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Smart zwitterionic biodegradable hydrogel for sustained peptide delivery: Application to the neurotherapeutic peptide NX210c
No full textInternational audienceTherapeutic peptides offer a promising balance between specificity, safety, and bioavailability. However, their clinical use is limited by poor in vivo stability and short half-life, requiring frequent administrations that can compromise patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes. NX210c, a synthetic cyclic dodecapeptide derived from the thrombospondin repeat motif of the sub-commissural organ-spondin shows neuroprotective effects, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, its short half-life (~15 min) requires intravenous infusion highlighting the interest of an alternative delivery method to improve the quality of life for patients.This study, report the preclinical development of an injectable, biodegradable chitosan-based hydrogel functionalized with the macrocyclic ligand DOTAGA, designed for the sustained subcutaneous release of NX210c. The hydrogel forms in situ under physiological conditions, via electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The solvent-free formulation is simple and clinically compatible. Hydrogel candidate were screened in vitro for injectability, gelation, peptide loading, and release kinetics. In vivo validation on rodents confirmed subcutaneous injectability, gelation ability, biocompatibility and biodegradability within few weeks. Pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated distinct profiles: intravenous injection led to peptide clearance within 1 h; free NX210c administered subcutaneously slightly prolonged its presence in the bloodstream, with complete elimination observed within approximately 3 h. The use of hydrogel, enables AUCs dozens of times higher, with peptide levels sustained for over 10 to 15 days. These results highlight the hydrogel's potential as a patient-friendly, clinically translatable platform for therapeutic peptides requiring sustained release. Future studies will focus on the evaluation of its therapeutic efficiency.</div
Economics in the Mirror of Anthropology : Knight, Boulding, Posner, and Akerlof in Perspective
No full textPublished online : September 30 2025International audience"This article explores the relationship between economics and anthropology in the history of economic ideas, with a particular focus on the degree of interest, or lack thereof, among economists in engaging in dialogue with this social science. Four prominent economists are selected to serve as case studies: Frank Knight, Kenneth Boulding, George A. Akerlof, and Richard Posner. The article begins by examining the debate between Knight and anthropologist Melville Herskovits and shows how it resonates with existing intradisciplinary debates. It then explores the application of the anthropological concept of the gift, as mobilized by Boulding, Akerlof, and Posner, in the context of economics. This multifaceted analysis reflects a spectrum of perspectives on the boundaries between economics and anthropology and offers insights into the potential and limitations of interdisciplinary collaboration in these fields.
How French vascular physicians treat cancer associated superficial vein thrombosis?
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundSuperficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is a common and well-known condition. Active cancer increases the risk of thrombosis, particularly for SVT associated with catheters in the upper limbs. Despite its frequency, cancer-associated SVT management is not addressed by current evidence-based guidelines, leading to heterogeneous clinical practices.ObjectiveTo describe the current management strategies for cancer-associated SVT among French vascular physicians.MethodsWe conducted a national cross-sectional declarative survey distributed to all the members of both the French Society of Vascular Medicine and the French Association for Oncological Supportive Care. The questionnaire explored demographics and clinical approaches to SVT associated with cancer, both in the lower and upper limbs, through proposed scenarios.ResultsA total of 136 physicians responded, of whom 132 (97.1%) were vascular specialists. SVT of the lower limbs was considered cancer-associated in 15% of cases in daily practice. Among respondents, 102 (75.7%) declared modifying their treatment strategy in the presence of cancer. Fondaparinux 2.5 mg/day (44.1%) and curative-dose low molecular weight heparin (30.9%) were the most common initial treatments. Treatment lasted six weeks in 50.7% of cases and was extended as long as cancer remained active in 38.7%. Oral relay was considered in 19.1% of cases, mainly with apixaban. For upper limb SVT, 27.7% were considered cancer-related, and one third were catheter-associated. Treatment was commonly stopped upon catheter removal.ConclusionThis survey reveals substantial variability in the treatment of cancer-associated SVT. The absence of dedicated trials and specific recommendations highlights the urgent need for prospective studies to guide management in this complex clinical setting
Cadrage écologique et moins de recommandations augmentent l'adhésion envers les comportement de prévention à l'exposition aux perturbateurs endocriniens
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction. Health recommendations aimed at reducing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) seek to facilitate understanding of a complex topic involving multiple behavioral recommendations across various domains.Purpose. However, presenting too many recommendations may exceed attentional and memory resources, thereby reducing comprehension and adherence. This study tested whether an integrative warning message combining human and ecological health arguments ("One Health–One Planet" framing) would enhance adherence to behavioral recommendations compared with a message focusing solely on personal health risks.Method. In a two-wave online study, French participants (N = 381) received a general message about EDCs that was framed either ecologically or personally. The message was followed by three, nine, or fifteen behavioral recommendations spanning food, cosmetics, and indoor air. Message fatigue was statistically controlled.Results. Behavioral intention increased one month after message exposure. For self-reported behaviors, participants receiving three recommendations reported the highest behavioral engagement (M = 5.45, SD = 1.84), followed by those receiving nine (M = 4.90, SD = 1.93) and fifteen recommendations (M = 4.18, SD = 1.87), F(2, 363) = 6.23, p = .002, η²p = .033. A significant framing effect also emerged, F(1, 363) = 8.76, p = .003, η²p = .024, with ecologically framed messages (M = 5.21, SD = 1.96) producing higher behavioral scores than self-focused messages (M = 4.61, SD = 1.88).Conclusion. Contrary to prior research emphasizing the benefits of multiple recommendations, fewer recommendations optimized behavioral engagement in the complex context of EDCs. Ecologically framed messages were more persuasive than self-focused messages; however, framing did not moderate the detrimental impact of excessive recommendations. These findings suggest that global understanding of EDCs may rely on different motivational and cognitive processes than those underlying domain-specific health behavior change
In-core Gamma and Neutron Irradiation of Optical Materials used in the Design of an Optical Sensor for Pressurized Water Research Reactor
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Baboon endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vectors outperform human ERV lentivectors for transduction of T, B, NK and HSPCs
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Previously, we confirmed that BaEV-LVs outperformed VSV-G-LVs for gene delivery or correction of human T cells, B cells, NK cells and HSPCs correlating with high expression of its receptors, ASCT-1 and ASCT-2 on these cells. Since HERV-W gp uses the same entry receptors, we compared transduction efficiencies for BaEV-LVs and HERV-W-LVs in hematopoietic cells. HERV-W LV transduction was efficient but inferior to BaEV-LV in TCR-stimulated T cells (40% versus 80%) and this low efficiency was even more pronounced in IL-7/IL-15 pre-stimulated T cells. BaEV-LVs were significantly superior over HERV-W-LVs for the transduction of B cells and NK cells. High HERV-W-LV mediated transduction levels were achieved for pre-stimulated hCD34+ cells, which remained though lower than for the BaEV-LVs. Additionally, BaEV-LVs reached over 80% of transduction in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) repopulating cells (SRC) in 6/6 engrafted NBSGW mice. HERV-W-LVs reached this transduction level in 1/5 mice, while 3/5 engrafted NBSGW mice reached significantly lower transduction levels (20–50%). For both vectors the transduction levels were equivalent in the lymphoid and myeloid lineages in all hematopoietic tissues, suggesting transduction of immature HSPCs. Summarizing, BaEV-LVs outperformed HERV-W-LVs for transduction of important gene therapy target cells such as NK, B, T cells and CD34+ HSPCs
Avis du CNGOF concernant les accouchements instrumentaux par ventouse obstétricale
No full textNational audienceLa commission d’obstétrique du CNGOF, saisie par le CNP GOGM à la demande de l’ANSM, a examiné la sécurité d’utilisation des ventouses obstétricales. L’accouchement instrumental peut être réalisé pour écourter l’expulsion, notamment en cas de ralentissement du rythme cardiaque fœtal. Les instruments disponibles sont la ventouse, le forceps et les spatules, le choix dépendant de la situation et de l’opérateur. En France, environ 12 % des naissances sont instrumentales, un taux stable depuis 2016. La ventouse est utilisée dans environ deux tiers des cas, proportion similaire à celle observée dans la plupart des pays européens et au Canada, mais supérieure à celle des États-Unis. La ventouse agit par dépression sur le scalp fœtal, permettant une traction contrôlée et sécurisée. Les complications maternelles (lésions périnéales, hémorragies) et néonatales (notamment hémorragies intracrâniennes) sont rares et comparables à celles observées lors des césariennes en cours de travail. Les études épidémiologiques ne mettent pas en évidence de surrisque neurologique ou de séquelles à long terme chez les enfants nés par ventouse. Comparée au forceps, la ventouse réduit la morbidité maternelle, notamment le risque de lésion du sphincter anal, sans différence notable sur la santé néonatale globale, hormis un léger sur-risque de céphalhématome ou d’ictère. Aucune différence n’est observée selon l’expérience de l’opérateur. En conclusion, l’accouchement instrumental par ventouse qui fait partie des techniques recommandées par le CNGOF, constitue une alternative pertinente à la césarienne à dilatation complète
Inégalités de Sobolev Logarithmique généralisées par le schéma JKO
No full textUsing a discrete Bakry-Émery method based on the JKO scheme, relying on the dissipation of entropy and Fisher information along a discrete flow, we establish new generalized logarithmic Sobolev inequality for log-concave measures of the form under strict convexity assumptions on . We then show how this method recovers some well-known inequalities. This approach can be viewed as interpolating between the Bakry-Émery method and optimal transport techniques based on geodesic convexity.En utilisant une version discrète de la méthode de Bakry–Émery basée sur le schéma JKO, reposant sur la dissipation de l’entropie et de l’information de Fisher le long d’un flot discret, nous établissons une nouvelle inégalité de Sobolev logarithmique généralisée pour des mesures log-concaves de la forme , sous des hypothèses de stricte convexité sur . Nous montrons ensuite comment cette méthode permet de retrouver certaines inégalités bien connues. Cette approche peut être vue comme une interpolation entre la méthode de Bakry–Émery et les techniques de transport optimal fondées sur la convexité géodésique
