International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research
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The Role of Pruthkparnyadi Gana with special reference to Complications in Pregnancy
Get PDFPregnancy is a wonderful moment as to give birth to new live. Physiological changes during pregnancy may lead to complication of both mother and baby. Among these preeclampsia, eclampsia and epilepsy are major cause of maternal mortality in developed and developing countries causing perinatal morbidity and mortality with foetal growth retardation. In Ayurveda, complications in pregnancy are not mentioned specifically. Masanumasik Paricharaya for Garbhini (regimen for the pregnant woman) is mentioned, which helps to prevent and cure disease and maintain health of mother and foetus. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia mostly occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. During pregnancy mostly Madhura (sweet) Rasa drugs are used while in 6th and 7th month of pregnancy Acharya Sushruta has mentioned Gokshur and Pruthkparnyadi Gana additionally. Plants reviewed showed antiepileptic, anti-hypertensive, nootropic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, rejuvenative, diuretics, and cardio protective properties, which are helpful in safe and natural management of complications in pregnancy. So there is definite role of above drugs. Hence an attempt has been made to elaborate the role of these drugs in complications during pregnancy
Review on Pharmaco-therapeutic potential of wetland herb Enhydra fluctuans Lour (Hilamochika)
Get PDFEnhydra fluctuans Lour, commonly known as the Indian Marshweed or Raktakarabi, holds an important place in Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine. This medicinal herb has gained attention for its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Traditional Ayurvedic remedies for a variety of health issues, including fever, inflammation, wound healing, digestive disorders, and respiratory ailments, use Enhydra fluctuans L. Recent scientific studies have validated its traditional uses, revealing the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and essential oils that contribute to its medicinal properties. Moreover, Enhydra fluctuans L. exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer effects. This article aims to give a substantial overview of Enhydra fluctuans L., highlighting its botanical characteristics, historical usage, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological activities. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of Enhydra fluctuans L. involve its ability to modulate various molecular targets and signaling pathways, contributing to the regulation of immune responses, lowering oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory mediators, and promoting tissue regeneration. Enhydra fluctuans L. has also demonstrated promising anti-cancer potential through apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. This review critically assesses the preclinical and clinical studies on Enhydra fluctuans L., emphasizing its safety profile and potential adverse effects. Furthermore, it explores the prospects and challenges in developing Enhydra fluctuans L. as a mainstream therapeutic agent, including the need for standardized extraction techniques, identification of active compounds, formulation optimization, and rigorous clinical trials
Ayurvedic Management of Schizophrenia - A Case Report
Get PDFSchizophrenia is ranked by the World Health Organization as one of the top ten illnesses contributing to global burden of disease, commonly associated with impairment in social and occupational functioning. It is defined by abnormalities in one or more of the five domains including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviour (including catatonia) and negative symptoms. A 40-year-old female patient was admitted in the Government Ayurveda Research Institute for Mental Health and Hygiene, Kottakkal, with agitation, anger, harming tendencies along with nudity for 2 months. There were suicidal ideations and escaping tendencies. In Ayurveda, Unmada is the umbrella term where almost all psychotic features are enlisted. Unmada is defined as perversion in Manas, Budhi, Samjnajnana, Smruthi, Bhakthi, Seela, Cheshta and Achara. Management of Unmada is based on the predominance of dosha involved in the pathogenesis. Sodhana, Samana and Satwavajaya are the 3 important treatment modalities used in management of Unmada. Sodhana procedure is foremost important in management of Unmada. The patient was treated on an IP level with a combination of Ayurvedic internal medications and procedures for 30 days. The treatment protocol including Sirodhara, Snehapana, Virechana, Vasti and Nasya was administered. PANSS scale was used to evaluate the symptoms before and after the treatment. There was a significant reduction in score from 115 to 45 after the intervention. This case report shows the importance of Ayurveda in the effective management of schizophrenia
An Overview on Vegetable Origin Drugs Used in Ayurveda, Included in the Schedule (E1) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945
Get PDFThe Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 are the rules which Government of India framed under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act,1940. The objective of the act is to regulate the quality, safety and efficacy of the drugs and cosmetics sold in India. Schedule (E1) of the rules enlist the poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic (including Siddha) and Unani Systems of Medicine. The present work is an overview on the vegetable origin poisonous drugs used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Methods: A thorough evaluation of literature was done, including the relevant portions of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, authoritative text books of Ayurveda, published research papers in reputed journals. Results: Schedule (E1) is related to Rule 161(2) of The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945; which instructs that if an ASU medicine contain any one of the Schedule (E1) drug as an ingredient, its label must contain a caution note, warning the user that it should be taken only under medical supervision. 14 vegetable origin drugs are categorized under the list of poisonous substances in Ayurvedic system. All these drugs have promising therapeutic utility which was also proved by various researches. Even though included in Visha-Upavisha varga (group of poisonous substances), these drugs are not toxic as Ayurveda advocates the unique processing method of Shodhana (purification) before using them therapeutically. Effect of Shodhana (purification) was also proved by various researches. Conclusion: Ayurvedic medicine, containing Schedule (E1) drug as an ingredient should be sold and used only under valid prescription of a registered physician. They are to be manufactured only after proper Shodhana (purification) of the poisonous ingredient. Caution label should be there on the medicine bottle. Physicians must ensure judicious usage of these medicines by giving proper patient education regarding the dosage and duration of administration
Agnikarma - Understanding the process from Past to the Present
Get PDFThroughout human history, medical practices have evolved and adapted to the prevailing knowledge, culture, and technology of their time. One such ancient medical technique that holds a significant place in history is "Agnikarma," a fire-based therapeutic intervention. Originating in civilizations such as India, China, Greece, and Egypt, Agnikarma\u27s evolution and significance are explored within their cultural and medical contexts. Its origins are traced to ancient medical texts, including the "Sushruta Samhita" and the "Huangdi Neijing," which document its application in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), respectively. Agnikarma\u27s role in treating a wide array of conditions, from pain relief to chronic ailments, is examined, reflecting its diverse applications across cultures. Agnikarma involves the application of heat to specific points on the body using a variety of instruments, such as metal rods, needles, and cow dung cakes. By stimulating blood circulation and promoting the body\u27s natural healing process, Agnikarma has been used to address conditions ranging from musculoskeletal pain to skin disorders. An attempt is made using this article to review how the process started from being worshipped like God to a therapeutic procedure, the step-by-step development. This review article explores the historical origins and contemporary use of Agnikarma therapy. The article also discusses the future directions for the research and development of this ancient healing technique. In essence, this historical review illuminates Agnikarma\u27s cultural significance, medical impact, and role in shaping the trajectory of medical practices through time
Critical Understanding of Myasthenia Gravis on the Basis of Vyadhi Ghatak
Get PDFMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorder characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. Myasthenia gravis has prevalence as high 200 in 100,000. It affects individuals in all age groups, but peak incidences occur in women in their twenties and thirties and in men in their fifties and sixties. Overall, women are affected more frequently than men, in a ratio of 3:2. It has bimodal age distribution. In MG, the fundamental defect is a decrease in the number of available AChRs at the postsynaptic muscle membrane. It presents with fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue most commonly affecting the ocular muscles, although any muscle may be affected. In modern science treatment of Myasthenia gravis include anti-cholinesterase medications, glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive agents. Long term use of steroid and immune modulator drugs has many adverse effects on other system of body. Ayurvedic therapies can give much more promising results. Comparison between myasthenia gravis and diseases explained in Ayurveda is difficult and exact correlation is not possible. But based on critical understanding of Vyadhighataka, a probable diagnosis can be made and treated accordingly. In this article, attempt is made to understand the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis by considering the concepts of Dosha (vitiated Dosha), Dushya (vitiated Dushya), Aama, Agnimandya, and Srotovaigunya. For any disease pathology to begin, all components must be present. Pathogenesis of any disease will not occur without these elements
Ekamoolika Prayoga Mentioned in Sushrutha Samhita
Get PDFEkamoolika prayoga is the common and convenient way of prescribing medicine Ayurveda. Sushrutha samhita is one of the treatises famous for surgery and medicine. Eventhough there are abundant formulations mentioned in by Acharya sushrutha for various diseases there are also many Ekamoolika prayogas which have equal importance. There are single drugs mentioned for both maintainace of health and also treating diseases. We can also find medicines used both internally and externally. There are over 300 Ekamoolika prayoga mentioned in Sushrutha samhita which includes prescription for many diseases such as Krimi, Prameha, Graha Pratishedha, Netra roga, Twak vikara, Udara, Vrana etc. and also single drugs are mentioned for Rasayana, Vajeekarana and Swasthahita purpose. Different Anupana are mentioned based on the different Dosha involved in the disease. Encouraging the use of Ekamoolika prayoga is not only easy and convenient but also econonomical. It aims mainly on conservation thus avoiding the exploitation of drugs which are rare
A Review on Shwasahara Dravyas in Bhavaprakash Nighantu
Get PDFRespiratory disorders (Shwasa Roga) and coughs are global health complaints that affect everyone differently throughout their lives. These complaints are prevalent across all age groups. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) caused by respiratory dysfunction is classified under Shwasa Roga in Ayurveda. Exposure to dust, smoke and environmental variations are the main risk factors for this disorder. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda. It contains descriptions of Dravyas which are indicated for various diseases and also Shwasahara Dravyas. In this review article, an extensive search of drugs for Shwasa Roga, in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is done. The study showed that out of 23 Vargas of drugs in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, 18 Vargas contain 92 Dravyas for Shwasa of plants, animals, and minerals origin
A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Gomutra Arka Parisheka and Jathyadi Ghrita Application in Dushta Vrana w.s.r. to Non-Healing Ulcers
Get PDFVrana is derived from the word ‘Vran’ which means one which causes destruction and discoloration of the body parts. Current estimates indicate nearly 6 million people suffer from chronic wound worldwide. Wounds can significantly interfere with quality of life of the patient. It can also complicate into gangrene, septicemia and death. Sushruta Acharya explains the features of Dushta Vrana. Shashtir Upakrama is mentioned as management for Vrana. Gomutra is one among the Parisheka Upakrama Dravya as well as in Krimighna Upakrama Dravya. Jathyadi gritha is prescribed as Vrana ropaka. An effort is made to evaluate the effect of Gomutra Arka Parisheka followed by Jathyadi Ghrita topical application in Dushta Vrana. It is a single group open labelled, randomized clinical study with pre test and post test design. 30 patients diagnosed with Dushta vrana fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for clinical trial with consent and subjected to Gomutra Arka parisheka with Jatyadhi Ghrita application followed by internal medications. The Parisheka and application was done for 7 days, data is recorded daily. Data obtained were recorded and statically analyzed. The treatment showed significant clinical improvement in controlling of pain, itching, foul smell and discharge. Clinical study showed good improvement in healing of ulcers in terms of clearing of slough, formation of granulation tissue and wound contraction
Role of Agni in Panchakarma Practice: A Conceptual Study
Get PDFPanchakarma is a complex system of the expulsion of vitiated Doshas i.e., toxins, or waste and thus inducing purification of the body. They are therapeutic emesis (Vamana), therapeutic purgation (Virechana), decoction enema (Niruha Vasti), oil enema (Anuvasana Vasti), and instillation of medicine through the nose, (Nasya). All Panchakarma procedures are carried out in three stages known as Poorvakarma (pre-operative procedures), Pradhanakarma (operative procedures), and Paschat karma (post-operative procedures). Agni has a very important role in all these Poorva-Pradhana and Paschat karma. The order of Panchakarma starts with Deepana-Pachana. Then Sneha-Sweda and Pradhana karma. The role of Deepana-Pachana is the correction of deranged Agni. Because a Dravya has to get digested properly by the Jatharagni after which it starts its action, Exception for this in Vamana dravya. Furthermore, following Pradhana karma, the body experiences Suddhi as a result of the removal of Doshas, which results in Agnimandya. Agnimandya is corrected by Samsarjana krama. Thus, the successful administration of Panchakarma is solely dependent on the person\u27s Agni status. So, in this paper, a humble attempt is made to understand the role of Agni in Panchakarma practice