Ce type d'interaction s'engage et se construit conjointement. Il s'agit de systèmes complexes sur les plans modal et sémiotique. Leurs observations s'opèrent in situ (ici et maintenant), à l'aide d'outils et de techniques pour les détecter, les transcrire et les analyser afin d'en saisir les enjeux communicatif et didactique en vue de les interpréter. Le but de cet article consiste à présenter un panorama de courants sociolinguistiques qui ont en commun l'étude de l'interaction didactique dans ses dimensions linguistique, sociolinguistique et pragmatique, et qui pourraient servir de modèles d'analyse dans le domaine de la sociodidactique.Quando parliamo di comunicazione in un contesto pedagogico, potremmo pensare a "interazione didattica". Questo tipo di interazione è intrapresa e costruita congiuntamente. Si tratta di sistemi complessi a livello modale e semiotico. Le loro osservazioni avvengono in situ (qui e ora), utilizzando strumenti e tecniche per rilevarli, trascriverli e analizzarli al fine di comprenderne le problematiche comunicative e didattiche e interpretarle. L'obiettivo di questo articolo è presentare una panoramica delle correnti sociolinguistiche che hanno in comune lo studio dell'interazione didattica nelle sue dimensioni linguistica, sociolinguistica e pragmatica, e che potrebbero fungere da modelli di analisi nel campo della sociodidattica.Когда мы говорим о коммуникации в педагогическом контексте, мы можем думать о «дидактическом взаимодействии». Этот тип взаимодействия осуществляется и строится совместно. Это сложные системы на модальном и семиотическом уровнях. Их наблюдения происходят in situ (здесь и сейчас), с использованием инструментов и методов для их обнаружения, транскрибирования и анализа, чтобы понять коммуникативные и дидактические проблемы с целью их интерпретации. Цель этой статьи - представить обзор социолингвистических течений, которые имеют общее изучение дидактического взаимодействия в его лингвистических, социолингвистических и прагматических измерениях и которые могли бы служить моделями анализа в области социодидактики.Kogda my govorim o kommunikatsii v pedagogicheskom kontekste, my mozhem dumat' o «didakticheskom vzaimodeystvii». Etot tip vzaimodeystviya osushchestvlyayetsya i stroitsya sovmestno. Eto slozhnyye sistemy na modal'nom i semioticheskom urovnyakh. Ikh nablyudeniya proiskhodyat in situ (zdes' i seychas), s ispol'zovaniyem instrumentov i metodov dlya ikh obnaruzheniya, transkribirovaniya i analiza, chtoby ponyat' kommunikativnyye i didakticheskiye problemy s tsel'yu ikh interpretatsii. Tsel' etoy stat'i - predstavit' obzor sotsiolingvisticheskikh techeniy, kotoryye imeyut obshcheye izucheniye didakticheskogo vzaimodeystviya v yego lingvisticheskikh, sotsiolingvisticheskikh i pragmaticheskikh izmereniyakh i kotoryye mogli by sluzhit' modelyami analiza v oblasti sotsiodidaktiki.当我们在教学语境中谈论沟通时，我们可能会想到“教学互动”。这种互动是共同参与和建构的。它们是模态和符号层面的复杂系统。观察发生在现场（此时此地），运用工具和技术来检测、转录和分析它们，以掌握沟通和教学问题并对其进行阐释。本文旨在概述社会语言学思潮，这些思潮在语言学、社会语言学和语用学维度上对教学互动的研究具有共同点，并可作为社会教学法领域的分析模型。Dāng wǒmen zài jiàoxué yǔ jìng zhōng tánlùn gōutōng shí, wǒmen kěnéng huì xiǎngdào “jiàoxué hùdòng”. Zhè zhǒng hùdòng shì gòngtóng cānyù hé jiàngòu de. Tāmen shì mó tài hé fúhào céngmiàn de fùzá xìtǒng. Guānchá fāshēng zài xiànchǎng (cǐ shí cǐdì), yùnyòng gōngjù hé jìshù lái jiǎncè, zhuǎnlù hé fēnxī tāmen, yǐ zhǎngwò gōutōng hé jiàoxué wèntí bìng duì qí jìnxíng chǎnshì. Běnwén zhǐ zài gàishù shèhuì yǔyán xué sīcháo, zhèxiē sīcháo zài yǔyán xué, shèhuì yǔyán xué hé yǔ yòng xué wéidù shàng duì jiàoxué hùdòng de yánjiū jùyǒu gòngtóng diǎn, bìng kě zuòwéi shèhuì jiàoxué fǎ lǐngyù de fēnxī móxíng
« World changes, eh? Even if we don’t » : (T2) Trainspotting, vingt ans après
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BEHAVIORAL UNDERPINNINGS OF OVERREACTION IN INFLATION EXPECTATIONS ACROSS ECONOMIC AGENTS
No full textThis paper explores overreaction to news in agents’ inflation expectations—households, firms, professional forecasters, policymakers, and participants to experiments—and examines the role of four behavioral factors: recency bias, memory of inflation, salience, and the representativeness heuristic. All agent categories show individual overreaction to news, with notable heterogeneity. Salience explains overreaction for most groups.Households exhibit a broad range of biases—recency bias, salience, and the representativeness heuristic—while firms are mainly influenced by salience. Finally, the paper offers insights on the generalizability of experimental inflation expectations
Une histoire immédiate de la Révolution: Antoine Barnave, textes choisis, 1790-1792
No full textInternational audience"Antoine Barnave a été l’un des premiers défenseurs de la Révolution et l’un de ses orateurs les plus influents. Sa volonté, après 1791, de terminer la Révolution en consolidant une monarchie constitutionnelle comme sa défense de l’esclavage ont souvent éludé son rôle initial et la complexité de son positionnement. Arrêté et emprisonné en 1792, Barnave est exécuté l’année suivante.Si ses lettres à la reine sont bien connues, d’autres textes de cet auteur prolifique, dont certains avaient retenu l’attention de Jean Jaurès, étaient jusqu’à présent peu accessibles. Les auteurs de ce livre déploient les différents axes d’une pensée originale, tout sauf modérée, comme les réflexions de celui qui peut être qualifié de dernier historiographe des Lumières et de premier historien de 1789.Pour Barnave, la Révolution est l’aboutissement inéluctable d’une dialectique sociale mettant aux prises la bourgeoisie montante et la vieille aristocratie. Ses écrits permettent par ailleurs de resituer la Révolution au sein de l’empire colonial, en proie à la concurrence avec les autres puissances européennes.
ΠΕΙΡΑΣΜΟΣ : UN RÉEXAMEN ÉPREUVE OU TENTATION ?
No full textLa traduction du terme par « épreuve » dans le Pater Noster est sans nul doute la plus juste. Dans Marc, on doit pouvoir faire de même à cause de la coupe de l’alliance, visiblement rappelée dans ce passage. Il est possible d’ailleurs que l’histoire première de Jésus ait peu à faire avec la notion de tentation, étant donné son souci de la vie d’autrui. Il reste que le terme « épreuve » est bien moins sujet à interprétations anachroniques que « tentation ». Il convient d’ailleurs parfaitement pour désigner les périls multiples de la vie qui broie les plus démunis