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La fracture institutionnelle comme facteur explicatif de la non-prévention des défaillances en TPE/PME,
No full textInternational audienceMalgré l’existence de dispositifs juridiques efficaces pour prévenir la défaillance entrepreneuriale, les dirigeants de très petites et petites et moyennes entreprises (TPE/PME) recourent rarement à ces mécanismes. Cet article se propose de comprendre ce paradoxe en analysant les obstacles qui freinent l’activation des dispositifs de prévention par les dirigeants. À partir d’une étude qualitative menée auprès de dirigeants de TPE/PME en situation de fragilité, ce travail adopte une perspective ante-défaillance et s’appuie sur la méthode Gioia pour l’analyse des données.Les résultats montrent que la non-saisine des dispositifs de prévention ne peut s’expliquer uniquement par des déficits de compétences, d’information ou d’anticipation du dirigeant. L’étude identifie et conceptualise un abîme sémantique, procédural et gestuel entre les dirigeants et les institutions juridico-administratives, qui agit comme un mécanisme explicatif central de la non-prévention. Cet abîme se manifeste par un langage perçu comme opaque et menaçant, par des procédures complexes et dissuasives, ainsi que par des interactions institutionnelles renforçant l’asymétrie de pouvoir et la délégitimation du dirigeant.La contribution principale de cet article réside dans la théorisation de cet abîme comme un phénomène systémique, déplaçant l’analyse de la défaillance entrepreneuriale d’une lecture individualisante vers une compréhension relationnelle et institutionnelle. Le travail propose des implications théoriques pour la recherche en entrepreneuriat, ainsi que des recommandations managériales et institutionnelles visant à repenser la prévention de la défaillance des TPE/PME
Introduction à la lecture du Traité de l'Harmonie de Jean-Philippe Rameau
No full textInternational audienceOuvrage d'accompagnement à la lecture du Traité : éléments de lexique, résumé du Supplément (corrections) avec des ajouts, résumé commenté du contenu, éléments de lecture thématique
Moving against inertia, friction, gravity: different modalities, same consequences on animals’ propulsive force capacities
No full textInternational audienceThe ability to generate propulsive force at different velocities is essential for animal locomotion but has often been depreciated. This study explored animals’ locomotion under varying mechanical constraints by addressing whether force capacities measured during accelerations on level ground are representative of propulsion capacities exerted during steady velocity uphill running or running against a resistance. We hypothesised that locomotion against resistances induced by inertia, friction or gravity would lead to similar propulsive force capacities, step length, and step frequency. Nineteen human-participants performed 3 accelerated, 6 resisted, and 10 uphill sprints while their instantaneous velocity, step length, and step frequency were measured. The propulsive force capacities decreased linearly with velocity. This individual relationship was preserved among the disparate mechanical constraints, humans just shifting along this curve. Trivial (−2.0±21.7%, p=0.43) and small differences (−6.1±21.5%, p=0.24), and positive correlation (p<0.001) where indeed found between force capacities at similar velocities among uphill/accelerated (r=0.94) and resisted/accelerated (r=0.91) conditions, respectively. Spatio-temporal variables did not differ between conditions (<2%). Conducting similar analysis in a 12-animals dataset from the literature revealed that different experimental modalities are associated with similar propulsive force-velocity relationships within the same species. Extending the analogy between accelerated, uphill, and resisted running to the animal kingdom enabled comparisons between species based on propulsive force capacities and allometric scaling. Using humans as an experimental paradigm, we provided a framework for interpreting how environmental stressors affect movement strategies in many terrestrial species. In sports science, this study opens practical implications for the design of training and research protocols
Pythagorean Pseudepistolography, between Biographical Fiction and Philosophy
No full textInternational audienceThe dossier of the letters attributed to Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans is by far the most diversified and polymorph of all other ensembles of letters attributed to ancient philosophers – in matter of form, content and purposes, but also of dating and networking with other texts, be they epistolary or otherwise. This perfectly reflects the multifarious reception of Pythagoreanism, from the classical times down to Late Antiquity. After an overview of the dossier, which has never been examined in its entirety, followed by some methodological considerations, the focus of this paper will be on the study of the reworking and appropriation of a few selected pieces of biographical fiction and philosophical doxography by the authors of these ‘Pythagorean’ letters
Professional practice guidelines: Eco-Responsible Optimization of Choice and use of Drugs and Medical Devices in operating theaters or interventional sector
No full textInternational audienceObjectif: To provide recommendations for eco-responsible optimization of choice and use of medicines and medical devices.Design: A committee of 16 experts brought together by CERES and from SPFDM/Euro-Pharmat, SFAR, SFCR, SFED, SF2H, SFPC, SFR, SF2S has been set up. A policy for declaring links of interest was applied and respected throughout the process of creating the reference system. Similarly, it has not provided any funding from a company marketing a health product (drug or medical device). The committee had to respect and follow the GRADE® method (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to assess the quality of the evidence on which the recommendations were based.Methods: The recommendations were formulated by identifying 4 different fields: practice of care (optimization of medicines and medical devices), packaging (reduction of the environmental impact of medical devices), organization of care (integration of environmental criteria) and waste management (reduction, sorting and recovery). Each question was formulated according to the PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format. The analysis of the literature and the recommendations were carried out according to the GRADE® methodology.Results: The experts' synthesis work resulted in 46 recommendations validated after one round of voting. For all questions, since the GRADE grid ® method could not be applied in full, the recommendations were formulated in the form of expert opinions.Conclusion: From a strong agreement between experts, we were able to formulate 46 recommendations for eco-responsible optimization of the choice and use of medicines and medical devices
On some Fraïssé limits with free amalgamation
No full textIn this work a general way is given to construct some examples of NSOP1 theories aslimits of some Fraïssé class satisfying strong conditions. These limits will satisfy existence, that Kimindependence coincides with algebraic independence, and that forking independence is obtained byforcing base monotonicity on Kim-forking. These theories also come with a stationary independencerelation. This study is based on results of Baudisch, Chernikov, Kruckman and Ramsey
LED Lighting Influence on the Radiation Response of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
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Le travail, une affaire de famille : pour une analyse de leur encastrement
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Eco-friendly Insulating Materials for Transformers in MVDC and HVDC Power Networks
No full textInternational audienceThis work investigates the viability of natural and synthetic ester liquids as potential alternatives to mineral oil in MVDC and HVDC transformer insulation systems. Finite Element Method simulations (FEM) were performed using the measured dielectric properties of the oils and their impregnated pressboards as input parameters to evaluate their influence on steady state electric field distribution. A comparison on the field distribution under AC and DC condition is performed for the different materials, identifying regions of maximum stress around the corona head and high voltage electrode. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity values of the materials and their effect on the steady state DC electric field distribution is explored. The higher conductivity of ester liquids when compared to mineral oil provides a more uniform field redistribution between the oil and pressboard, also facilitating the shift of maximum electrical stress from the oil to pressboard. The results support the technical merits of using ester-based insulation material for field stress equalization in HVDC networks