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Multi-serotype nested immuno-epidemiological model for dengue hemorrhagic fever involving backward bifurcation and serotype invasion
No full textInternational audienceReinfection with the same dengue serotype is generally benign, as individuals develop protective immunity. On the other hand, in the case of reinfection with a different serotype, pre-existing antibodies can increase the risk of developing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), by inducing Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE). To model this dynamic, we introduce a multi-scale immuno-epidemiological system. The immunological part is described by a system of ODEs representing the interaction between two antibodies (from previous and current infection) and the virus. The epidemiological part is represented by an infection-age structured SIRS system (for both the {\color{red} primary and secondary} infections) and a recovery-age structured equation (for the first infection). A detailed mathematical analysis of the equilibrium points of the multi-scale reinfection model, including disease-free, mono-endemic and bi-endemic states, is performed. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of backward bifurcations and derive an expression for the invasion reproduction number, which shows that the second serotype can invade the population after a mono-endemic first serotype. We also investigate the dependence of the basic and invasion reproduction numbers on the immunological parameters of the first and second infections. This gives us a better understanding of the relationship between DHF and ADE during secondary infection
Randomized, multicenter Phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with modified FOLFIRINOX versus capecitabine or gemcitabine in patients with resected ampullary adenocarcinoma
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC) is a rare and aggressive cancer with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate ranging from 30% to 67% after resection due to a high recurrence rate. Yet, adjuvant therapy's role is still debated. Recent French FFCD-AC cohort study highlighted that adjuvant therapy, can benefit intermediate and high-risk patients. Chemotherapy regimens, include gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) but practices are highly heterogenous due to the low level of evidence. Previous studies suggest that combination chemotherapy, such as mFOLFIRINOX, could offer improved outcomes.Design: PRODIGE 98 - AMPIRINOX trial (NCT06813976) is a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 3 trial designed to compare the efficacy of adjuvant mFOLFIRINOX versus single-agent chemotherapy (capecitabine or gemcitabine) in patients with resected AAC. Primary outcome is disease free survival and secondary outcomes include overall survival (OS), safety and quality of life. Patients (ages 18-79) must have undergone macroscopically complete (R0/R1) resection of AAC, with exclusion of patients previously treated with chemotherapy, and pT1N0M0 tumors. Ancillary studies will focus on an in-depth molecular profiling of AAC to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers. AMPIRINOX is currently recruiting and is expected to provide essential data on how to optimize treatment for AAC patients in the coming years
The neural pathways of change: an fMRI study of the effects of behavioral change suggestions on value-based dietary decision-making
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Resolving the ambivalence between immediate cravings and long-term consequences is a key target of communication-based interventions toward behavioral change, such as motivational interviewing. Here, we aimed at understanding how this ambivalence between changing and sustaining unhealthy eating habits influences food valuation and its neural mechanism.Methods: Eighty-five participants with varying body mass indices and food addiction-like symptoms underwent a motivational interviewing session during which they formulated personal reasons for (i.e., change talk) and against (i.e., sustain talk) changing their current eating habits. One week later, they listened to their statements when rating how much they wanted to eat various food items for real at the end of the experiment while their brain activation was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results: Food choices were healthier when participants had listened to their change talk statements, and more based on taste following sustain talk statements. This effect was stronger in participants with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, particularly among those with more food addiction-like symptoms displayed in their everyday life eating habits. On the neural level, participants with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 also showed stronger functional connectivity between the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at the time of food choice following a change compared to a sustain talk statement. On the contrary, participants with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 displayed stronger neural craving responses when making their food choices following sustain talk. Moreover, after change talk, among participants with a BMI < 30 kg/m2, those with higher BMI displayed stronger neural craving responses during healthy food wanting, and lower responses during tasty food wanting.Conclusion: These findings indicate that shifting between changing and sustaining unhealthy eating habits biases food valuation and its encoding in neural pathways linked to valuation, cognitive control, and craving as a function of weight status
Amélioration du diagnostic moléculaire de l’insuffisance ovarienne prématurée (IOP) grâce à un modèle poisson médaka
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Le juge et le forçat: A propos de Confession d'un malheureux (1846) de Jean Claude Romand
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Vers un notariat au service des personnes transgenres ?
No full textNational audienceDans cet article les autaires discutent l'essentiel des problèmes auxquels la profession notariale est aujourd'hui confronté lorsqu'elle est amenée à instrumenter au service de personnes transgenres, qu'il s'agisse de question de genre grammatical dans l'acte, de consentement à l'assistance médicale à la procréation ou d'établissement de la filiation via un acte de reconnaissance ou de notoriété notarié
Shifting Drivers of Holocene Fire Regimes in Uzbekistan: From Natural Factors to Anthropogenic Impact
No full textInternational audienceIn the context of the current fire intensification associated to climate aridification, this study explores Holocene fire regimes in the foothills of the Pamir-Alai Range (Uzbekistan) through macro-charcoal analysis of sediment cores from Lake Fazilman and the Ogshagil wetland, spanning the past 11000 years. In addition to their novelty, the results reveal distinct fire phases driven by both climatic fluctuations and human activities. During the early Holocene (12000–5000 cal. yr BP), fire activity was primarily climate-driven, with higher frequencies during arid phases. A significant shift occurred around 4000 – 3000 cal. yr BP, with synchronous fire trends at both sites suggesting increased anthropogenic influence linked to agro-pastoral practices of the Oxus Civilization, the Andronovo Cultures and the Handmade Painted Ware Cultures. Fire frequency declined during periods of intensified agricultural practices but increased again in later centuries, likely influenced by shifts in land use and socio-economic dynamics. Over the past 500 years, a rise in fire activity and woody plant combustion, likely influenced by post-medieval pastoral land use and firewood transportation, suggests intensified human impact. This study provides new insights into the interplay between climate, vegetation, human activity and fire in shaping Central Asia's steppe landscapes
De la souveraineté du consommateur à l'agentivité: La feuille de route d'Amartya Sen pour une démocratie vivante
No full textNational audienceS'il y a aujourd'hui un relatif consensus sur ce que Sen critique - le recours exclusif au concept d'utilité, les approches agrégatives pure de la justice, la vision étroite de la rationalité des agents -, sa proposition constructive dans L'Idée de Justice est encore très débattue. Ce débat porte notamment sur le statut du concept de capabilité, la portée des approches délibératives en matière de justice, et la place des sentiments et des émotions vis-à-vis de la raison. Il s'agit ici de prendre au sérieux le fait que Sen dit s'inscrire dans la tradition de la théorie du choix social, tout en lui apportant des "ajustements nécessaires". Loin d'être anecdotiques, nous montrons que ces ajustement concernent la conception de la démocratie et de la liberté humaine, passant d'une hypothèse de souveraineté du consommateur déjà-là à une hypothèse d'agentivité située des personnes à développer dans un cadre de raisonnement public. Notre démonstration implique d'identifier et lever les biais de lecture de Sen, et en particulier deux qui sont communs à la philosophie politique et à l'économie normative : le welfarisme et le transcendantalisme. Ce faisant, nous défendons l'idée que le matériau de justice essentiel de l'approche senienne réside non pas dans les capabilités, mais dans les points de vue positionnels qu'il s'agit de bien définir pour ne pas les confondre avec les préférences. Puis nous proposons une relecture de L'Idée de justice structurée autour de ce matériau et démontrons que sa proposition permet d'articuler plusieurs tensions au cœur de la normativité, expliquant qu'il s'écarte à la fois du cadre de pensée de la théorie du choix social et de celui des théories de la justice. Elle vise à promouvoir une conception de l'action publique large, fondée sur l'actualisation de l'agentivité des populations comprise comme étant toujours située, mais aussi reliée et réflexive
Voting with Partial Orders: The Plurality and Anti-Plurality Classes
No full textIn the theory of voting, the Plurality rule for preferences that come in the form of linear orders selects the alternatives most frequently appearing in the first position of those orders, while the Anti-Plurality rule selects the alternatives least often occurring in the final position. We explore extensions of these rules to preferences that are partial orders, offering axiomatic characterisations for them