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Modelling cure indicators using the curesurv R package: a tutorial using data from the French cancer registries
No full textInternational audienceCure models are essential in survival analyses because they take into account the fraction of patients who achieve long-term survival and will not experience disease-related death. In a relative survival framework, these models estimate the excess hazard (i.e. the additional death risk attributable to the disease), while assuming that some patients will not experience such excess risk. In 2002, Phillips and colleagues introduced a class of cure models where background mortality is modelled as a scaled version of the general population’s mortality. This tutorial presents the curesurv R package for parametric cure modelling in the relative survival setting, with and without background mortality rescaling. The package supports both the Weibull mixture cure model and the non-mixture cure model proposed by Boussari and colleagues in 2018, offering flexible tools for assessing long-term survival. The curesurv R package application is illustrated using testicular, breast, and prostate cancer datasets from the French FRANCIM cancer registries. This tutorial provides a practical guide to researchers in epidemiology and health economics for implementing cure fraction models and interpreting long-term survival estimates
Stéréotypes de genre au travail : une approche exploratoire par le rapport de diagnosticité
No full textThème du congrès : « Transformer les organisations par un Management des Ressources Humaines engagé et citoyen ! »International audienc
La menace de l’air. Le miasme, l’atmosphère et le vivant dans La 628-E8 (1907)
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the matter of air in Octave Mirbeau's La 628-E8 (1907) from the perspective of sensory and environmental studies. This depiction of automobile travel addresses atmospheric phenomena through the already-disqualified miasma theory: unpleasant odours are not only a threat to health and safety, but also influence the narrator's affective life and, ultimately, the political and poetic concerns subtextually motivating the very composition of the text.L’article aborde la question de l’air dans La 628-E8 d’Octave Mirbeau à partir de perspectives à la fois sensorielles et environnementales. Le texte consacré à l’automobile thématise l’environnement atmosphérique à travers le paradigme ancien du miasme : les odeurs désagréables non seulement représentent une menace sanitaire patente, mais aussi influencent le déploiement des affects du narrateur et, in fine, les préoccupations à la fois politiques et poétiques motivant en sous-texte la composition même du texte
Olivier Lumbroso. Dans l’atelier d’Émile Zola . Paris, Hermann, 2024, 212 p.
No full textInternational audienc
Liability for environmental crimes : A comparative study of laws on ecocide and the prevention of oil discharge into the sea
No full textInternational audienceAwareness of the short-term destructive effects of human activity on the ecosystem and on human populations is currently being translated into law. This is a response to civil society’s demand that law, particularly criminal and international law, be adapted to the imperative requirements imposed by climate change. The demand for a new way of conceiving the relationship between humans and nature is characterized, in particular, by strong denominative, neological, and discursive dynamics. However, many of the scientific or political concepts that are making inroads into the law are still controversial or considered fuzzy. The construction of environmental law has been marked by calls for vigilance. To illustrate these tensions, this chapter is based on two corpora which were built using the idea that liability is “the guiding principle of environmental law” (Ost, 1995). Indeed, this area’s legal innovation clashes with existing law and its terminology. The first part of this chapter looks at the evolution of the terminology of criminal responsibility in the provisions of three draft texts drawn up by lawyers campaigning for the introduction of the crime of ecocide into criminal law. The second part studies the evolution of the terminology of criminal liability in binding texts relating to marine pollution by oil discharges. The aim is to compare these two corpora and to make the hypothesis that “criminal response to environmental damage caused by oil spills” (Jaworski 2009) offers a powerful legislative framework for responding to calls for stricter repression of environmental crime as a whole
Two-photon-assisted collisions in ultracold gases of polar molecules
No full textInternational audienceWe present a theoretical formalism to treat the ultracold dynamics of a pair of colliding polar molecules submitted to two laser fields. We express the dressed Hamiltonian including the dipoledipole interaction of the colliding molecular pair, both in their ground and electronic excited states, as well as their interaction with the two laser fields. We apply adiabatic elimination of the electronic excited state to reduce the size of the dressed-state basis in which the dressed Hamiltoninan is expressed. In an application, we investigate the feasibility of two-photon collisional shielding between two 23 Na 39 K molecules, which could be favored by the Raman resonance condition suppressing unwanted spontaneous emission and photon scattering. We demonstrate the influence of the laser Rabi frequencies on the dynamics through the computation of elastic, inelastic, and reactive collision rates
Et si l'essentiel était d'y croire ? Proposition d'un modèle explicatif de la réussite académique : le rôle des croyances implicites dans la performance en expression écrite
No full textIn a context where academic success remains a major issue for higher education institutions, this thesis aims to develop a new explanatory model of academic success based on implicit beliefs, or mindset, in a French university context. Starting with a sociological chapter, the analysis highlights the structural determinants of success, such as social origins and previous educational trajectories, while also highlighting the persistence of inequalities, particularly in the first year of university. From a psychosocial perspective, these bases make it possible to identify certain determinants of implicit beliefs, fixed or growth mindset (Dweck & Leggett, 1988), and to propose a model based on achievement goals, self-handicapping, self-esteem and domain identification. Particular attention is paid to the psychometric properties of the scales used, and to the potential interactions between these different variables. The final theoretical chapter summarises the empirical work on psychosocial interventions aimed at developing students' growth mindset, and discusses the optimal conditions for their implementation, using different mediators and moderators (Parada, 2020).Experimentally, this thesis seeks to extend the prism of intelligence, designated as the main and potentially problematic support of the mindset literature (Limeri et al., 2020), to explore written expression skills and the threat that it may represent for students. It is within this field that the theoretical model developed is confronted with observations, first correlational, then interventional, in order to test causally the links between the variables formulated as hypotheses. These studies provide a better understanding of the circumstances in which interventions are particularly effective and can generate adaptive cognitions and strategies for performance in evaluative situations. Exploring the area of written expression also highlights a factor that plays an important role in educational inequalities: stereotype threat.Dans un contexte où la réussite académique demeure un enjeu majeur pour les institutions de l’enseignement supérieur, cette thèse vise à développer un modèle explicatif inédit de la réussite académique axé sur les croyances implicites, ou mindset, dans un contexte universitaire français. En partant d’un premier chapitre à ancrage sociologique, l’analyse met en lumière les déterminants structurels de la réussite, tels que les origines sociales, et les trajectoires scolaires antérieures, tout en soulignant la persistance des inégalités, notamment en première année universitaire. Ces bases permettent, dans une perspective psychosociale, d’identifier certains déterminants des croyances implicites, fixes ou incrémentielles (Dweck & Leggett, 1988), et de proposer un modèle articulé autour des buts d’accomplissement, de l’auto-handicap, de l’estime de soi et de l’identification au domaine. Un regard particulier est posé sur les propriétés psychométriques des échelles mobilisées, et sur les interactions potentielles entre ces différentes variables. Un dernier chapitre théorique s’attache à synthétiser les travaux empiriques sur les interventions psychosociales visant à développer les croyances incrémentielles des étudiants, dont les conditions optimales de mises en œuvre sont discutées, à travers différents médiateurs et modérateurs (Parada, 2020).Expérimentalement, cette thèse cherche à étendre le prisme de l’intelligence, désigné comme support majoritaire et potentiellement problématique de la littérature des croyances (Limeri et al., 2020), pour explorer les capacités en expression écrite et la menace qu’elle peut représenter pour les étudiants. C’est au sein de ce domaine que le modèle théorique développé est confronté aux observations, d’abord corrélationnelles, puis interventionnelles, afin de tester de manière causale les liens entre les variables formulés en hypothèses. Ces études permettent de mieux comprendre dans quelles circonstances les interventions sont particulièrement efficaces et peuvent engendrer des cognitions et stratégies adaptatives pour la performance en situation évaluative. L’exploration du domaine de l’expression écrite permet également de mettre en lumière un facteur qui joue un rôle important dans les inégalités scolaires : la menace du stéréotype
Il y a-t-il des tiers oubliés par la jurisprudence Tarn-et-Garonne ?
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this contribution is to examine the rationality and limits of the distinction between "privileged" third parties and "ordinary" third parties on which the Tarn-et-Garonne case law is built, as well as the application that has been made of it over the last ten years.La présente contribution a pour objet d'interroger la rationalité et les limites de la distinction entre les tiers "privilégiés" et les tiers "ordinaires" sur laquelle est construite la jurisprudence Tarn-et-Garonne ainsi que l'application qui en fut faite au cours de ces dix dernières années
Back to the future: will today’s new varietal and “free-from” wines shape the wine experience of tomorrow?
No full textInternational audienceClimate change and evolving societal expectations have impacted the wine industry, putting pressure on production and sales. In response, the industry has introduced various innovations that break with conventional practices and are beginning to emerge on the global market. In viticulture, three noteworthy strategies involve cultivating grape varieties that can withstand extreme weather, such as developing fungus-resistant varieties, migrating drought-tolerant varieties northwards, and reviving autochthonous varieties. In oenology, wine production is evolving towards more natural and healthier wines, such as sulphite-free or alcohol-free. This opinion-driven review summarises the merits and drawbacks of these innovations, examining professionals’ and consumers’ attitudes through the latest food science studies. Developing resistant varieties and reviving forgotten ones appear to offer great potential for growth, which professionals and consumers seem willing to support. Reducing the alcohol content would also be beneficial for the future, given the trend towards moderation in consumption