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Serotonergic cortico-limbic and executive network dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease impulse control disorders: a PET-fMRI study
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Vibrio MO245 exopolysaccharide/chitosan hydrogel for marine antifouling coating
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Bounds on chi-square statistics for localized bases with application to optimal estimation
No full textWe develop new deviation bounds for chi-square statistics that are sharp enough to construct penalties in least-squares density estimation allowing optimal estimation under mild smoothness constraints without imposing assumptions on the density's support or supremum norm. In particular, we establish new minimax rates under conditions that provide a natural transition between compactly supported and infinitely supported densities, as well as between bounded and unbounded ones
One-to-many pattern comparison combining fully-connected autoencoder with spatial transformer for ornament investigation
No full textAbstract Comparing a query image to some representative of a set of unaligned imagesfrom a class is a cornerstone task for the investigation of ancient ornaments. Whileconvolutional autoencoders provide a level of invariance to translation, they canonly handle a limited range of transformations and often incur blurriness. Wepropose to increase the invariance to linear transformations and standard fluctuationsby using a spatial transformer, then increase reproduction sharpness byusing a fully-connected autoencoder. We evaluate our approach on challengingancient ornament images with synthetic abnormal distortions. This approach significantlyimproves the accuracy of change localization. This information makesit possible to precisely highlight signed changes in image comparators, helpingdomain experts for more efficient analysis of ornaments
Proactive vs. reactive COVID-19 screening in schools: Lessons from experimental protocols in France during the Delta and Omicron waves
No full textInternational audienceThe COVID-19 pandemic prompted diverse policies to manage safety in schools, balancing transmission control with educational continuity. This study assessed the impact of an experimental weekly screening protocol through salivary PCR tests compared to nationally implemented reactive strategies (i.e., class closure or class screening upon the detection of a positive case) in 25 primary schools in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France during the Delta (November-December 2021) and Omicron (January-February 2022) waves. We used an agent-based model for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools parameterized with empirical data characterizing school contacts over time to estimate the contribution of school transmission on overall cases and evaluate the effectiveness of weekly screening in reducing within-school infections and student-days lost. Following the experimental protocol in place, we simulated weekly screening by enforcing a seven-day isolation for each positive case, and the class closure after detection of 3 cases within a class. We parametrized the model to reproduce the Delta and Omicron variants dominant in the study period, accounting for introductions from community surveillance data. We fitted the model to the observed prevalence in 18 schools selected for the analysis. School transmission was estimated to account for 67% (IQR 53-78%) of student cases in Rhône and 67% (IQR 50-82%) in Savoie during the Delta wave, and 52% (IQR 47-57%) in Rhône during the Omicron wave. The experimental weekly screening protocol was estimated to reduce transmission in school by 40% (IQR 18-53%) during the Delta wave and by 39% (IQR 31-46%) during the Omicron wave, compared to the reactive strategies applied in the same period in the rest of the country. Student-days lost under weekly screening were comparable to those under the national reactive strategies during the Delta wave (217 (IQR 93-294) vs. 183 (IQR 68-335) in Rhône; 143 (IQR 57-231) vs. 158 (IQR 101-241) in Savoie). Removing the closure rule halved absences, with only marginal effects on transmission reduction. During the Omicron wave, weekly screening with class closure achieved greater transmission reduction than weekly screening without closure, but at the cost of approximately 6-fold higher disruption. Across both periods, weekly screening without class closure achieved the highest overall efficiency, reflecting a favorable balance between reductions in school transmission and limited educational disruption. Weekly screening proved to be a more structured and effective approach to controlling transmission, mitigating asymptomatic spread and limiting school disruption, while offering the operational advantage of a predictable testing schedule compared to the unpredictability and logistical burden of strengthened reactive screening. These results support the importance of proactive interventions in pandemic response strategies. By explicitly quantifying trade-offs between transmission control and educational continuity, these findings provide evidence to inform the design of future school-based interventions during pandemics
EVALUATING SEGMENTATION USING BETTI-1 TOPOLOGICAL METRIC: APPLICATION TO NASAL CAVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF AIRFLOW SIMULATION
No full textInternational audienceComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations offer an objective means to analyze nasal airflow. However, to be patient-specific, their accuracy relies on precise CT-based volume segmentation of the nasal cavity. Existing segmentation methods typically prioritize volumetric accuracy (e.g., Dice coefficient) while often overlooking topological fidelity, which is critical for generating anatomically consistent CFD meshes. To address this limitation, we propose an automatic nasal cavity segmentation framework based on nnUNet, augmented with a topology-based evaluation metric that quantifies differences in the number of tunnels between predicted and reference segmentations. Evaluation on the NasalSeg public dataset shows a Dice score of 0.947, comparable to state-of-the-art results, while improving the segmentation consistency by removing tunnels
Trickle-Down Economics, Merit, and Redistribution: An Experiment with the Poorest and Richest US Americans
No full textInternational audienceDespite growing income inequality, demand for redistribution has remained stagnant, which is particularly puzzling for the poor. We investigate whether attitudes toward "trickle-down" economics and preferences for fairness affect demand for redistribution. We involve US residents in the bottom (N = 1,200) and top (N = 1,146) 20% of the income distribution in experimental redistributive decisions from high-income real-life entrepreneurs to low-income recipients. We find that entrepreneurs' activities with potential for trickle-down, such as high employment or innovation rates, are largely irrelevant to redistribution. Philanthropic donations, however, reduce redistribution demand among the poor. The most important factor for redistribution is the desire to sanction the "undeserving poor" and, to a lesser extent, to reward the "deserving rich", measured by daily working hours and the founding of the firm. Decisions by high-income and low-income participants generally follow the same patterns, are quantitatively similar, and are mediated by economic and political identity
Filosofie del XII secolo. Nuovi approcci, diverse prospettive. Atti del XXVI Convegno della Società Italiana per lo Studio del Pensiero Medievale (SISPM), Roma, 20-22 settembre 2023
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Arrêt Melià : précisions sur l’article 5, § 1, de la directive ‘‘Dommages’’ favorables au droit à la preuve et à l’effectivité du droit à réparation des victimes de pratiques anticoncurrentielles
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Le jeu d’évasion comme outil de médiation scientifique : enjeux méthodologiques, éthiques et pragmatiques d’une vulgarisation scientifique
No full textInternational audiencetool for scientific mediation: methodological, ethical, and pragmatic challenges of science communicationCet article analyse la conception et la mise en œuvre d’un jeu d’évasion (appelé couramment escape game) comme dispositif de médiation scientifique pour partager aux acteurs de terrain les résultats d’une enquête ethnographique menée au sein d’unités militaires françaises. Conçu à partir des étapes centrales du travail de terrain (observation, immersion, analyse), le jeu engage les participants dans des épreuves mobilisant à la fois compétences physiques et intellectuelles, afin de rendre visibles les dimensions méthodologiques et éthiques de la recherche. Au-delà d’une simple modalité de partage des résultats, le jeu d’évasion favorise une réflexivité partagée entre chercheuse et militaires, en ouvrant un espace de dialogue critique sur les normes, identités et pratiques professionnelles. L’analyse met en évidence les apports de ce dispositif en termes d’appropriation des savoirs, de co-construction et de transparence, tout en soulignant ses limites liées au coût et aux contraintes logistiques. Cette expérience invite à repenser les modalités de communication scientifique en anthropologie et à interroger les articulations possibles entre jeu, travail, production de savoirs, éthique scientifique et rôles des acteurs de terrain dans une anthropologie « avec »