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Impact of Urbanization, Development Level, and Openness on Institutions in Bangladesh: An ARDL Investigation Using Two Measures of Institutional Quality
Full text linkFuture development policies require a better understanding of the various factors that affect the quality of institutions in Bangladesh. In this paper, we estimate empirical ARDL models to investigate the roles of urbanization, openness, and the level of development as determinants of institutional quality. We use two measures of institutional quality, both derived from the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs). The first proxy, INQ, is a composite index developed from the six WGIs using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The second indicator, AvgINQ, is the average of the six WGIs. For each indicator of institutional quality, three models were estimated, resulting in six models in total. The impact of urbanization on institutional quality is consistent in terms of sign and significance across all six models, a claim that cannot be made for the other variables in the model. The error correction term reflects dampening convergence to equilibrium for the first proxy for institutional quality but regular convergence when the second proxy is used. In terms of ARDL diagnostics, models with AvgINQ as the dependent variable perform better. The Johansen cointegration test confirms the existence of a long-term relationship among the variables in all the models. Pairwise Granger causality tests are also conducted. The findings emphasize the importance of managing urbanization pressure for better institutional quality.  
Writing Errors of English as Second Language (ESL) Learners in the 21st Philippine Context
Full text linkTo learn a second language (L2), once mastered, entails various prospects for Filipinos. One of the goals of the K-12 curriculum is to strengthen communicative competencies, which include linguistic competence; however, it was reported that the English Proficiency Index (EPI) of the Philippines has continuously declined in 2019, a year after the first batch of Senior High School graduated. As the country’s EPI declines, it may negatively impact the competitiveness of Filipinos in the international arena. Additionally, this result demonstrates the presence of errors in the writing performance of the learners despite the change in the curriculum. This research utilized a descriptive method to analyze the corpus from 100 ESL learners of a private school in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur. The findings illustrate that the majority, or 96.3221% were local errors and among these were mechanical or orthographic errors which ranked first with 1677 or 33.70%. Furthermore, the most committed error was misuse or omission of verb tenses, followed by capitalization and punctuation marks. With these results, it is important to expose learners to the target language (TL) and teachers to create remedial writing programs focusing on the weakest linguistic areas
Social Masks and Identity Construction in Lualhati Bautista’s Bata... Pa'no Ka Ginawa?
Full text linkThis research employs a descriptive qualitative method, combining textual analysis with cultural and socio-cultural perspectives, to investigate the portrayal of social masks, identity construction, and resilience in Lualhati Bautista's novels, focusing on "Bata, Bata... Pa'no Ka Ginawa?" The study explores how selected characters navigate social roles, adopt personas, and engage in impression management within Filipino society. Through close reading and theoretical interpretation using Goffman's and Mead's frameworks, the research uncovers insights into the intricate dynamics of identity construction, social interaction, and resilience depicted in Bautista's narratives. Significant findings include resilience among characters and its intersection with identity construction and social interaction. Additionally, the study reveals the influence of cultural norms, historical events, and socio-economic factors on characters' identity construction and resilience strategies. It also highlights moments of authenticity, vulnerability, and resistance, analyzing how they challenge or reinforce social masks and identity performances. Overall, the research contributes to understanding the complexities of Filipino identity and resilience in contemporary society as portrayed in literature
Development of Interactive Learning Media Based on Problem-Based Learning: Improving Geography Learning Outcomes
Full text linkThe aim of this research is to produce interactive learning media based on a problem-based learning model that is feasible, practical, and effective in improving student learning outcomes in geography subjects. The ADDIE development model was the type of research used. The results of the research show: the material validation test obtained a score of 98% in the very feasible category, the media validation test obtained a score of 94% in the very feasible category, the design validation test obtained a score of 100% in the very feasible category, the individual and small group trials obtained a score of 86% in the very feasible category. , and the field trial obtained a score of 91% in the very worthy category, with an overall average result from the respondent category of 93%. The use of PBL-based interactive learning media in the experimental class obtained an average learning outcome of 84.17, while in the control class, which used video media and printed books, it obtained an average learning outcome of 79.50. The research data was declared normal and homogeneous. The results of the independent samples t test show tcount = 2.38 and ttable = 2.00 with a significance level of α = 0.05, so tcount > ttable. It can be interpreted that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that the PBL-based interactive learning media product developed is effective. Furthermore, based on the results of the N-Gain calculation, a score of 60.78% was obtained, so this PBL-based interactive learning medium is classified as "quite effective" in the "medium" categor
Development and Implementation of The Bilingual "Ulos Weaving" Textbook in The Fine Arts Studies Program as Implementation of An Outcomes-Based Curriculum
Full text linkThe aim of research is to develop and apply teaching materials for the Ulos Weaving course in two languages. This is considered important and urgent to address curriculum implementation as per the requirements for ASIIN, ABET and AUN QA accreditation or certification. The problem studied is the validity, effectiveness and practicality of the product being developed. This applied research uses the ADDIE development model developed by Dick and Carry with five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The objects of product testing were students from the fifth semester fine arts education study program in 1 class (21 people) from 4 classes and 6 lecturers. This research creates innovation and development of teaching materials that are oriented towards textbook products which have an impact on improving the quality of graduates. After the product was validated by 4 experts, material validity was found to be 88% in the very effective category, validation of the layout or appearance of the book was 90%, and validation in Indonesian was 89% and English was 85% in the good category. The results of the student questionnaire were 86.57% and 100% of the lecturers said it was very useful. With the implementation of this textbook, it is hoped that the Ulos Weaving course will become an idol because it is a typical course of the Unimed Fine Arts Department. With this textbook, it will attract the interest of students from other universities and foreign students to study in the FBS Unimed Fine Arts Education Study Program with the Independent Campus Learning Curriculum which is oriented towards results
A Contrastive Analysis between English Idioms and Their Indonesian Equivalents in the Book Tintin in America by Herge (1932)
Full text linkThis study focuses on employing a descriptive and qualitative research approach. The objective of this research is to discern similarities, differences, predictions of translating problems based on similarities and differences between English Idioms and their Indonesian equivalents. The analysis focuses on the book Tintin in America by Herge (1932). The results indicated the presence of 55 English idioms which consisted of 22 verbal idioms, 12 informal idioms, 5 idioms containing special keywords, 4 idioms related to specific themes, and 12 idiomatic pairs. Regarding the similarities and differences, within the Verbal Idiom category, researchers observed that there was 0 similarity between the 55 English Idioms and their Indonesian counterparts, and there were 55 differences between the 55 English Idioms and their Indonesian counterparts. Based on the differences, Indonesian learners may face problems when translating informal idioms, idioms containing special keywords, idioms related to specific themes, and idiomatic pairs. Within informal idioms, the Indonesian learners may make a mistake by translating, for example, It looks pretty phoney to me into *Bagi saya itu terlihat sangat palsu, instead of the better one Mencurigakan sekali. This is because the English expression is idiomatic, while its Indonesian equivalent is non-idiomatic. A word-by-word or literal translation is probably made due to the difference. The case may also happen when the Indonesian learners are translating idioms containing special keywords, idioms related to specific themes, and idiomatic pairs, for example: the English expression Good gracious! into the Indonesian equivalent *Baik hati, instead of the better one Astaga!; the English expression Glad to be back on my feet again into the Indonesian equivalent *Senang bisa kembali dengan kaki saya lagi, instead or the better one Senang sudah bisa jalan lagi; and the English expression The whole bunch of cut-throats into the Indonesian equivalent *Sejumlah pemotong tenggorokan, instead of the better one Semua bandit yang ada disin
Rejuvenation; Influencing Factors That Farmers Should Consider
Full text linkOne of the impacts of the replanting program is the cessation of production, which has implications for the loss of farmers' household sources of income. The production cycle in the business of annual crops greatly affects the profit that will be obtained by the farmer. More complicated challenges are faced by perennials than annuals because the time between investment, production, cost, and receipt of farming takes a long time in its implementation. This cross-sectional survey research aims to analyze the problems and socio-economic factors that determine the decision of oil palm farmers to participate in the rejuvenation of oil palm plantations in Jambi Province. This research was carried out in several villages which centered of smallholder oil palm plantations with a sample of 257 oil palm farmers who had old or damaged oil palm plants that had not been replanted or had been replanted. The respondents were selected by using the multistage sampling method. The instrument used is an open-ended questionnaire. The results showed that the farmer's level of readiness, assets, family size, dependency burden, sex ratio, and perception have a significant influence on the farmer's decision to replant oil palm.
KEYWORDS
Farmer; Palm oil; Rejuvenation; Sustainabilit
The Effect of Climate And Environment on Human Mental State and Health
Full text linkAltitude is one of the best-affecting structural factors in the Earth's environment. The access to all-around temperatures has led to abundant challenges for animal health. Addressing ecology issues through temperature abridgment and after the convalescent animal bloom has become one of the most important apropos in avant-garde times, accessible through ecology and basal changes. Air, one of the bristles' capital elements (air, water, food, heat, and light) for animal survival, is of accurate importance. On a boilerplate day, an animal requires about 14,000 liters (14 cubic meters) of air. Typically, an animal can survive up to 5 weeks after aliment and up to 5 canicule after water, but after air, adaptation is bound to bald minutes. Climatology encompasses an ample ambit of studies, not alone aural the branch of atmospheric science but additionally involving animal ecology concerns. This cogent anatomy of ability can ascendancy assorted animal needs, such as food, energy, health, concrete and brainy well-being, and more. This analysis was conducted through a library abstraction method. Based on the afterward titles and keywords, an array of sources, including acceptable anesthetic books and accessories about the anniversary of the acute apparatus such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, sunlight radiation, wind, and rainfall's appulse on brainy and cerebral bloom and diseases, were studied. It appears that climate, which includes assorted elements such as wind, rain, and snow, can comedy a cogent role in animal emotions. Given that these accustomed phenomena accept altered furnishings in our lives, anecdotic them can accord to convalescent brainy and cerebral altitude in our circadian lives
Factors and Strategies for The Development of Buffalo Production in Aceh Barat District
Full text linkThis study analyzes what factors affect buffalo production in Aceh Barat District. Analyze what factors are more dominant in influencing buffalo production in Aceh Barat District. Determining the strategy for buffalo development in Aceh Barat District This research was conducted in Aceh Barat District from April to August 2023 with a sample of 90 farmers spread across three districts in Aceh Barat. The data analysis used was to use liner regression coo Douglas analysis to see the factors affecting. The results of multiple regression analysis can be seen that the factors of seeds, labor, cage area, total feed have a real effect on buffalo livestock production in Aceh Barat
Candidacy Endorsement and Rebuttals as Mediated Campaign Strategies in The 2023 Nigerian Election
Full text linkEndorsements trigger arguments and rebuttals about the relevance of political actors by the spokesmen frontline political parties. Previous linguistic studies have focused more on campaign speeches; little attention has been paid to endorsement as a campaign strategy. This study investigated the endorsement speech of Olusegun Obasanjo (OBJ) and rebuttals by supporting and opposing spokesmen of Labour Party (LP), People’s Democratic Party (PDP), and All Progressive Congress (APC) in Nigerian elections, identifying and analysing the locutionary, illocutionary and Pragmatic strategies. The qualitative design was used. Data comprise purposely selected and transcribed texts from Channels Television (CHNLSTV) interview, moderated by Seun Okinbaloye. Data was downloaded from their YouTube channel Mariana Sbisa’s Speech Act, supported by John Searle’s classification of illocutionary, and the textual part of Mey’s Pragmatic Acts were used as the framework. The locutionary strategies of endorsements and rebuttals in the data were: juxtaposition with alternative facts, conscious denial of position and facts, affirmation of thoughts, representation of opinionated position and counter-position, acceptance of position or facts and attack/defense of personality traits. Three major illocutionary acts: expressive, representative, and directive, were seen. Pragmatic resources such as inference, reference, relevance, metaphor and shared situational knowledge underlined. Expressive was achieved by condoning, criticising, condemning and praising. Representative was constructed by the forces of asserting, accusing, comparing and contrasting or juxtaposing. Directive was justified by defining, declaring, endorsing and analogising. The study concludes that endorsements and rebuttals are the performance ratings of political agents