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Mathematical modelling of indicative process parameters of dual-fuel engines with conventional fuel injection system /
No full textModern engine research uses multi-dimensional Mathematical Models (MMs) that are applicable to multi-fuel engines. However, their use involves the availability of detailed technical data on the design and characteristics of the engine, which is not always possible. The use of a one-dimensional MM is more expedient for the prediction of engine parameters, but their application for this purpose has not yet been sufficiently investigated. This publication presents the results of numerical studies evaluating the application of a one-dimensional MM with bi-phase Vibe combustion laws for dual-fuel (DF) Diesel (D) and Natural Gas (NG) engine power parameters. The motor test results of a high-speed 4ČN79.5/95.5 Diesel Engine (DE) with a conventional fuel injection system were used as adequacy criteria. The engines were operated with D100 and DF D20/NG80, in high- (HLM), medium- (MLM), and low- (LLM) load modes, and the angle of Diesel-fuel Injection Timing (DIT) was changed from −1 to −13 °CA in the Before Top Dead Center (BTDC) range. Modelling of the single-phase Vibe combustion law has limited applicability for efficient use only in HLM (with an error of 7%). In the MLM and LLM regimes, owing to non-compliance with real bi-phasic combustion with a strongly ex-tended NG diffusive second phase, the modelling error is 50%. Individual MM matching in MLM and LLM in a DF D20/NG80 experiment detected a burn time increase from between 45 and 50 °CA, to 110 and 200 °CA, respectively. Limited use of the one-dimensional MM in the evaluation of DF engine performance has been identified. When comparing a one-dimensional MM with experimental data, a bi-phase law of heat release characteristic should be considered for better coin-cidence. In addition, individual MM matching with an experiment on each engine load mode ensured acceptable accuracy in testing and optimising the parameters of the indicator process, including DIT
Effective worker’s learning perspective of professionalism improvement.
No full textThesis problem: how to effectively organise and realise trade supervisors’ learning perspective of professionalism improvement. Thesis object: trade supervisor’s effective learning and professionalism. Thesis purpose: theoretically and empirically analyse trade supervisor’s effective learning abilities of professionalism improvement. Thesis tasks: 1) To theoretically analyse workers’ effective learning perspective of professionalism improvement; 2) To analyse trade supervisor’s view on effective learning perspective of professionalism improvement; 3) To analyse „X“ trade institution’s occurrence, to identify effective learning possibilities of professionalism improvement aspect. The research is based on these methodological provisions: Transformative learning theory (Mezirow, 1991; Siebert, 2011, etc.) the point – action, and acting it determines factor for a new perception perspective. There are touched three learning spheres: cognitive, affective and social. Humanitarian learning theory, which is based on humanitarian pedagogy and psychology provisions (Rogers, 1961; Maslow, 1967), in which it is accented a person’s personality importance, revealing adult person’s learning potential, highlighting effective learning assumptions. Thesis methods: educational literature analysis; research (questionnaire); case analysis. Work’s novelty, theoretical and practical significance: Based on perspective in professionalism improvement concept, professionalism improvement strategies, ways, trade supervisors’ effective ways of learning through learning motivating factors in perspective of professionalism improvement. Prepared quantity research methodology and case analysis could be useful for trade supervisors’ effective learning in perspective of professionalism improvement in an organisation and beyond. Prepared text could be useful other trade organisations, using effective learning strategies and ways, realising own professionalism improvement programs, evaluations. Prepared recommendations for effective trade supervisors’ learning perspective of professionalism improvement
God Trinity theology in the encyclicals of John Paul II.
No full textThe article analyzes the theme of the Trinity of God in the encyclicals of John Paul II. St. Pope John Paul II was one of those supreme pastors of the Catholic Church who, during a sufficiently long time of his pontificate (27 years), time wrote many encyclicals, apostolic exhortations, and other Church documents. They fought relentlessly for human rights, against the so-called “realism of socialism”, against communism, against liberal theology. He spoke out against abortion and euthanasia, against “wild capitalism” and liberalism. He spoke out against the women’s priesthood and allowing Catholic priests to marry. So, let’s say his teaching doctrine was conservative but balanced. He saw the signs of the time perfectly and was able to read them. This essentially gave one of the most peaceful times in every sense to the entire Catholic Church. He wrote a total of 14 encyclicals in which he touched on the theme of the Trinity of God in one way or another. It could not be otherwise, because in Christianity, to speak of God means to speak of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. One of the first encyclicals in which the Pope explored the doctrine of the Trinity of God in detail was Redemtor Hominis (1979). This theme was further developed in the encyclicals Dives in misericordia (1980), Dominum et vivificantem (1986). The Pope has always presented the teaching of the Trinity of God in a historical context of how the dogma of the Trinity has been perceived and accepted or rejected from early Christian times to the present day, clearly reflected in the sources of the Christian faith: Scripture, the Bible, the Church Fathers and its traditional official teaching – Magisterium. In dealing with these topics, the encyclical concluded with a pastoral call for the Church to evangelize believers and the world
The teology of the body of John Paul II as a path to a happy life.
No full textIn this article we will try to answer the question – what is the meaning of human corporeality? What is its meaning and significance in the life of a particular person? We will analyze and rely on the cycle of John Paul II’s catechesis about the creation of man and woman and the significance of human love, more commonly known as “the theology of the body”. We will rely on the theological understanding of human corporeality of the Roman Catholic Church and will try to answer the question: is it possible to be happy living here on earth? We will ask the question: how do our corporeality and the perception of the limitations of our corporeality affects the understanding of our happiness? Is it possible to have a recipe for a happy life while knowing of man’s tendencies to choose a life through the experience of the body, which can theologically be called as humiliating the human existence itself? We will analyze some models of thinking patterns that despise the human body. The Biblical narrative – recorded in the Book of Genesis – about the creation of the man and the woman will serve to answer to the fundamental questions related to the perception of human corporeality and its destination
Educational activities of libraries from the aspect of local communities.
No full textScientific problem: what is the educational activity of libraries in local communities? Working hypothesis - library educational activities are an important form of leisure and lifelong learning for local community residents. The object of the research is the educational services provided by the local branches of the Jurbarkas District Municipality Public Library. The aim of the research is to theoretically analyze and empirically reveal the educational activities of libraries from the aspect of local communities. Research tasks: 1. To perform an analysis of theoretical discourse, revealing: the Lithuanian library system, the mission of public libraries and their changing role; the concept of educational activities and educational activities of libraries in the context of local communities. 2. To carry out a survey to determine the attitude of the users of the local branch services (residents of the local community) of the Jurbarkas District Municipality Public Library to the educational activities of the library. 3. Prepare recommendations for local libraries and the municipality. The main results of the research. The research identified which educational services provided by the library are needed. Communities express not only the social but also the relevance of educational and cultural needs to their lives. Public libraries in rural communities perform their traditional functions best - culture, education and leisure. Residents mostly use the library for the opportunity to borrow books, read the press and participate in educational and cultural events organized by the library. However, these services and information about them are less accessible to the residents of remote communities, personal connections with the members of these communities are less pronounced, thus limiting their integration into society
Potential and feasibility of Mytilus spp. farming along a salinity gradient /
No full textMussel farming, compared to marine finfish aquaculture, represents an environmentally friendly alternative for a high quality protein source and can at the same time be a measure to remove excess nutrients in eutrophic areas. As such, it is considered as a promising “blue growth” potential and promoted within the European Union. To expand mussel aquaculture, new regions have to be considered because there are multiple marine usages, and spatial limitations occur in coastal areas. The brackish Baltic Sea might be considered for expansion of mussel aquaculture. This study focusses on estimated production potential, economic profitability and nutrient remediation potential of mussel farming at different salinities. Four experimental mussel farms were set up along the German Baltic coast at salinities ranging from 7 to 17 psu. Collected growth data was used to calibrate and validate a Dynamic Energy Budget model and to predict the potential mussel production at 12 sites along the German coast. The estimated production and nutrient removal was used to assess economic profitability, assuming two usages of the harvest: human consumption and mussel meal production. Measured mussel specific growth rates increased with salinity from 0.05 mm d–1 in Greifswald Bay to 0.11 mm d–1 in Kiel Fjord. Within 6 months, a 1-ha farm could produce from 1 t (Darss-Zingst-Bodden-Chain) to 51 t (Flensburg) fresh mussels and remove 1.1 to 27.7 kg P and 24.7 to 612.7 kg N, respectively. Mussel farms at sites west of Rostock at salinities >10 psu could produce 5 cm mussels within 18 months, but only farms at Flensburg, Eckernförde and Kiel Fjord became profitable at a farm size of 4 ha (160,000 m3) at current market prices of 2.2 € kg–1. Regardless of the farm size, none of the farm sites could operate profitable if fresh mussels were sold for animal feeding at sales price of 0.06 € kg–1. Yearly nutrient removal costs at a small-scale farm (1 ha) ranged between 162 € (Flensburg) and 4,018 € (Darss-Zingst-Bodden-Chain) kg–1 nitrogen, and 3,580 € and 88,750 € kg–1 phosphorus, respectively
Bridging the science-policy gap – toward better integration of decision support tools in coastal and marine policy implementation /
No full textDecision support tools (DSTs), like models, GIS-based planning tools and assessment tools, play an important role in incorporating scientific information into decision-making and facilitating policy implementation. In an interdisciplinary Baltic research group, we compiled 43 DSTs developed to support ecosystem-based management of the Baltic Sea and conducted a thorough review. Analyzed DSTs cover a wide variety of policy issues (e.g., eutrophication, biodiversity, human uses) and address environmental as well as socio-economic aspects. In this study, we aim to identify gaps between existing DSTs and end-user needs for DSTs for supporting coastal and marine policy implementation, and to provide recommendations for future DST development. In two online surveys, we assess the awareness and use of DSTs in general, as well as policy implementation challenges and DST needs of representatives of public authorities from all Baltic countries, in particular. Through a policy review we identify major policy issues, policies, and general implementation steps and requirements and develop the synthesis-matrix, which is used to compare DST demand and supply. Our results show that DSTs are predominantly used by researchers. End-users from public authorities use DSTs mostly as background information. Major obstacles for DST use are lacking awareness and experiences. DST demand is strongest for the policy issue eutrophication. Furthermore, DSTs that support the development of plans or programs of measures and assess their impacts and effectiveness are needed. DST supply is low for recently emerging topics, such as non-indigenous species, marine litter, and underwater noise. To overcome existing obstacles, a common database for DSTs available in the BSR is needed. Furthermore, end-users need guidance and training, and cooperation between DST developers and end-users needs to be enhanced to ensure the practical relevance of DSTs for supporting coastal and marine policy implementation. To fill existing gaps, DSTs that address impacts on human welfare and link environmental and socio-economic aspects should be developed. The Baltic Sea Region serves as a best practice case for studying DSTs and their practical use. Hence, our results can provide insights for DST development in other marine regions. Furthermore, our methodological approach is transferable to other areas
The influence of culture on sustainable development following the example of the Baltic States.
No full textWork goal - analyze the impact of culture towards sustainability as in the example, of the Baltic States. It is being said, that sustainable development is made out of three dimensions, which, social, economic and environmental protection, however, it is more often being said, that culture is an integral part of sustainable development. Culture does not only include society’s actions, traditions and norms, but also shows the direct relationship of people with the world that they are surrounded by, including nature and it's preservation. In this research, culture is being recognized as a foundation of sustainable development, were in action, the dimensions are successfully working together. While in research, it was determined, that different cultures impact the sustainable development decisions of the Baltic States. After analyzing Lithuania's, Latvia's and Estonia's national sustainable development strategies, it was determined that the activities of different cultures, are being interpreted and integrated differently. In the Lithuanian and Latvian strategy documents, cultural activities are integrated in pursuance of sustainable economy, job safety, while in Estonia's strategic documents it is emphasized the prioritized of education and creating the opportunity to study for life
Prevention of cardio-vascular diseases by developing physical activity in old age.
No full textAll over the world, with the number of older people increasing every year, one of the most pressing challenges is to ensure quality of life for these people by reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Training and promotion of proper physical activity is one of the most effective means of prevention in ensuring better health in old age
