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Préférences des consommateurs pour l'huile de caméline : impact des perceptions sensorielles et de la divulgation d'informations sur l'acceptation d'une huile peu connue issue d'une culture mineure
No full textInternational audienceThis study aims to assess how French consumers evaluate the traditional but unfamiliar camelina oil, focusing on liking scores and willingness to pay (WTP) through sensory perception and information disclosure. In a controlled lab experiment (n = 132, Dijon, France), participants first blind-tasted camelina oil, with half of them evaluating extra virgin olive oil under similar conditions for comparison. After this blind step, stepwise information disclosure on product identity, health and environmental benefits, and possible gene-editing (GE) improvements was proposed.First, the blind tasting showed that 35 % of consumers disliked the camelina oil, while 45 % liked it. The correlations between liking scores and WTP are positive but relatively weak, particularly for the camelina oil, which had been previously seen in stores by only 12 % of participants.Second, information disclosure had a significant impact on WTP. (1) The identification of organic camelina oil led to a significant increase in WTP, while a similar disclosure for extra virgin olive oil had no effect. Additional messages about (2) the benefits of the camelina oil for human health and the environment led to significant increases in WTP. Conversely, (3) GE information reduced WTP for 46.2 % of participants, despite being framed with positive outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of targeted messages in promoting novel, sustainable food products and underline the need to address consumer concerns regarding biotechnology.Cette étude vise à évaluer la manière dont les consommateurs français apprécient l'huile de caméline, un produit traditionnel mais peu connu, en se concentrant sur les notes d'appréciation et la disposition à payer (WTP) à travers la perception sensorielle et la divulgation d'informations. Dans le cadre d'une expérience contrôlée en laboratoire (n = 132, Dijon, France), les participants ont d'abord goûté à l'aveugle de l'huile de caméline, la moitié d'entre eux évaluant également de l'huile d'olive extra vierge dans des conditions similaires à des fins de comparaison. Après cette étape à l'aveugle, des informations ont été progressivement divulguées sur l'identité du produit, ses bienfaits pour la santé et l'environnement, ainsi que les améliorations possibles grâce à l'édition génétique (GE). Tout d'abord, la dégustation à l'aveugle a montré que 35 % des consommateurs n'aimaient pas l'huile de caméline, tandis que 45 % l'appréciaient. Les corrélations entre les notes d'appréciation et la WTP sont positives mais relativement faibles, en particulier pour l'huile de caméline, que seuls 12 % des participants avaient déjà vue en magasin. Ensuite, la divulgation d'informations a eu un impact significatif sur la WTP. (1) L'identification de l'huile de caméline biologique a entraîné une augmentation significative de la WTP, tandis qu'une divulgation similaire pour l'huile d'olive extra vierge n'a eu aucun effet. Des messages supplémentaires sur (2) les bienfaits de l'huile de caméline pour la santé humaine et l'environnement ont entraîné une augmentation significative de la WTP. À l'inverse, (3) les informations sur la GE ont réduit la WTP pour 46,2 % des participants, bien qu'elles aient été présentées sous un angle positif. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance des messages ciblés dans la promotion de produits alimentaires novateurs et durables, et mettent en évidence la nécessité de répondre aux préoccupations des consommateurs concernant les biotechnologies
Gauge origami and quiver W-algebras IV: Pandharipande--Thomas -characters
No full textInternational audienceWe develop a contour integral formalism for computing the K-theoretic equivariant 3-vertex. Within the Jeffrey--Kirwan (JK) residue framework, we show that, by an appropriate choice of the reference vector, both the equivariant Donaldson--Thomas (DT) and Pandharipande--Thomas (PT) 3-vertices can be extracted from the same integrand. We analyze three distinct limits of the PT 3-vertex, recovering the unrefined topological vertex, the refined topological vertex, and the Macdonald refined topological vertex. Higher-rank extensions of PT counting and the DT/PT correspondence are also explored. From a quantum algebraic perspective, we construct an operator version of the equivariant PT 3-vertex and term it the Pandharipande--Thomas -character. We then discuss its connection with the quantum toroidal
Classes sociales et colonisation en Sicile archaïque à la lumière de Monte San Mauro di Caltagirone
No full textInternational audienc
Beyond relighting: RTI for clustering fragmented heritage textiles using deep learning
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This paper introduces a computational framework for clustering and visualizing textile fragment relationships using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). Our approach leverages deep learning models and utilizes the Hemispherical Harmonics (HSH) to extract discriminative features. The RTI data is first modeled using HSH before feature extraction by the deep feature extractor. The feature vectors are visualized through dimensionality reduction techniques, which help reveal the relationship between fragments by clustering them. We tested the proposed framework on the Oseberg textile collection (an open archeological artifact assembly problem) and a control dataset of Polish Dragoons textiles, demonstrating that the algorithm achieves good intra-class similarity and inter-class separation, distinguishing different textiles. RTI-based framework achieves higher clustering and dimensionality reduction evaluation scores between related fragments than RGB photography. The results confirm RTI’s potential as a data-rich, non-destructive imaging technique for supporting archeological reconstruction
Characterization and transcriptome analysis of mercury-resistant Pseudomonas canadensis isolated from a chlor-alkali contaminated soil revealed mer-independent detoxification pathways
No full textInternational audienceHuman activities have caused severe soil pollution through the discharge of pollutants, reshaping microbial communities. Among soil microbiota, the genus Pseudomonas exhibited remarkable tolerance to multiple contaminants, including mercury (Hg). This study compared the Hg resistance mechanisms of two Pseudomonas canadensis strains isolated from contrasting environments: a resistant isolate from the rhizosphere of Hgcontaminated soil and a control strain from unpolluted soil. The strain originating from a Hg-enriched soil showed significant biovolatilisation capacity and 20-fold higher Hg resistance compared to the strain isolated from an unpolluted environment. Biomass and necromass responses indicated that the control strain primarily relied on passive resistance, while the resistant strain exhibited active detoxification. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a rapid upregulation of genes associated with metal detoxification and efflux pathways in the resistant strain, independently of the mer operon, suggesting alternative resistance mechanisms. In contrast, the control strain exhibited transcriptional signatures of cellular stress, with increased thiol metabolism, DNA repair, and oxidative stress responses. These findings demonstrate that long-term Hg exposure selects for functional adaptations that sustain resistance in microbial populations. This work sheds new lights on Hg tolerance in P. canadensis and highlights the potential of naturally adapted strains for bioremediation strategies.</div
Receptiveness of the wine industry to fungus-resistant grape varieties in the south of France
No full textInternational audienceThe adoption of fungus-resistant grape varieties (FRGs) represents a promising pathway for steering viticulture towards more sustainable production methods by reducing the use of phytosanitary inputs. At the time of writing, the dissemination of these varieties remains limited, partly due to constraints within the wine industry (i.e., cost of planting and cultivar limitations associated with Protected Designation of Origin).This study was conducted with commercial wines made from two types of grape: Vitis vinifera and FRGs. A panel of 96 participants from the wine industry in the Occitanie region (south of France) conducted sensory evaluations. The panel performed the evaluations both blind and having been informed about type of grape in a combination of short CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) sessions followed by questions exploring their interest in FRGs and expected plantations in the coming years.The results of the sensory analyses underlined the absence of any notable difference in liking or in the sensory profiles of the wines, whether tasted blind or not. Indeed, disclosure of the type of grape used to make the wines did not alter participants’ perceptions or evaluations. Furthermore, the analysis of questionnaire data revealed a typology of three adopter profiles: i) “sceptics”: older professionals from private wineries who were generally unfavourable towards the adoption of FRGs, ii) “receptives”: cooperative members who showed measured support for innovation, and iii) “observers”: young, non-decision-making individuals with heterogeneous opinions. This industry panel predicted that there could be 25 % of vineyard areas planted with FRGs in Occitanie within the coming 30 years.This study offers insights into the future adoption of this new plant material within the wine industry
Peaks Over Threshold in scale-free random graphs
No full textWe explore extreme value phenomena in spatial {scale-free} random graphs in a continuum setting based on a homogeneous Poisson point process in \RR^d.Vertices carry i.i.d.\ weights and, conditionally on the vertex set and the weights, edges are present independently with probability.Assuming Pareto-type weight tails with index \beta>0 and working in parameter ranges where degrees are almost surely finite, we study extremes and peaks over thresholds (POT) of edge lengths in a growing observation window. Our focus is the precise impact of the presence of (large) weights on edge lengths, captured through explicit scaling regimes and conditional POT limit theorems. Our main results identify a three-phase behavior governed by the weight-tail parameter .We both deduce Fr\'echet-type limits for the maximum edge length itself and we reveal POT structures under a hub conditioning by proving a POT limit theorem. In the finite-mean regime \beta>1, the leading scaling agrees with the unweighted model up to a constant. By contrast, for the weights have a macroscopic effect on extreme edge lengths: for \beta< 1 the scaling changes, and the borderline case exhibits additional logarithmic corrections.The proofs combine Stein-type Poisson approximation via a Palm--coupling approach with a refined treatment of the dependence created by the conditioning event
Size doesn’t always matter: Greenspace connectivity can offset insufficient habitat patch size to improve urban tits breeding success
No full textInternational audienceUrban landscapes are often highly fragmented, constraining animals to live in and exploit a multitude of habitat patches (e.g., greenspaces) of varying size and isolation. Small greenspaces may not contain enough resources for species to maintain viable populations. Yet, appropriate spatial configuration of the habitat network (i.e., high greenspace connectivity) could theoretically alleviate or even compensate the local food resource limitations by allowing access to additional foraging grounds. Surprisingly, this effect has never been tested to explain the reproductive performances of urban fauna. We hypothesised that higher greenspace connectivity would improve the breeding outputs of two insectivorous bird species (tits), especially with decreasing nesting greenspace area (i.e., the habitat patch where the nest is located).For four years, we monitored the survival and mass of nestlings of Parus major and Cyanistes caeruleus using 240 nestboxes located along a multivariate urban gradient in Dijon (France), and analysed their variations with GLMMs while controlling for various confounding factors (e.g., urbanness, noise and light pollution, microclimate, vegetation management). Functional connectivity was measured through graph-based modelling.Greenspace connectivity was important to explain both nestling survival and mass while the nesting greenspace area was not a good predictor of breeding success. Furthermore, the positive effect of connectivity on nestling survival significantly increased with decreasing area of their nesting patches.Urban tits can maintain successful reproduction dynamics in small greenspaces provided those are well connected to the network of preferred foraging habitats. Promoting the connectivity of interstitial urban greenspaces could thus partly compensate for their frequently insufficient sizes in cities
The geography behind planning conformance: distribution of resources as the main factor of success in strategic planning
No full textInternational audienceStudies of the material effectiveness of plans – or planning conformance – have been around since the early days of planning as an academic field although they became very marginal between the 1990s and the mid-2010s. This paper contributes to the recent renewed interest in the study of conformance by comparing the intentions and outcomes (9 years on) of 54 French inter-municipal strategic plans (SCoTs). In 2010, in order to strengthen these strategic documents, the French central government allowed them to impose two regulatory, binding and spatially explicit criteria on lower-level documents: housing density thresholds and numbers of housing units to be built. The main results indicate a low level of overall conformance – although comparable to previous studies of land-use plans – accompanied by a wide variety of local situations. These can be explained primarily by geographical, institutional, and political factors. Among the factors identified in the literature, the rural-urban gradient (and the resource inequalities it entails) is by far the most statistically explanatory of strategic planning conformance
Do investments in CSR activities enhance financial performance for politically connected firms? Evidence from France
No full textFNEGE 4, ABS 2International audiencePurpose - This study aims to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance (FP) and how this relationship is affected by firms’ political connections. Design/methodology/approach - The authors use a sample of French companies listed on the SBF 120 index over the period 2011–2023. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, the authors apply the System Generalized Method of Moments. Findings - The results show that for firms without political connections, the FP is positively influenced by a strong commitment to social responsibility. This suggests that stronger FP can be achieved through better CSR performance. However, for firms with political connections, this relationship becomes negative, indicating that political ties may hinder the benefits of CSR on FP. Originality/value - The key contribution of this paper is the investigation of the effects of political connection on the link between CSR engagement and FP in the French context