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Mental Multimorbidity Among General-Population Adults: Sex-Specific Sociodemographic Profiles of Anxiety, Insomnia, and Eating Disorders. Response to M. Zhang
No full textLetter to the editor. This article mentions parts of: Mental Multimorbidity Among General-Population Adults: Sex-Specific Sociodemographic Profiles of Anxiety, Insomnia, and Eating DisordersInternational audienc
Cardiogenetics and uncertainty: Evaluation of professional vulnerability in France
No full textInternational audienceScientific advances in genomics are transforming healthcare and prevention. However, they also increase situations of uncertainty, which in turn increase vulnerability not only for patients and their families but also for professionals. Cardiogenetics plays a crucial role in preventing sudden death in young individuals, but it can pose complex challenges for healthcare teams. To study professionals' perspectives and experiences regarding cardiogenetics-related vulnerability, a national online survey was conducted in France to gather insight from professionals involved in the care pathway of individuals with cardiogenetic conditions. The survey targeted clinical geneticists, genetic counselors, cardiologists, nurses, and psychologists, in collaboration with the CARDIOGEN network. Out of 86 respondents, the majority (64%) reported experiencing vulnerability, which was not correlated with their profession, experience, or the organization of their clinics. Acknowledged vulnerabilities were mainly related to uncertainties regarding incomplete penetrance, variable expression, and genotype-phenotype disparities in cardiogenetics, exacerbated by the evolving interpretation of genetic data, due to the increased access to genomics. Additionally, the implications of these issues, particularly in cases of unexplained sudden deaths that necessitated genetic investigations and family follow up recommendations, raised further concerns. The reported vulnerabilities encompassed both the need for specialized knowledge and the structural complexities of teams combining skills in genetics and cardiology. In addition, the professionals' capacity to empathize can add a degree of vulnerability. Finally, it seems important to focus on how cardiogenetics teams are organized, particularly through close collaboration among genetics and cardiology units, which could help reduce this feeling of vulnerability
Surgical patterns of care of pancreatic cancer. A French population-based study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Surgical resection is the standard recommended treatment in localized pancreatic cancer. The benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is still debated. The aim of this population-based study was to describe the pancreatic cancer surgical management.Material and methods: An observational real-world study from the French Network of Cancer Registries sampled 638 pancreatic adenocarcinomas diagnosed in 2019. Characteristics of patients, tumours and recommended and administered treatments were collected. Operability of the patients and resectability of the tumours were described. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the probability of having surgical resection.Results: Among the 263 (41 %) patients with M0 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 202 patients (77 %) were considered operable and 157 (60 %) also had a tumour considered resectable. Upfront resection was recommended for 68 % and resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 32 % of these patients. Among operable patients with resectable tumour, 36 % underwent upfront R0 resection, and 15 % achieved R0 resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eventually, among M0 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, age over 80 years (OR≥80 years vs < 65 years: 0.16 [0.06-0.39], p < 0.001) and WHO performance status over 0 (OR1-2 vs 0: 0.43 [0.24-0.79], p = 0.013) decreased the odds of having resection. R0 surgical resection was achieved in 61 % of patients selected for upfront surgical recommendation, and 29 % of those selected for a prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion: In a non-selected population, one-third of patients with localized pancreatic cancer had a complete R0 surgical resection. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not achieve a resection rate similar to that of patients selected for upfront surgical indication
Highly sensitive ammonia sensors obtained by synergetic effects of polypyrrole and ionic liquid
No full textInternational audiencePolypyrrole (PPy) is a well-known conducting polymer with significant sensing capabilities for ammonia detection. In parallel, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been developed as an alternative to water to absorb ammonia. Convinced that a combination of PPy and IL will allow to increase the sensors’ sensibility, we developed in this study microconductometric ammonia sensors composed of PPy and ILs-functionalized PPy. These sensors were fabricated by electropolymerization on interdigitated electrodes. The resulting films incorporated various counterions, namely bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) and tetrafluoroborate (BF4-). Two series of sensors were prepared containing either pure PPy or copolymers functionalized with ILs. The sensing performances of these sensors towards ammonia were tested and compared. It is mesmerizing to realize that all the sensors containing ionic liquids demonstrated superior responses to NH3, experimentally detecting concentrations as low as 1 ppm under ambient conditions. Remarkably, the PPyIm-TFSI-based sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity and relative response of −4.72 %.ppm-1 and −65 %, respectively, with an impressive limit of detection of 63 ppb. Meanwhile, the PPyIm-BF4-based sensor displayed the fastest adsorption/desorption kinetics (t90) of 19 s/26 s, respectively. These characteristics makes these sensors some of the most effective organic chemoresistive sensors reported so far for real-environmental applications
A simple procedure to assess the reliability of the best estimate thresholds (BETs): A case study on the detection threshold of tannic acid astringency
No full textInternational audienceThere are several methods to measure detection thresholds, among which the ASTM E679-04 procedure is highly popular. However, two major biases are frequently cited regarding this method. The best estimate threshold (BET) derived from ASTM E679-04 can be biased by random correct answers during 3-AFC tests or inattention errors due to confusion or lack of experience with the stimulus or test procedures.This article aims to present a simple method that enables experimenters to identify subjects whose thresholds determined via the ASTM E679-04 procedure are potentially biased. The modification to the standard data collection procedure involves asking the subjects for each 3-AFC test to rate the intensity of the perceived sensation for the sample that is considered different from the other two samples.After the principle of the method has been presented, a case study is detailed. This case study concerns the measurement of the detection threshold of tannic acid astringency.The results show that the proposed method can identify subjects whose BET has been likely overestimated because of randomly correct answers in the 3-AFC tests. Additionally, it highlighted cases where the BET was underestimated, probably due to inattention errors. The proposed method appears particularly useful for selecting the most reliable data in studies that involve large numbers of subjects, especially in regard to establishing groups of subjects with contrasting sensitivities.This study involving 193 subjects also provides the opportunity to determine that the average detection threshold for tannic acid astringency in water was 0.12 g/L
La compatibilité des fonctions de Premier ministre démissionnaire et de parlementaire
No full textInternational audienceNote sous Conseil d'Etat, 18 octobre 2024, 496362 (sera publié au Lebon), Association de défense écologiste de la démocratie et des libertés et autres, Association de défense des libertes constitutionnelle
Imaging Techniques in Insects
No full textProtocol in book chapter.International audienceThe present chapter describes how to investigate brain lateralization in insects with methods of optical neuroimaging. It provides two complete protocols, one for in vivo imaging to obtain information on functional lateralization, and one for histochemical techniques to study morphological asymmetries. Both sections start with the animal preparation, illustrate the different possibilities for brain tissue labeling, and review the available imaging techniques, concentrating on widefield fluorescence microscopy, confocal, and two-photon laser scanning microscopy. After some remarks on the main methods for data analysis, studies on functional and morphological lateralization in insects are reviewed
Comment on “Self-Illuminating Nanoagonist Simultaneously Induces Dual Cell Death Pathways via Death Receptor Clustering for Cancer Therapy”
No full textInternational audienc
Pour une philosophie du duel en arabe
No full textInternational audienceتسعى هذه المقالة إلى تأسيس فلسفة عربيّة جديدة هي فلسفة المثنّى. ليس الهدف نحويّاً. فالدراسات النحويّة الخاصّة بالمثنّى كثيرة. بل هو فلسفي بحت يبدأ بتحديد هذه الفلسفة على أنّها تعيد النظر في الأصل، فتنقُله من المُفرد إلى المثنّى. هذه النقلة النوعيّة الجديدة، والتي لا يمكن حصولها إلّا في لغةٍ تقيم وتتبنّى المثنّى، أي اللغة العربيّة، تعطي الفكر الفلسفي انطلاقة مميَّزَة تفتح أبواباً عدّة، بعضها غير متوقَّع. فيتبيّن عندها أنّ المفرد والجمع يعودان إلى المثنّى. كذلك الزمان والمكان – والفارق والبُعد معهما – حيث لا يعلو أحدهما على الآخَر ولا ينفصلان. كما ويظهر المثنّى على أنّه إمكان الانفتاح على الآخَر. يظهر المثنّى أيضاً، من خلال التقسيم المتتابع الذي يتطلّبه، على أنّه يقود إلى عَهد يقوم فيه الإنسان في الزمان والمكان، لكي ينفتح على عهدٍ آخَر وعلى الآخَر عامّة في كلّ ما يحدّده ويحدّد انتماءاته المتنوّعة المتغايرة. ويظهر الإنسان نفسه، في صلب وجوده وتعرّفه على نفسه، كمثنّى، ويتأتّى عن ذلك تركيبة جديدة لتصّور الموت – الموت كوجود-نحو-الموت وكوجود-بعد-الموت، بل وموت في الحياة وما-بعد-الحياة هاهنا، مع ما يرافق ذلك من قلق وسرّ والحنين. ومع فلسفة المثنّى نتجاوز الأرخيّة، كما نبيّن ذلك من خلال تطبيق منهجها الجديد على فلسفة كانط، وبالتحديد على مقولات ملكة الفاهمة. تظهر عندها قدرة فلسفة المثنّى على استيعاب وتوضيح الفلسفات التي تدخل في كنفها. تنتهي المقالة مع دعوة إلى التوسّع بهذه الفلسفة، وتعد بدراساتٍ آتية تتناول جوانبها المختلفة.This article seeks to establish a new Arabic philosophy: the philosophy of the dual. The goal is not grammatical. There are many grammatical studies on the dual. Rather, it is purely philosophical, beginning with defining this philosophy by reconsidering the origin, moving it from the singular to the dual. This new qualitative shift, which can only happen in a language that values and adopts the dual, gives philosophical thought a distinctive start that opens many doors, some of which are unexpected. It then becomes clear that the singular and the plural must be referred back to the dual. So do time and place – and difference and distance along with them – where neither is superior to the other and they are not separated. The dual also appears, through the successive division it requires, as leading to a ‘ahd (event-epoch) in which man exists in a time and a place, in order to open up to another ‘ahd and to the Other in general in everything that defines such Other in his/her diverse and different affiliations. Man himself appears, in the core of his existence and his recognition of himself, as dual, and from this comes a new composition for the concept of death – death as being-towards-death and as being-after-death, and even death in this life and-after-this-life, with what accompanies such determination, i.e. forms of anxiety, mystery and longing. With the philosophy of the dual, we go beyond archè – any possible overarching principle – as we demonstrate by applying its new approach to Kant’s philosophy, specifically to the categories of the faculty of understanding. The article ends with a call to expand on this philosophy, and promises future studies that address its various aspects.Cet article vise à établir une nouvelle philosophie arabe : la philosophie du duel. L'objectif n'est pas grammatical, car il existe déjà de nombreuses études grammaticales sur le duel. Il s'agit plutôt d'une approche purement philosophique qui commence par définir cette philosophie en repensant l'origine, la déplaçant du singulier au duel. Ce changement qualitatif inédit, qui ne peut se produire que dans une langue qui valorise et adopte le duel, donne à la pensée philosophique un nouveau départ distinctif qui ouvre de nombreuses portes, dont certaines inattendues. Il devient alors évident que le singulier et le pluriel doivent être ramenés au duel. De même, le temps et l'espace – ainsi que la différence et la distance – sont conçus sans que l'un ne prédomine sur l'autre et sans qu'ils ne soient séparés. Le duel se présente également comme une possibilité d'ouverture à l'Autre. Puis l'homme apparaît alors comme un être duel, ce qui conduit à une nouvelle structure pour imaginer la mort, l'angoisse, le secret et la nostalgie. Avec la philosophie du duel, nous dépassons l'archè, comme nous le démontrerons en appliquant cette nouvelle approche à la philosophie de Kant, en particulier à ses catégories de l’entendement. L'article se termine par un appel à élargir cette philosophie, promettant des études à venir qui traiteront de ses divers aspects.
La-Archia : vers un nouveau concept en arabe.
No full textInternational audienceتستكشف هذه الدِّراسة مفهوم «الأرخيّة» وضرورة استخدامه، من الآن فصاعدًا، في الفلسفة العربيَّة من خلال تحليل أصول الكلمة اليونانيَّة «ἀρχή» واستخداماتها الشَّائعة في التَّرجمة. يجادل الكاتب بأنَّ التَّعريفات الحاليَّة للأرخيَّة لا تنقل كامل دلالاتها، ويقترح العودة إلى أصل المصطلح اليونانيّ لفهم أعمق. ويُقدِّم الكاتب تعريفًا جديدًا للأرخيَّة كمبدأ أساسيّ يكوِّن الواقع ويمنحه بنيته. وأخيرًا، يسلِّط الضَّوء على أهمِّيَّة هذا التَّعريف الجديد لفهم أبعاد الأرخيَّة وتأثيراتها في الفكر المعاصر بكلِّ أبعاده.This study explores the concept of “archè” and the need to translate it as “arkhiyya” in Arabic philosophy, by analyzing the origins of the Greek word “ἀρχή” and its common usages in translations. The author argues that current definitions of archè do not fully capture its connotations. He suggests a return to the origin of the Greek term for a deeper understanding. The author proposes a new definition of archè as a fundamental principle that shapes reality and gives it structure. Finally, the author emphasizes the importance of this new definition for understanding the dimensions of arkhiyya and its effects on all areas of contemporary thought.Cette étude explore le concept d’« archè » et la nécessité de le traduire par « arkhiyya » en philosophie arabe, en analysant les origines du mot grec « ἀρχή » et ses usages courants dans les traductions. L’auteur soutient que les définitions actuelles de l’archè ne rendent pas pleinement compte de ses connotations. Il suggère un retour à l’origine du terme grec pour une compréhension plus profonde. L’auteur propose une nouvelle définition de l’archè en tant que principe fondamental qui façonne la réalité et lui donne structure. Enfin, l’auteur souligne l’importance de cette nouvelle définition pour comprendre les dimensions de l’arkhiyya et ses effets sur tous les domaines de la pensée contemporaine