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About the Lithuanian infix presents.
No full textIn the modern Lithuanian and Latvian languages and their dialects the nasal infix verbs have the meaning of the state or its change. In the Indo-European languages the meaning of the verbs was a bit different. Some of the old languages — Greek, Latin, Sanskrit — etymological relationships mean an active action (Lat. f undo “lieju”, Skr. chinátti “pjauna”, Celt, bongid “laužo”), the others — the state or its change (Lat. ninquit “sninga”, Skr. dhvamsati “nyksta, yra”). The facts of the comparative languages give an idea that there might be nasal verbs in the Baltic languages with the meaning of active action. Eight out of 15 given verbs, having parallel present stems in a, ia and nasal infix, are used in the meaning of active action. The better part of them are effective (rañka, žañga, senka, reñta, šiñka, kruñša, pluñka, bruñka). This fact might be not new in the history of the Baltic languages. It might reflect the formation period of the verbs of the Baltic languages, when infix presents had no differentiated semantics
Etymological parallels in baltic, slavic and tocharian in "names of animals and their body parts".
No full textIn this paper words which in Tocharian name animals and their body parts are analyzed. There are 13 words, which have etymological parallels in Baltic, Slavic and other Indo-European languages. Five words (from 13) which name domestic animals (Toch. A yuk, В yakwe, Lith. ašva; Toch. AB ku “bitch, dog”, Lith. šuo; toch. A ko, B ki, kew “cow”, Latv. guovs “ox”; Toch. A kayurs, B kaurse “bull”, Lith. veršis “calf”, Toch. В suwo “sow”, Latv. suvens “pig”) have retained many of the most archaic features of the Indo-European vocabulary. The remaining eight words, which name birds, beasts, fish and insects, frequently are derivatives from Indo-European verbal or adjectivel roots