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Bachelardismes et anti-bachelardismes: Controverses épistémologiques des années 1960
No full textInternational audienceSince the 1960s, Gaston Bachelard's epistemology has been the subject of multiple receptions and critiques. It is time to question them, particularly in the fields of the history and philosophy of science and technology, Marxism, sociology and studies of the imaginary.Depuis les années 1960, l’épistémologie de Gaston Bachelard a fait l’objet de réceptions plurielles et de critiques. Il s'agit de les interroger, notamment dans le domaine de l’histoire et la philosophie des sciences et des techniques, du marxisme, de la sociologie et des études de l’imaginaire
Screening for Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease–Related Advanced Fibrosis in Diabetology: A Prospective Multicenter Study
No full textInternational audienceOBJECTIVE Screening for advanced fibrosis (AF) resulting from metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is recommended in diabetology. This study aimed to compare the performance of noninvasive tests (NITs) with that of two-step algorithms for detecting patients at high risk of AF requiring referral to hepatologists. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a planned interim analysis of a prospective multicenter study including participants with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity and MASLD with comprehensive liver assessment comprising blood-based NITs, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), and two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE). AF risk stratification was determined by a composite criterion of liver biopsy, magnetic resonance elastography, or VCTE ≥12 kPa depending on availability. RESULTS Of 654 patients (87% with type 2 diabetes, 56% male, 74% with obesity), 17.6% had an intermediate/high risk of AF, and 9.3% had a high risk of AF. The area under the empirical receiver operating characteristic curves of NITs for detection of high risk of AF were as follows: Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, 0.78 (95% CI 0.72–0.84); FibroMeter, 0.74 (0.66–0.83); Fibrotest, 0.78 (0.72–0.85); Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test, 0.82 (0.76–0.87); and SWE, 0.84 (0.78–0.89). Algorithms with FIB-4 score/VCTE showed good diagnostic performance for referral of patients at intermediate/high risk of AF to specialized care in hepatology. An alternative FIB-4 score/ELF test strategy showed a high negative predictive value (NPV; 88–89%) and a lower positive predictive value (PPV; 39–46%) at a threshold of 9.8. The FIB-4 score/2D-SWE strategy had an NPV of 91% and a PPV of 58–62%. The age-adapted FIB-4 score threshold resulted in lower NPVs and PPVs in all algorithms. CONCLUSIONS The FIB-4 score/VCTE algorithm showed excellent diagnostic performance, demonstrating its applicability for routine screening in diabetology. The ELF test using an adapted low threshold at 9.8 may be used as an alternative to VCTE
Steam Vein Sclerosis for Nonsaphenous varicose veins.
No full textInternational audienceThe treatment of nonsaphenous varicose veins (NSVV), including incompetent perforating veins (IPV) and recurrent varicose veins (RVV), remains challenging for many reasons, including vein tortuosity, deep location and short vein to be treated. Data and recommendations are lacking. Steam vein sclerosis (SVS) is an endothermal therapy that has been used in the treatment of incompetent saphenous veins, achieving occlusion rates similar to other thermal ablation techniques with good patient tolerance and minimal postoperative pain. We report here the results of a cohort of SVS used to treat NSVV, including RVV and IPV
High-sensitivity Polymer-based Bimodal Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensors with Polymer Cladding
No full textInternational audiencePlasmonic refractive index sensors are essential for detecting subtle variations in the ambient environment through surface plasmon interactions. Current efforts utilizing CMOS-compatible, plasmo-photonic Mach-Zehnder interferometers with active power balancing exhibit high sensitivities at the cost of fabrication and measurement complexity. Alternatively, passive bimodal plasmonic interferometers based on SU-8 waveguides present a cost-effective solution with a smaller device footprint, though they currently lack opto-mechanical isolation due to exposed photonic waveguides. In this work, we introduce innovative polymer-core and polymer-cladded bimodal plasmonic refractive index sensors with high refractive index contrast. Our sensors feature an aluminum stripe, a bilayer SU-8 photonic waveguide core, and the experimental optical cladding polymer SX AR LWL 2.0. They achieve a sensitivity of (6300 ± 460) nm/RIU (refractive index unit), surpassing both traditional and polymer-based plasmo-photonic sensors. This approach enables integrated, wafer-scale, CMOS-compatible, and low-cost sensors and facilitates plasmonic refractive index sensing platforms for various applications
A Problem-Driven Approach to XR in Education: Teaching Non-Euclidean Geometries through Virtual Reality
No full textInternational audienceImmersive technologies are increasingly used in education, offering unique benefits in fields like mathematics that require spatial understanding. These tools enable learners to interact with virtual environments, providing hands-on experiences that enhance comprehension and retention of abstract concepts. This is particularly valuable in areas like non-Euclidean geometries, which are difficult to visualize using traditional methods. This paper explores our research on using virtual reality to teach non-Euclidean geometries, highlighting both the benefits and challenges
Igor Stravinski, Symphonie de Psaumes (1930):: Une exploration de l’interdépendance entre la partition et ses interprétations musicales
No full textInternational audienceCette communication porte sur les travaux du projet "Logiques internes : approches comparatistes et génétiques de l’interprétation", porté par l'équipe 3.1. Le projet s’est donné pour objectif d’explorer les liens bidirectionnels possibles entre, d’une part, l’analyse de l’interprétation et, de l’autre, l’organisation structurelle des répertoires. Par conséquent – et en l’absence de paradigmes établis afin d’étudier cette interaction complexe – une part importante de la recherche s’est focalisée sur la conception, l’adaptation et l’application de méthodologies susceptibles de mettre en lumière l’interdépendance dans le processus sémiotique entre la partition et ses interprétations musicales. L’objectif de recherche a nécessité une approche pluridisciplinaire forte impliquant la musicologie (génétique, analytique, sémiotique et de la performance), les sciences neurocognitives (théories des émotions musicales) et l’ingénierie informatique (utilisation de paradigmes symbolique pour l’étude de la partition et sous-symbolique pour l’analyse des enregistrements audio). C’est donc toute l’originalité de ce projet de recherche que de mettre des forces et des approches méthodologiques complémentaires au service de la compréhension d’une œuvre majeure du XXe siècle et de son interprétation : la Symphonie de Psaumes d’Igor Stravinski
Solutions to the Gardner equation of order N depending on 2N real parameters
No full textN -order solutions to the Gardner (G) equation are given in terms of wronskians of order N . These solutions depend on 2N real parameters. We deduce for each positive integer N rational solutions in x and t depending on 2N real parameters. Explicit expressions of these rational are constructed for the first orders
¿Todo atado y bien atado?: el fallecimiento de Franco en la prensa francesa
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Unlocking Probiotic Potential: Physicochemical Approaches to Evaluate Probiotic Bacterial Adhesion Potential to the Intestinal Tract
No full textInternational audienceBacterial adhesion in the gut is critical to evaluate their effectiveness as probiotics. Understanding the bacterial adhesion within the complex gut environment is challenging. This study explores the adhesion mechanisms and the adhesion potential of five selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Faecalibacterium duncaniae, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis) at the initial stages when bacterial cells arriving in the gut, using different physicochemical approaches. Bacterial morphology, rheology, and surface properties were evaluated. Surprisingly, previous methods such as bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon and the interfacial tension between bacterial suspensions and mineral oil did not fully capture the bacterial adhesion to intestinal mucus. Consequently, this study introduced a novel approach to assess bacterial adhesion to mucus, based on contact angle measurements, calculation of surface tension, and work of adhesion. Interestingly, both small and large intestinal mucus are rather hydrophilic, and thus highly hydrophilic bacteria such as E. coli and B. infantis tend to adhere better. Additionally, a multicriteria evaluation of bacterial adhesion to the gut, from the bulk liquid transport stage until the irreversible adhesion, was proposed. E. coli and B. infantis demonstrated the highest overall adhesion potential in the intestinal tract, followed by Lpb. plantarum, B. longum, and F. duncaniae, respectively. This work contributed original physicochemical approaches to comprehensively examine bacterial adhesion in the gut