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OntoPFAS : Ontologie des PFAS et de leur exposition
No full textMISTEA - Axe informatiqueInternational audienceLa construction d'ontologies est une des premières tâches dans le domaine de la représentation des connaissances. Elle reste très pertinente aujourd'hui, grâce à l'expressivité des langages formels, qui permettent encore d'explorer et de découvrir des connaissances. Pendant des décennies, la communauté a développé des méthodologies pour la construction manuelle d'ontologies, et plusieurs classifications de celles-ci ont été proposées. Dans cet article, nous présentons une méthodologie de construction d'ontologie basée sur des méthodes existantes, et nous l'appliquons à la représentation du domaine des PFAS (Per-et poly-fluoroalkyle substances) et de leur exposition. Les PFAS sont des substances dont la structure chimique particulière les rend très résistantes et efficaces dans de nombreuses applications industrielles. Ils suscitent un intérêt croissant en raison de leur impact négatif sur la santé et l'environnement. Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet interdisciplinaire DAE (Détection d'Anomalies Environnementales)
The impact of educational and work trajectories on wellbeing in midlife: A comparison of Canada and Germany
No full textInternational audienceThis study employs longitudinal data from Germany and Canada to investigate how patterns of education, employment and care work influence wellbeing in midlife and how these patterns differ by gender and national context. Although previous research has addressed wellbeing at different life stages, it has rarely examined long-term effects across gendered life trajectories within contrasting welfare state contexts. We conduct separate analyses for men and women using partial proportional odds models (PPO) to estimate wellbeing levels. The models include clusters of educational and employment trajectories, along with socio-demographic variables that capture individual and family contexts known to affect wellbeing. Our results extend prior research demonstrating that education and employment trajectories shape midlife wellbeing, with associations varying by gender and country. Our analyses illustrate that Canadian women are able to draw benefits from part-time work, whereas for German women no consistent associations emerge once family-centred factors are considered. Among German men, wellbeing seems to be shaped primarily by household income, while for Canadian men good health is significantly associated with wellbeing. Our study underscores how gendered life course patterns continue to influence wellbeing and how welfare state regularities reinforce these inequalities. We conclude with a critical reflection on the compatibility of work and family life and its implications for wellbeing among women and men
Encoding magnetic anisotropies in digital light processing 3D printing
No full textInternational audienceMagnetic fields are increasingly used in 4D printing to program matter across multiple length scales, enabling control over both macroscopic structures and nanoscale particle organization. However, their integration into additive manufacturing remains limited by compatibility constraints—such as interference with extrusion or optical access—and the inherent challenge of generating spatially resolved, dynamic magnetic fields. In this work, a digital light processing 3D printing method is introduced that directly encodes programmable magnetic anisotropy during fabrication. By formulating a photocurable resin with magnetic nanoparticles and liquid crystal monomers, composite structures are fabricated that respond to both magnetic and thermal stimuli. A hybrid magnetic system—combining a nested Halbach array with a coaxial coil placed in its inner cavity—enables real‐time, 3D control of magnetic fields (in both direction and intensity) during the printing process. This approach enables the alignment of liquid crystal mesogens, magnetic fillers, and the formation of vertically oriented nanoparticle chains. The resulting materials exhibit direction‐dependent actuation, shape reconfiguration, and selective conductivity, demonstrating a versatile platform for creating multifunctional and multi‐stimuli‐responsive devices
Growth and co-growth in negatively curved groups
No full textInternational audienceNotes from the mini-course given at the CIRM in April 202
Do Musicians Have Better Short-Term Memory Than Nonmusicians? A Multilab Study
No full textInternational audienceMusicians are often regarded as a positive example of brain plasticity and associated cognitive benefits. This emerges when experienced musicians (e.g., musicians with more than 10 years of music training and practice) are compared with nonmusicians. A frequently observed behavioral finding is a short-term memory advantage of the former over the latter. Although available meta-analysis reported that the effect size of this advantage is medium (Hedges’s g = 0.5), no literature study was adequately powered to estimate reliably an effect of such size. This multilab study has been ideated, realized, and conducted in lab by several groups that have been working on this topic. Our ultimate goal was to provide a community-driven shared and reliable estimate of the musicians’ short-term memory advantage (if any) and set a method and a standard for future studies in neuroscience and psychology comparing musicians and nonmusicians. Thirty-three research units recruited a total of 600 experienced musicians and 600 nonmusicians, a number that is sufficiently large to estimate a small effect size (Hedges’s g = 0.3) with a high statistical power (i.e., 95%). Subsequently, we measured the difference in short-term memory for musical, verbal, and visuospatial stimuli. We also looked at cognitive, personality, and socioeconomic factors that might mediate the difference. Musicians had better short-term memory than nonmusicians for musical, verbal, and visuospatial stimuli with an effect size of, respectively, Hedges’s g s = 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.94, 1.22]; large), 0.16 (95% CI = [0.02 0.30]; very small), and 0.28 (95% CI = [0.15, 0.41]; small). This work sets the basis for sound research practices in studies comparing musicians and nonmusicians and contributes to the ongoing debate on the possible cognitive benefits of musical training
Effect of Laser Texturing in Thermal Spraying on the Fatigue Life of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in aerospace applications for its excellent mechanical properties; however, it presents low wear resistance. It is often coated with a cermet using high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying to improve its wear performance. The Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr cermet becomes particularly interesting since it is non-carcinogenic, compared to traditional cermet coatings containing tungsten-cobalt compounds. While the improvement in wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V with this coating has been demonstrated, its impact on the fatigue performance of the alloy remains to be studied. This is precisely the aim of this study, which focuses on the fatigue life of a Cr 3 C 2 -25NiCr-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Among the various influencing factors, surface preparation represents a significant source of crack initiation, particularly in the case of sandblasted surfaces. Indeed, the inclusion of fragmented alumina particles can produce stress concentration zones. Thus, laser texturing, which is a method involving the creation of anchoring points through controlled ablation, can be considered today as a less harmful surface preparation technique. The results obtained from cyclic tensile fatigue tests with a stress ratio of 0.1 for these two surface preparation methods, both with and without the coating, are presented in this paper
The socioeconomic environment and access to care affect the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The socioeconomic environment and access to care may influence the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer. We aimed to study the effects of the socioeconomic environment and access to care on the net survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA).Methods: All patients with HCC or iCCA who were diagnosed between 2013 and 2015 within the French network of cancer registries were included, with follow-up until June 2018. The socioeconomic environment and access to care were assessed using the European Deprivation Index and the Spatial Accessibility Multiscalar (SCALe) index. The excess hazard ratios (EHR) were estimated and modelled using flexible parametric survival models with multidimensional penalized splines.Results: In total, 6137 patients were included (4931 with HCC and 1206 with iCCA). The 5-year net survival rates for men and women with HCC were 19.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) [18.1; 21.3]) and 20.0% (95% CI [16.2; 24.1]), respectively, and the 5-year net survival rates for men and women with iCCA were 10.4% (95% CI [7.5;14.0]) and 10.3% (95% CI [7.4;13.8]), respectively. A socioeconomic gradient was identified between the most and the least deprived areas for men with HCC (EHR 1.16 (95% CI [1.04;1.29]). Difficult access to care negatively affected the net survival of women with HCC (EHR 1.36 (95% CI [1.10;1.68]) corresponding to the 3rd quintile of distribution) and women with iCCA (EHR 1.37 (95% CI [1.07;1.76]) for the most isolated quintile compared with the least isolated quintile).Conclusions: This study provides distinct net survival analyses for patients with HCC and iCCA. The net survival of patients with HCC is twice as high as that of patients with iCCA. The social environment adversely affects the net survival of men with HCC, whereas the geographical environment adversely affects that of women with HCC and iCCA
Les tissus du marchand et ceux de la maison à Dijon à la fin du Moyen Âge
No full textInternational audienceOn conserve pour la ville de Dijon à la fin du Moyen Âge un volumineux corpus d’inventaires après décès qui permettent de pénétrer à l’intérieur des maisons. Ce qui est décrit révèle l’importance du tissu et l’extraordinaire variété de ce qui est disponible à l’achat. Les mots utilisés par les scribes de la mairie lors du recensement des objets montrent qu’une simple couleur, comme la couleur pers, renvoie dans les faits à une palette de nuances impressionnante
Faux semis : Un levier à relativiser pour maîtriser les adventices
No full textNational audienceLes données du projet COMBHERPIC montrent que les faux-semis ne réduisent pas nécessairement les levées d’adventices dans les cultures d’automne. Ils peuvent parfois se révéler efficaces sur flore spécifique avant une culture de printemps
Using total abundance as a proxy for wild bee species richness: A practical tool for non‐experts
No full textInternational audienceAbstract As there is growing interest among non‐specialists in participating in pollinator conservation initiatives, developing proxies for wild bee species richness that could be potentially used by non‐experts can aid conservation, decision support systems for managers and policymakers, and create entry points for future taxonomists. We used data from 63 independent studies in which wild bees were sampled, covering all main European habitats and climates. We tested two proxies for wild bee species richness: abundance of all wild bees (excluding the honeybee) and abundance of bumblebees. These proxies require basic taxonomic training and have the potential for routine implementation by non‐experts. Within‐region, the abundance of wild bees was a strong predictor of wild bee species richness at the local scale, with an average correlation exceeding 0.80. Bumblebee abundance was a poorer proxy for total wild bee species richness (correlation coefficient of ~0.55) and was unsuitable for warm‐temperate and Mediterranean climates. Observed abundance‐richness correlations were consistent across climates, habitats and sampling methods, suggesting that, after a simple training, counting all bee individuals in transect walks provides a non‐lethal, robust estimate of wild bee species richness. We observed a weak negative relationship between sample coverage and the strength of the abundance‐richness correlation. Synthesis and applications. The use of a simple but effective proxy could be an important starting point for the expansion of wild bee monitoring initiatives at the regional scale, particularly given the growing involvement of non‐specialists. We provided here a simple implementation framework to use this proxy in rapid biodiversity assessments, such as the evaluation of payment‐by‐result schemes by farmers and measuring the efficacy of conservation actions in urban green areas or protected areas by citizens and site managers, respectively. It is important to stress that we are not advocating for the replacement of the urgently needed long‐term monitoring of pollinator status and trends. Instead, we propose that employing an effective proxy for non‐experts could enhance the evaluation of many local and regional conservation initiatives that currently lack any basic assessment schemes