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Cringe
No full textEncyclopeedia entry about the word "cringe" and what it refers to, in both the English- and French-speaking worlds, as a concept and as a form of humor, across traditional media, the Web, and contemporary everyday life.Notice consacrée au mot « cringe » et à ce qu’il désigne, dans le monde anglophone et francophone, en tant que notion et genre d’humour, dans les médias traditionnels, sur le Web, et dans la vie quotidienne contemporaine
Cryptosporidium, un pathogène HPE (Haut Potentiel Epidémique) : Retour sur les épidémies investiguées par le CNR des Cryptosporidioses, Microsporidies et Autres Protozooses digestives depuis 2018.
No full textInternational audienc
Quiver superconformal index and giant gravitons: asymptotics and expansions
No full textInternational audienceWe study asymptotics of the , superconformal index for toric quiver gauge theories. Using graph-theoretic and algebraic factorization techniques, we obtain a cycle expansion for the large- index in terms of the -charge-weighted adjacency matrix. Applying saddle-point techniques at the on-shell -charges, we determine the asymptotic degeneracy in the univariate specialization for , and along the main diagonal for the bivariate index for and . In these cases we find (Hardy-Ramanujan type). We also identify polynomial growth for , and , and give numerical evidence for in further examples. Finally, we generalize Murthy's giant graviton expansion via the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation and Borodin-Okounkov formula to multi-matrix models relevant for quivers
Hypertranscendence and linear difference equations, the exponential case
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper we study meromorphic solutions of linear shift difference equations with coefficients in C(x) involving the operator ρ : y(x) → y(x + h), for some h ∈ C * . We prove that if f is a solution of an algebraic differential equation, then f belongs to a ring that is generated by periodic functions and exponentials. Our proof is based on the parametrized difference Galois theory initiated by Hardouin and Singer
Asymptotics of self-overlapping permutations
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, we study the concept of self-overlapping permutations, which is related to the larger study of consecutive patterns in permutations. We show that this concept admits a simple and clear geometrical meaning, and prove that a permutation can be represented as a sequence of non-self-overlapping ones. The above structural decomposition allows us to obtain equations for the corresponding generating functions, as well as the complete asymptotic expansions for the probability that a large random permutation is (non-)self-overlapping. In particular, we show that almost all permutations are non-self-overlapping, and that the corresponding asymptotic expansion has the self-reference property: the involved coefficients count non-self-overlapping permutations once again. We also establish complete asymptotic expansions of the distributions of very tight non-self-overlapping patterns, and discuss the similarities of the non-self-overlapping permutations to other permutation building blocks, such as indecomposable and simple permutations, as well as their associated asymptotics
The Cyclic and Modular Microcosm Principle in Quantum Topology
No full text29 pages, 4 figure, some diagramsInternational audienceMonoidal categories with additional structure such as a braiding or some form of duality abound in quantum topology. They often appear in tandem with Frobenius algebras inside them. Motivations for this range from the theory of module categories to the construction of correlators in conformal field theory. We generalize the Baez-Dolan microcosm principle to consistently describe all these types of algebras by extending it to cyclic and modular algebras in the sense of Getzler-Kapranov. Our main result links the microcosm principle for cyclic algebras to the one for modular algebras via Costello's modular envelope. The result can be understood as a local-to-global construction for various flavors of Frobenius algebras that substantially generalizes and unifies the available, and often intrinsically semisimple methods using for example triangulations, state-sum constructions or skein theory. Several applications of the main result in conformal field theory are presented: We classify consistent systems of correlators for open conformal field theories and show that the genus zero correlators for logarithmic conformal field theories constructed by Fuchs-Schweigert can be uniquely extended to handlebodies. This establishes a very general correspondence between full genus zero conformal field theory in dimension two and skein theory in dimension three
Comparison of subconjunctival TRIamcinolone acetonide injection and intravitreal dexamethasone (OZurdex) injection for uveitic and postoperative macular oedema: the TRIOZ study
No full textCorrespondence to Dr Pierre-Antoine Quintart; [email protected] audienceAims To compare effectiveness of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injections and intravitreal injections of dexamethasone 700 µg implants in reducing central macular thickness (CMT) in uveitic and postoperative macular oedema (ME). Methods We conducted an open-label, French multicentre randomised comparative trial with a logarithmic CMT non-inferiority margin set at 0.06. Patients were adults with non-infectious inflammatory ME, without any contraindication to the treatments. They were randomised 1:1 to receive either triamcinolone or dexamethasone. The primary endpoint was the difference in CMT among treated eyes between baseline and 2 months, measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Secondary outcomes included visual acuity, laser flare, vitreous haze, duration of action, tolerance to injections and adverse events. Results Between January 2016 and January 2020, 106 patients were enrolled (54 in the triamcinolone group and 52 in the dexamethasone group). Subconjunctival triamcinolone injections seemed to be non-inferior to intravitreal dexamethasone injections, especially at month 3 (and nearly at month 1). Nevertheless, we could not demonstrate it, with a treatment effect at month 2 of 0.05 (0.01 ; 0.09) (p value=0.001). This was corroborated by post hoc analyses in the postoperative subgroup, for whom the non-inferiority was nearly demonstrated at month 2 with a treatment effect of 0.02 (−0.03 ; 0.08) (p=0.37). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse effects. Conclusion We could not demonstrate the non-inferiority of triamcinolone injections at month 2. Nevertheless, they showed some efficacity, particularly in treating postoperative ME, being as safe as dexamethasone injections, without any loss of chance if a therapeutic switch is necessary
Revealing mental representations of arithmetic word problems through false memories: New insights into semantic congruence.
No full textInternational audienceWhat can false memories tell us about the structure of mental representations of arithmetic word problems? The semantic congruence model describes the central role of world semantics in the encoding, recoding, and solving of these problems. We propose to use memory tasks to evaluate key predictions of the semantic congruence model regarding the representations constructed when solving arithmetic word problems. We designed isomorphic word problems differing only by the world semantics imbued in their problem statement. Half the problems featured quantities (durations, heights, elevator floors) promoting an ordinal encoding, and the other half used quantities (weights, prices, collections) promoting a cardinal encoding. Across three experiments, in French and in English, we used surprise memory tasks to investigate adults’ mental representations when solving the problems. After the first solving task, the participants were given an unexpected task: either to recall the problems (Experiments 1 and 2) or to identify, from memory, the experimenter-induced changes in target problem sentences (Experiment 3). Crucially, all problems includeda specific mathematical relationship that was not explicit in the problem statement and that could only be inferred from an ordinal encoding. We used the presence or absence of this relationship in the participants’ responses to infer the structure of their representations. Converging results from all three experiments bring new evidence of the role of semantic congruence in arithmetic reasoning, new insights into the relevance of the cardinal–ordinal distinction in numerical cognition, and a new perspective on the use of memory tasks to investigate variations in the representations of mathematical word problems
Solitons and coherent structures in optics: 50th anniversary of the prediction of optical solitons in fiber
No full textInternational audienceNonlinear optics is a continuously expanding field due to its wide range of applications covering temporal, spectral, polarization or spatial features of the light signals. 2023 was the celebration of 50 years since the numerical prediction of the existence of solitons in optical fiber by Hasegawa and Tappert and, to celebrate this milestone, Optics Communications invited submissions related to nonlinear coherent structures in optical waveguides involving the Kerr nonlinearity. The purpose of this Special Issue was to provide an overview of recent ongoing progress and trends in advancing the knowledge, understanding, and novel applications of optical solitons and other related nonlinear structures. Both theoretical and experimental reports or discussions were welcomed