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Le vit et la couille - Édition, traduction et notes d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 837
No full textÉdition, traduction et notes du "Vit et la couille" d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 83
Cytokine Hemoadsorption versus Standard Care in Cardiac Surgery Using the Oxiris® Membrane: the OXICARD single center randomized trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Cardiac surgery can lead to dysregulation with a pro-inflammatory state, resulting in adverse outcomes. Hemadsorption using the AN69 membrane (Oxiris membrane) has the properties to chelate inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that in patients at high risk of inflammation, the use of the Oxiris membrane could decrease inflammation, preserve endothelial function, and improve postoperative outcomes. Methods: We conducted a randomized single-center study at Amiens University Hospital. The study population consisted of adult patients admitted for scheduled cardiac surgery with an expected cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time over 90 minutes. The patients were allocated to either the standard group or the Oxiris group. The intervention consisted of using the Oxiris membrane on a Prismaflex device at a blood flow rate of 450 ml/min during CPB. The primary outcome was the assessment of microcirculation on day 1 after surgery by measuring sublingual microcirculation using the microvascular flow index (MFI). MFI reflects the microcirculation flow type and is graded from 0 to 3 as follows: 0: no flow; 1: intermittent flow; 2: sluggish flow; 3: continuous flow. The secondary outcome was a composite adverse outcome within 30 days after surgery. Cytokines and endothelial biomarkers were measured in all patients at different time points. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results: From October 2019 to November 2022, we included 70 patients. Two patients were excluded from the Oxiris group: one patient did not undergo surgery and one procedure was performed under deep hypothermia. The MFI did not differ between groups on day 1 from baseline: difference Oxiris-standard at -0.17 [-0.44; 0.10]; P =0.2. The occurrence of a composite adverse outcome did not significantly differ between groups (14 [42%] for the Oxiris group vs 12 [35%] for the standard group; P=0.7). The overall variation in cytokines and angiopoietins did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusions: In patients scheduled for a cardiac surgery with prolonged CPB, we could not demonstrate the benefit on microcirculation and major cardiovascular events. Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04201119. Identifier: NCT0420111
Oleanane glycosides from a Lebanese edible plant: <i>Gundelia tournefortii</i> L. (Asteraceae)
No full textInternational audienceFrom the leaves and the roots of Gundelia tournefortii L. (Asteraceae), an edible plant collected in Lebanon, ten oleanane-type glycosides were extracted, purified by various chromatographic methods, and identified by spectroscopic analysis as eight previously undescribed saponins 1–5 and 7–9 and two known ones 6 and 10. Their aglycons possess unusual, oxygenated skeletons in position 29 or 30. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic analysis mainly 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC, HMBC) and mass spectrometry. Some selected saponins were tested for their stimulating activity on the sweet taste receptor
Continuous conversion of tall oil over Ni-Cu/SAPO-11 to a sustainable aviation fuel blendstock with excellent seal swelling properties
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Joint inference of the Milky Way’s star formation history and initial mass function from <i>Gaia</i> all-sky <i>G</i> < 13 data
No full textInternational audienceContext. Despite the fundamental importance of the star formation history (SFH) and the initial mass function (IMF) in the description of the Milky Way, their consistent and robust derivation is still elusive. Recent and accurate astrometry and photometry collected by the Gaia satellite provide the natural framework to consolidate these ingredients in our local Galactic environment. Aims. We aim to simultaneously infer the IMF and the SFH of the Galactic disc by comparing Gaia data with the mock catalogue resulting from the Besançon population synthesis model (BGM). Our goal is also to estimate the impact of the systematics present in current stellar evolutionary models (SEMs) on this inference. Methods. We used a new implementation of the BGM fast approximate simulations (BGM FASt) framework to fit the seven-millionstar Gaia DR3 all-sky G < 13 colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) to the most up-to-date dynamically self-consistent BGM. Results. Our derived SFH supports an abrupt decrease in star formation approximately 1-1.5 Gyr ago followed by a significant enhancement with a wide plateau in the range of 2-6 Gyr ago. A remarkable hiatus appears around 5-7 Gyr ago, with a ∼1 Gyr shift depending on the set of stellar models. A complex evolution at ages older than 8 Gyr deserves further investigation. Precise but discrepant values using different SEMs are found for the power-law indices of the IMF. In our fiducial execution with PARSEC SEM, the slope takes a value of α 2 = 1.45 +0.19 -0.12 for the range [0.5-1.53] M ⊙ , while for masses larger than 1.53 M ⊙ we obtain α 3 = 1.98 +0.13 -0.05 . Using STAREVOL SEM, the inferred values are α 2 = 2.48 +0.09 -0.11 and α 3 = 1.64 +0.15 -0.02 . We find the solution with PARSEC to have a significantly higher likelihood than that obtained with STAREVOL. Conclusions. The current implementation of the BGM FASt framework is ready to address executions fitting all-sky Gaia data up to an apparent limiting magnitude of 14-17. This will naturally allow us to derive both a reliable SFH for the early epochs of the Galactic disc evolution and a precise slope for the IMF at low masses.</div
A social network analysis of the European science–policy–society interface on biodiversity
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Despite the wealth of evidence on biodiversity status, trends, and policy options in Europe, knowledge often fails to inform policy makers and decision makers effectively. Implementing the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 will require the transformation of engagement and exchange between knowledge providers and policy and decision makers. This is one of the main goals of the forthcoming EU Science Service for Biodiversity. We sought to support this endeavor by mapping the landscape of actors at the biodiversity science–policy–society interface. We first compiled an extensive database of actors ( n = 215) by combining existing databases, searching the web, and consulting experts. We then interviewed representatives of key organizations ( n = 28) to elicit data about their network of relations with other organizations. Additional qualitative data were elicited from a subset of organizations ( n = 17/28) focusing on the roles of different actors in knowledge cocreation and their potential contribution to the functioning of the Science Service for Biodiversity. The social network analysis mapped the interactions (and lack thereof) between 101 organized actors. Central to the network were EU organizations, other international and intergovernmental organizations, and one well‐known public interest group. A more varied mix of organizations had the potential to act as bridges between unconnected actors, including private sector organizations, organizations dedicated to the management of ecological units, and science‐based networks. The social network analysis also revealed 4 thematic communities emerging from the interactions among actors: biodiversity knowledge for EU policy‐making; land ownership and management in agriculture and forestry; natural capital and sustainable development; and nature conservation and participation. Consistent with the results of the social network analysis, the qualitative data suggested that nonpolicy and nonscience actors have an important role to play in the dialogue and knowledge cocreation for biodiversity conservation and restoration. To strengthen the European science–policy–society interface on biodiversity, we recommend addressing gaps in themes and actor types, fostering cross‐community dialogue, and supporting the further development of the network in terms of participants and potential intermediaries.Análisis de una red social de la interfaz europea ciencia‐política‐sociedad sobre biodiversidad Resumen A pesar de la abundancia de datos sobre el estado de la biodiversidad y las tendencias y opciones políticas en Europa, a menudo el conocimiento no informa eficazmente a los políticos y a los responsables de la toma de decisiones. La aplicación de la Estrategia de la UE sobre Biodiversidad para 2030 exigirá la transformación del compromiso y el intercambio entre los proveedores de conocimientos y los responsables políticos y de la toma de decisiones. Este es uno de los principales objetivos del futuro Servicio Científico de la UE para la Biodiversidad. Nuestro objetivo era apoyar este esfuerzo trazando el panorama de los actores en la interfaz ciencia‐política‐sociedad de la biodiversidad. Entrevistamos a representantes de organizaciones clave ( n = 28) para obtener datos sobre su red de relaciones con otras organizaciones. Se obtuvieron datos cualitativos adicionales de un subconjunto de organizaciones ( n = 17/28) y se centraron en las funciones de los distintos agentes en la co‐creación de conocimientos y su posible contribución al funcionamiento del Servicio Científico para la Biodiversidad ( n = 17/28). También elaboramos una base de datos más amplia de agentes ( n = 215) que combinó las bases de datos existentes con búsquedas en internet, consultas a expertos y entrevistas. El análisis de la red social mapeó las interacciones (y la falta de ellas) entre 101 actores organizados. En el centro de la red se ubicaron organizaciones de la UE y otras organizaciones intergubernamentales, así como un conocido grupo de interés público. Una mezcla más variada de organizaciones tendría el potencial de actuar como puentes entre actores desconectados, incluidas organizaciones del sector privado, organizaciones dedicadas a la gestión de unidades ecológicas y redes de base científica. El análisis de las redes sociales también reveló cuatro comunidades temáticas surgidas de las interacciones entre los actores: conocimientos sobre biodiversidad para la elaboración de políticas de la UE; propiedad y gestión de la tierra en la agricultura y la silvicultura; capital natural y desarrollo sostenible; conservación de la naturaleza y participación. En consonancia con los resultados del análisis de redes sociales, los datos cualitativos sugirieron que los agentes no políticos y no científicos tienen un papel importante que desempeñar en el diálogo y la co‐creación de conocimientos para la conservación y restauración de la biodiversidad. Para reforzar la interfaz ciencia‐política‐sociedad europea en materia de biodiversidad, recomendamos abordar las lagunas en temas o tipos de actores, fomentar el diálogo intercomunitario y apoyar un mayor desarrollo de la red en términos de participantes e intermediarios potenciales
SLOW-FAST SYSTEM IN ROSALES-MAJDA COMBUSTION MODEL WITH FRACTIONAL ORDER KINETICS
No full textWe consider traveling wave solutions of a one-dimensional model for detonation waves derived by Rosales and Majda, when the reaction order α belongs to [0, 1). The chemical kinetics is a simplified Arrhenius law or a Heaviside function. The model in the reaction zone is a slow-fast dynamical system for a vector representing temperature and mass fraction, which depends on the velocity c and small viscosity β. Our goal in this paper is to study the bifurcation diagram in the (β, c) parameter space and identify the nature of the trajectories corresponding to viscous shock waves. The demonstrations are based on a variety of techniques including the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem and the Fenichel theory. Theoretical results are confirmed by numerical computations
A postzygotic GNA13 variant upregulates the RHOA/ROCK pathway and alters melanocyte function in a mosaic skin hypopigmentation syndrome
No full textInternational audienceThe genetic bases of mosaic pigmentation disorders have increasingly been identified, but these conditions remain poorly characterised, and their pathophysiology is unclear. Here, we report in four unrelated patients that a recurrent postzygotic mutation in GNA13 is responsible for a recognizable syndrome with hypomelanosis of Ito associated with developmental anomalies. GNA13 encodes Gα 13 , a subunit of αβγ heterotrimeric G proteins coupled to specific transmembrane receptors known as G-protein coupled receptors. In-depth functional investigations revealed that this R200K mutation provides a gain of function to Gα 13 . Mechanistically, we show that this variant hyperactivates the RHOA/ROCK signalling pathway that consequently increases actin polymerisation and myosin light chains phosphorylation, and promotes melanocytes rounding. Our results also indicate that R200K Gα 13 hyperactivates the YAP signalling pathway. All these changes appear to affect cell migration and adhesion but not the proliferation. Our results suggest that hypopigmentation can result from a defect in melanosome transfer to keratinocytes due to cell shape alterations. These findings highlight the interaction between heterotrimeric G proteins and the RHOA pathway, and their role in melanocyte function
Les protéines végétales: un nouvel eldorado?
No full textEngineering schoolCe cours de 2h est adressé au public étudiant et professionnel intéressé par la question de la végétalisation de l'alimentation. Il s'inscrit dans un module d'enseignement sur la techno-fonctionnalité des protéines alimentaires et vise à interroger les opportunités mais aussi les verrous de cette nouvelle stratégie d'innovation