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Severe intraocular inflammation after intravitreal injection of faricimab: a single-site case series of six patients
No full textInternational audiencePurpose To describe the patient characteristics and clinical course of severe intraocular inflammation (IOI) following intravitreal injection (IVT) of faricimab. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Case series at a single French academic center (Dijon University Hospital) where 263 patients were treated with faricimab IVT between January 9, 2024 and May 7, 2024. Results Over the 4-month period, a total of 1659 eyes (1338 patients) received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) IVTs for a total of 3510 IVTs, of which 343 eyes (263 patients) received faricimab IVTs for a total of 971 IVTs. Overall, six pretreated eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration that were switched to faricimab developed severe unilateral IOI following faricimab IVT (1/162 injections [0.62%]), including five patients presenting with a severe anterior and intermediate uveitis mimicking infectious endophthalmitis. All eyes were normotensive and presented with mild to moderate pain and predominantly moderate vitritis, associated with granulomatous keratic precipitates in two eyes and nonocclusive vasculitis in one eye. The clinical presentation, sterile vitreous sample culture, and rapid improvement with treatment made the diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis unlikely. Four patients out of six did not recover their pre-IOI visual acuity, with an average visual loss of +0.2 logMAR. Two patients had positive antinuclear antibodies, including one with a history of cutaneous lupus. Conclusions In this case series, we reported six cases of severe IOI after intravitreal faricimab over 4 months in a single French center with an estimated incidence rate of 0.6% per injection. Future real-world data will contribute to a better evaluation of the epidemiology of this rare inflammatory adverse event related to intravitreal faricimab
Les pratiques de l'expertise judiciaire en France : Analyse d'épistémologie sociale à partir du cadre véritistique d'Alvin GOLDMAN
No full textCompatible pants decomposition for representations of surface groups
No full textInternational audienceFor any irreducible representation of a surface group into \mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{C}) , we show that there exists a pants decomposition where the restriction to any pair of pants is irreducible and where no curve of the decomposition is sent to a trace \pm 2 element. We prove a similar property for \mathrm{SO}_{3} -representations. We also investigate the type of pants decomposition that can occur in this setting for a given representation. This result was announced by Detcherry and Santharoubane (2022), motivated by the study of the Azumaya locus of the skein algebra of surfaces at roots of unity
Erratum to: “Statistical test for an urn model with random multidrawing and random addition” [Stochastic Process. Appl. 158 (2023) 342-360]
No full textInternational audienceWe complete the study of the model introduced in a previous paper by the same authors. It is a two-color urn model with multiple drawing and random (non-balanced) time-dependent reinforcement matrix. The number of sampled balls at each time-step is random. We identify the exact rates at which the number of balls of each color grows to infinity and define two strongly consistent estimators for the limiting reinforcement averages. Then we prove a Central Limit Theorem, which allows to design a statistical test for such averages
Reducing tannic acid astringency with aromas - effectiveness of whisky lactone and isoamyl acetate
No full textInternational audienceAstringency in foods can significantly affect consumer acceptability. While sugar is known to reduce this sensation, the influence of cross-modal interactions between aroma and astringency remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of sugar and aroma compounds in modulating the perceived astringency of a tannin solution. Three sweet-associated aroma compounds, isoamyl acetate, benzaldehyde and whisky lactone, were tested individually and in combination with sugar. These findings confirm the effectiveness of sugar in reducing astringency, with an optimal impact of approximately 50 g/L (32 %). Isoamyl acetate and whisky lactone also moderately reduced astringency (19 % and 20 %, respectively). However, no significant interaction effect between sugar and these aromas was detected. This preliminary study suggests that reducing astringency via cross-modal interactions with sweet aroma compounds may be feasible. Further research with a broader range of aroma and astringent molecules is needed to generalize these findings
Maternal diet and vulnerability to cognitive impairment in adulthood: possible link with Alzheimer’s disease?
No full textInternational audienceAging is the main risk factor for developing cognitive impairments and associated neurodegenerative diseases. However environmental factors, including nutritional health, are likely to promote or reduce cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative pathologies. An intricate relationship exists between maternal nutrition; and adult eating behavior, metabolic phenotype and cognitive abilities. The objective of the present review was to collect available data suggesting a link between maternal overnutrition and latter impairment of cognitive functions in the progeny, and to related this relationship with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Indeed, cognitive impairments are major behavioral signs of AD. We first reviewed studies showing an association between unbalanced maternal diet and cognitive impairments in the progeny in humans and rodent models. Then we looked for cellular and molecular hallmarks which could constitute a breeding ground for AD in those models. With this end, we focused on synaptic dysfunction, altered neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and pathological protein aggregation. Finally, we proposed an indirect mechanism linking maternal unbalanced diet and progeny’s vulnerability to cognitive impairments and neurodegeneration through promoting metabolic diseases. We also discussed the involvement of progeny’s gut microbiota in the maternal diet-induced vulnerability to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Further investigations are needed to fully decipher how maternal diet programs the fetus and infant brain. Addressing this knowledge gap would pave the way to precise nutrition and personalized medicine to better handle cognitive impairments in adulthood
Frontières et espaces transfrontaliers : représentations politiques sociales et culturelles
No full textBorders and cross-border spaces are at the core of political reconfigurations in the contemporary world. The aim of this issue is to highlight the shifting, protean nature of borders in the first quarter of the 21 st century through a multidisciplinary approach.The analytical approach adopted for this issue is based on a constructivist perspective that takes into account the identity anchoring produced by border situations, by linking it to political, social and cultural realities. Indeed, by being part of a territorial construction, borders help to create a sense of comunity and belonging, and thus shape collective identities.The papers in this issue examine the extreme variety of borders in an uncertain international context and provide essential reflections for understanding current events related to this question. They invite the reader to (re)consider the complexity of these contact zones, which foreground a number of power relations and ideological confrontations but are also a source of cultural hope.Frontières et espaces transfrontaliers sont au coeur des reconfigurations politiques du monde contemporain. Aussi ce numéro se donne-t-il pour ambition, à travers une approche très largement pluridisciplinaire, de mettre en lumière le caractère mouvant et multiforme des frontières de ce premier quart du XXIème siècle.La démarche analytique retenue pour ce dossier s'inscrit dans une approche constructiviste qui prend en compte les ancrages identitaires produits par les situations de frontière en les reliant à des réalités politiques, sociales et culturelles. En effet, en étant partie prenante d'une construction territoriale, la frontière accompagne la création d'un sentiment d'appartenance communautaire et agit, en ce sens, sur le façonnement des identités collectives.Les contributions réunies dans ce numéro interrogent l'extrême variété des frontières dans un contexte international incertain et proposent des éléments de réflexion essentiels permettant de comprendre l'actualité en lien avec cette problématique. Elles invitent le lecteur à (re)penser la complexité de ces zones de contact qui cristallisent nombre de rapports de force et d'affrontements idéologiques mais sont aussi porteuses d'espérances culturelles
Water-soluble platinum and palladium porphyrins with peripheral ethyl phosphonic acid substituents: synthesis, aggregation in solution, and photocatalytic properties
No full textInternational audienceWater-soluble porphyrins have garnered significant attention due to their broad range of applications in biomedicine, catalysis, and material chemistry. In this work, water-soluble platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with porphyrins bearing ethyl phosphonate substituents, namely, Pt/Pd 10-(ethoxyhydroxy- phosphoryl)-5,15-di(p-carboxyphenyl)porphyrins (M3m, M = Pt(II), Pd(II)) and Pt/Pd 5,10-bis(ethoxyhy- droxyphosphoryl)-10,20-diarylporphyrins (M1d–M3d; aryl = p-tolyl (1), mesityl (2), p-carboxyphenyl (3)), were synthesized by alkaline hydrolysis of the corresponding diethyl phosphonates M6m and M4d–M6d. NMR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the mono-phosphonates M3m tend to form aggregates in aqueous media, while the bis-phosphonates M3d exist predominantly as monomeric species across a wide range of concentrations (10−6–10−3 M), ionic strengths (0–0.81 M), and pH values (4–12). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of the diethyl phosphonates Pt6d and Pd6d revealed that π–π stacking of the aromatic macrocycles is sterically hindered in the crystals, providing a rationale for the low degree of solution aggregation observed for ethyl phosphonate M3d. Photophysical studies of M3m and M1d–M3d demonstrated that these compounds are phosphorescent and generate singlet oxygen in aqueous solutions. Pd(II) complex Pd3d is an excellent photocatalyst for the oxidation of sulfides using di- oxygen in a solvent mixture (MeCN/H2O, 4 : 1 v/v). Under these conditions, various alkyl and aryl sulfides were quantitatively converted into the desired sulfoxides. For the oxygenation of mixed alkyl–aryl sulfides, Pd3d outperforms Pd(II) meso-tetrakis(p-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (PdTCPP). This photocatalyst can be recycled and reused to afford sulfoxides with no loss of product yield