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Le serment politique comme régulation ou comme contestation de l’ordre public au Moyen-Âge
No full textInternational audienceAu cours du Moyen Âge, bien qu’il ait été utilisé pour renforcer les liens sociaux et politiques, le serment a été source de contestations religieuses et vecteur de désordre social. Consciente de ces enjeux politiques, l’Église s’est efforcée de contrôler son potentiel créatif et émancipateur. En dépit de ses efforts, la parole jurée s’est largement affranchie de son contrôle, jouant alternativement un rôle de préservation ou de subversion des institutions
Validity and reliability of the French version of the quick-FAAM (Q-FAAM-F) among patients undergoing anatomic ankle ligament reconstruction
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the French version of the Quick Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (Q-FAAM-F) in French-speaking patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort in a sports surgery centre with repeated assessments preoperatively, and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively; the primary analysis was cross-sectional at 6 months. Consecutive CLAI patients undergoing anatomic lateral ankle ligament reconstruction (AALR) were included. Patients completed the Q-FAAM-F (12 items derived from the validated French FAAM) alongside the full FAAM, FAOS, ALR-RSI, CAIT and VAS-pain. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α), item-total and inter-item correlations, and construct validity (Pearson's r) were calculated. Discriminant validity used ROC analyses for CLAI status (CAIT < 24) and return to sport (RTS), defined on the RTS continuum as return to the pre-injury sport at any level at 6 months and treated as an external clinical variable.Results: Among 275 patients (56% male; median age 32 years), Q-FAAM-F showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.96) and strong item-total correlations (mean r ≈ 0.65). Convergent validity was strong with the FAAM (r = 0.95) and with FAOS and ALR-RSI; divergent validity was supported by the absence of correlation with CAIT of the nonoperated limb. ROC AUC for CLAI status and RTS were high; optimal cut-offs were 78.1/100 (CLAI: sensitivity 81.3%, specificity 85.4%) and 80.2/100 (RTS: sensitivity 75.4%, specificity 87.9%). Conclusion: The Q-FAAM-F is a valid and reliable PROM for French-speaking CLAI patients, suitable for clinical practice and research. Precise AUC-based thresholds may support clinical decision-making at 6 months
La collaboration contre la coopération ? Épreuves de professionnalité et défiance loyale de l’encadrement intermédiaire : le cas de l’école primaire française en contexte néo-gestionnaire
No full textLes recherches sur les limites de la modernisation des services publics se sont surtout attachées à identifier des changements dans la confiance que les usagers pouvaient accorder à ces services. Elles se sont plus rarement penchées sur la confiance des personnels de la fonction publique dans la régulation de leurs propres organisations. C'est ce que nous proposons de faire dans cet article portant sur les effets des transformations en cours de la régulation des écoles primaires françaises sur la confiance des cadres éducatifs à l'égard de leur propre organisation. Pour ce faire, nous exploitons une enquête exploratoire sur trois outils néo-gestionnaires mis en oeuvre récemment dans l'école primaire française : les évaluations d'école, la loi Rilhac de décembre 2021 sur la responsabilité du « pilotage pédagogique » des directeurs d'école et les appels à projets innovants. Reposant sur l'analyse croisée d'entretiens, d'observations et de corpus de documents auprès de directrices d'école et d'inspectrices, il montre que si ces professionnelles sont soumises à des épreuves de professionnalité qui peuvent les fragiliser dans leur fonction, elles demeurent toutefois fortement engagées dans la mise en oeuvre de ces outils et que cette dernière s'accompagne d'une « défiance loyale » pouvant générer un affaiblissement des dynamiques de coopérations durables au profit de collaborations de type instrumental.</div
Condensation of major and trace elements in dust-rich environments
No full textInternational audienceRecent astronomical observations have shown that dust can get locally concentrated in protoplanetary disks, forming ring structures. The thermal processing of such regions could lead to dust evaporation and local enrichment of the solar gas in condensable elements. Previous studies focusing on major element behavior have shown that condensation of such dust-enriched gas could lead to the formation of a silicate melt with compositions resembling that of chondrules. However, previous studies focusing on dust-enriched environments were restricted to a limited set of elements.To study the mineralogical and chemical composition of condensates in these conditions, we have performed equilibrium calculations using the FactSage™ software for a dust-enriched solar gas. The calculations were done with dust-enrichment factors of 1 (solar composition), 10 and 100 at pressures ranging between 10 -6 bar and 10 -3 bar, for a CI-chondrite dust and a H-chondrite dust. The trace element condensation was accurately modeled with newly calculated activity coefficients in different solid and melt solutions. The available gas phase database was completed with new trace element species that are important to consider in oxidized conditions. The mineralogical sequence, melt composition and condensation temperature for all condensable elements were then quantified.Our calculations show that the iron contents of olivine in equilibrium with a gas that is x100 enriched in CI-dust is consistent with that of amoeboid olivine aggregates and chondrules. Furthermore, our estimated temperature at which fayalite can form in these conditions is higher than what was previously proposed, enabling diffusion and homogenization of iron in olivine. The calculated composition of refractory metals for a x10 and x100 CI-dust enriched gas at 10 -4 bar is consistent with the measured compositions of refractory metal nuggets. The possibility for these grains to have formed in an H2O ice-enriched gas can be ruled out as the calculated fractionation patterns in this case did not match the observed compositions.</div
On the Application of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>235</sup>U, and <sup>232</sup>Th Decay Series Disequilibria to Understanding the Processes and Timescales of Oceanic Basalt Petrogenesis
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding how processes of magma genesis and magma differentiation control and modify the chemical composition of erupted lavas from the geochemical measurements of the latter is an under-constrained inverse problem, as there is only one known parameter—the measured composition of the erupted lava—but two unknown parameters—the chemical composition and lithology of the source before melting and how melting, crystallization, and melt–rock interactions act to alter the lava en route to the surface. In this invited contribution, we review nearly seven decades of scientific research that demonstrate the potential of U and Th decay series measurements for unraveling the complexities of oceanic magmatism. We review the underlying nuclear theory, geochemical principles, and application of the 238U, 235U, and 232Th decay series for (i) defining the timescales of magma genesis during decompression mantle melting, (ii) establishing the timescales of magma recharge and magma degassing, and (iii) determining the eruption ages of oceanic Quaternary volcanism
The role of vision and proprioception in implicit and explicit self-movement recognition
No full textInternational audienceThe recognition of one’s own body is a fundamental component of body self-representation. While several studies have reported a self-advantage (enhanced performance when processing one’s own body parts), this phenomenon appears complex and inconsistently observed across tasks. In particular, a self-advantage often emerges in implicit tasks, where self-recognition is incidental, whereas explicit self-recognition tasks sometimes reveal no advantage or even a self-disadvantage. Although previous research has examined various aspects of movement self-recognition, systematic investigations directly comparing self-advantage effects in implicit versus explicit recognition of one’s own movements, and disentangling the respective contributions of vision and proprioception within this framework, remain scarce. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the self-advantage effect previously reported for static body parts extends to the recognition of one’s own movements, in visual and proprioceptive conditions. In the implicit task, participants judged the perceived lateral direction (left or right) of their own or others’ arm reaching movements, which were pre-recorded and replayed using an upper-limb exoskeleton. In the explicit task, participants judged whether reaching movements were their own or not. In the visual condition, they observed the exoskeleton executing the reaching movements, while in the proprioceptive condition their arm was passively moved by the exoskeleton. Results showed self-advantage in the implicit recognition task, with participants demonstrating higher accuracy in discriminating their own actions in both visual and proprioceptive modalities. Notably, this self-advantage for movement ownership was also observed in the explicit recognition within the visual modality, but was absent in the proprioceptive modality. Thus, individuals can implicitly differentiate distinct proprioceptive and visual kinematic patterns associated with their own movements, this advantage extending to explicit recognition in the visual modality. These findings reveal the role of proprioceptive experience in implicitly favoring action discrimination and highlight the differential influence of visual and proprioceptive cues in motion self-recognition
Three- to 8-year old children do not favor male power when allocating resources
No full textInternational audienceAbstract From an early age, children perceive power imbalances between genders, but their attitudes toward gendered power remain largely unexplored. We studied this issue using a resource allocation task with 653 French children aged 3–8 (50.15% girls) recruited between 2022 and 2023. Participants were exposed to a dyadic power interaction and had to distribute more resources to either the dominant or the subordinate character. We tested three hypotheses: H1 predicted a male dominance bias; H2 predicted own-gender favoritism; and H3 predicted sensitivity to hierarchical status only. Contrary to H1, no pro-male bias was found. Results supported H3: younger children favored dominant characters, while older children favored subordinates. H2 was partially supported, showing own-gender bias, stronger in girls, without overriding sensitivity to status
