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John of Salisbury’s “Policraticus” or “On the frivolities of courtiers and the footprints of philosophers”.
No full textPrinciples of organizational wisdom in the health tourism industry /
No full textHealth tourism is when patients travel to another state (or within a country) to improve or restore health (Hudson and Li, 2012). Recent studies show that health care spending is on the rise, averaging around 9 percent of GDP in OECD countries, and that the right balance needs to be struck between spending on disease prevention and treatment. Assessing the problem field of the health tourism industry and the current situation, the following key problems are identified: lack of communication and support between health tourism policy makers and health tourism organizations; lack of a culture of cooperation and organizational partnership between the public and private sectors; lack of strategic planning; gaps in the targeted distribution of responsibilities between actors in the health tourism network; resistance of the public and private sector to change. Thus, the article solves the problem – how to ensure the effective application of the principles of organizational wisdom in the health tourism industry? According to the authors, it is expedient for the organizations involved in this complex field of tourism to base their activities on the principles of organizational wisdom. The aim of the article is to propose the application of the principles of organizational wisdom in the health tourism industry. For the systematic review, scientific articles were searched in databases: Cambridge Journals Online; EBSCO; Emerald Publishing; SAGE Journals Online; Science direct; Taylor & Francis. The scientific articles included in the systematic review cover the period 1999-2020. The following methods are used to present the results of the research: comparative analysis, synthesis, graphical representation and generalization. The study identified the following essential principles of organizational wisdom that are appropriate to adapt in the health tourism industry: transformational leadership; organizational culture, management structure and teamwork; recognition of environmental change and rapid and effective response to it; systemic thinking; interaction between different organizations that can lead to high-quality solutions (innovation); the ability to accumulate organizational memory to compare past and present situations and decisions made. The authors in the article substantiate the opinion that the sustainability of the application of these principles depends on the mechanism of organizational partnership in organizing / creating health tourism cooperative. Such an organization has: a balanced structure and clearly defined roles and responsibilities of participants; long-term commitments are matched by specific short-term objectives that can be measured; periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of the role played by each partner; accurate and effective communication between partners and all stakeholders
Physical activity, stress, depression, emotional intelligence, logical thinking, and overall health in a large Lithuanian from October 2019 to June 2020: age and gender differences adult sample /
No full textThis study aimed to examine relationships and group differences among adult people’s (aged 18–74) physical activity (PA), expression of stress, depression, emotional intelligence (EI), logical thinking (LT), and overall health assessment. Two hypotheses were formulated before the study. The first hypothesis is that overweight and obesity in young adults (18 to 34 years) females and males, in particular, should increase sharply and this should be associated with decreased PA, abruptly deteriorating subject health, increased stress, depression, and poorer emotion management and EI. Second hypothesis: We further thought that the better people’s reflective thinking, the more they should live a healthier life (e.g., exercise more and eat healthier), their overweight and obesity should be small or none. We aimed to confirm or reject these two hypotheses. We applied a quantitative cross-sectional study design. The study results revealed that during the lifespan of 18–24 and 25–34 years (young adults) there was a sharp increase in overweight and obesity, a decrease in PA (and especially vigorous physical activity (VPA)) (and this was particularly evident in the male), while research participants felt less stress and depression, subjective assessment of health did not change, and EI increased steadily with age (18–24 to 65–74 years). The higher the EI of the research participants from 18–24 to 65–74 years of age the higher their moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), the less stress and depression they felt. Based on the results, it can be said that both females and males prefer PA “with a hot heart rather than a cold mind.” We base this conclusion on the fact that females and males who have the highest EI also have the highest MVPA while LT is not associated with MVPA
Moterys kare: visuomeninė parama Lietuvos kariuomenei 1918-1920 metais.
No full textAs the First World War drew to an end, a number of political actors in the east Baltic Sea region declared the independence of new states. This independence had to be defended by their governments in armed conflicts. The army loyal to the Lithuanian government was engaged in active hostilities until the end of 1920. So far, the historiography on these military actions has concentrated on the tactical-operational actions of the armies, and biographical studies of their military leaders. The participation of women in the Lithuanian war of independence and violence by combatants against civilians, including women, have been studied in a rather fragmentary way. This article fills this research gap, by analysing the collective initiatives of women that emerged in Lithuanian society between 1918 and 1920 to provide public relief to the Lithuanian armed forces that were engaged in military operations. By perceiving these initiatives as a response to a military threat, the article seeks to identify the internal and external factors that underpinned the determination of women to provide material assistance to the Lithuanian army. By taking a sociological theoretical approach of stimulus-induced social interaction, it provides an analysis of the reasons for the formation and the development of 13 women’s associations, and the nature and the extent of their activities
Kuršių marių ledo dangos vertinimas, poveikis ir ateities prognozės.
No full textThis study, for the first time, presents comprehensive analysis of ice cover phenology, thickness distribution, as well as impact on the aquatic environment of the largest lagoon in Europe – the Curonian Lagoon. Combination of advanced remote sensing imaging techniques, conventional in situ observations, and numerical modelling techniques enabled the exploration of new approaches in the monitoring and forecasting of the ice cover. Using satellite data in the numerical modeling framework SHYFEM revealed the importance of high resolution ice observations for describing the physical processes during the ice cover season, such as circulation, water exchange capabilities, saltwater intrusions, water residence time, and suspended sediment dynamics. The incorporation of an advanced sea ice thermodynamic model in the modelling framework SHYFEM, together with remote sensing and ground observations, serve as an important tool for the analysis and representation of ice thickness over the whole lagoon surface, testing the impact of different climate change scenarios on the ice cover, and further improve the numerical description of this freshwater lagoon
Celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the death of aviation lieutenant Juozas Kumpis.
No full textOn 12 March 1919, the Military Aviation wing of the armed forces and the Military Aviation School were both established, and combat flights to the Bolshevik and Polish fronts were being carried out. During one of these flights, Lithuanian military aviation lost its first Lithuanian pilot, Flight Lt Juozas Kumpis. Lt Kumpis studied at Šiauliai’s city gymnasium. In her memoirs, Sofija Lukauskaitė Jasaitienė describes Lt Kumpis as communicative and diplomatic, but at the same time a restrained person and an artistic and talented soul. All of these qualities were perfect for learning the profession of a military aviator. On 29 January 1919, Juozas Kumpis was not yet fully eighteen years of age when he started his service as a volunteer in the Hussar Squadron of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. He soon enrolled in the Military Aviation School. Three German instructors were assigned a total of six student pilots each. Juozas Kumpis was one of those to be assigned to the group which was being tutored by Lt-Gen Fritz Schulz. Lt Kumpis was the only one of all six students to have been prepared by this particular German instructor to end up flying on his own. In addition, he had already been entrusted with important positions both on the ground and when flying on missions. On 3 October 1920, the high command of the Lithuanian Armed Forces instructed the Naval Air Force to find the Lithuanian Armed Forces’ armoured train, which went by the name Gediminas, and which had been surrounded by Poles near Varėna. It was to be destroyed by bombing to avoid it falling into the hands of the enemy. Six Lithuanian crews were readied to complete this task, and the planes flew from Kaunas to Varėna. Lt Kumpis and Lt Juozas Pranckevičius flew the plane ‘LVG C VI’. This crew was in the lead aircraft, flying in front of the rest of the formation.Having approached the target, the planes descended and the scout started throwing bombs and grenades, and firing from a machine gun. They flew a couple of loops around the target and planned to continue until they either destroyed their target or ran out of ammunition. There was a division of Polish anti-aircraft machine guns positioned at the station, which opened up on the Lithuanian planes with some intensive fire. During one of the squadrons attacking descents, two bullets hit the pilot in the head and he lost consciousness. The scout stabilised the plane to some extent and was able to make an emergency landing. Both pilots fell into Polish hands, being taken as prisoners of war. On 10 October 1920, after having suffered serious injuries and without ever having regaining consciousness, Lt Juozas Kumpis died at Varėna Hospital. Lithuanian pilots, all of whom were still very young as pioneers of military aviation, were already valued to the same level as their more highly-experienced western colleagues. After all, Lithuanian pilots had been taught by German, British, and Swedish instructors. His death is confirmed by the presence of a German coin which was found on the chest of Lt Juozas Kumpis, since the Poles thought he was a dead German mercenary, and that the Lithuanians themselves had no military pilots. On 15 October Juozas Kumpis was buried in the old cemetery in the city of Šiauliai. The coffin, which was accompanied by a crowd, was transported through the city on an airplane with its wings removed. Instead of a cross, a propeller was placed on the pilot’s grave according to the tradition of military aviators
Research of perspectives to use ammonia fuel in marine diesel engines.
No full textThe problem of climate change is being discussed at various le-vels and possible ways of reducing pollution are being sought. With regard to the maritime transport sector, the International Maritime Organization has set a target for 2050 to reduce gre-enhouse gas emissions from ships by up to 50% compared to 2008 levels. To achieve this goal the perspectives to use ammonia fuel in diesel engines are analyzed. Ammonia does not contain carbon atoms in its chemical composition, therefore does not e-mit CO2 when burned under ideal conditions. This idea is not new, research has shown the successful use of ammonia fuel in dual fuel engines. However, use of ammonia fuel is complicated as emissions such as NOx, NH3, CO increase and energy effi-ciency of the engine slightly decrease compared to operation on diesel. The aim of this article is to evaluate the perspectives to use ammonia fuel in marine diesel engines and to determine the problems that arise at the same time in order to form the direction of future research on the topic of the dissertation
The advantages and disadvantages of integrated care implementation in Central and Eastern Europe – perspective from 9 CEE countries /
No full textIntroduction: Health and social care systems in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have undergone significant changes and are currently dealing with serious problems of system disintegration, coordination and a lack of control over the market environment. Description: The increased health needs related to the ageing society and epidemiological patterns in these countries also require funding needs to increase, rationing to be reformed, sectors to be integrated (the managed care approach), and an analytical information base to be developed if supervision of new technological approaches is to improve. The period of system transitions in CEE countries entailed significant changes in their health systems, including health care financing. Discussion: Large deficits in the public financing of health systems were just one of the challenges arising from the economic downturn of the 1990s, which was coupled with inflation, increasing unemployment, low salaries, a large informal sector and tax evasion in a number of CEE countries. During the communist period, there was universal access to a wide range of health services, proving it difficult to retain this coverage. As a result, many states sought to ration publicly funded health services – for example, through patient cost-sharing or decreasing the scope of basic benefits. Yet, not all of these reform plans were implemented, and in fact, some were rolled back or not implemented at all due to a lack of social or political consensus. Conclusion: CEE health systems had come to practice implicit rationing in the form of under-the-table payments from patients, quasi-formal payments to providers to compensate for lack of funding, and long waiting lists forcing patients to the private sector. All these difficulties pose a challenge to the implementation of integrated care
Did COVID-19 pandemic change people’s physical activity distribution, eating, and alcohol consumption habits as well as body mass index? /
No full textThis cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether COVID-19 had an impact on people’s (aged 18–74) physical activity distribution, eating, and alcohol consumption habits as well as body mass index. We interviewed 6369 people (4545 women and 1824 men) in Lithuania before the COVID-19 pandemic started and 2392 during COVID-19 (1856 women and 536 men). They were aged 18–74 years. We found that both genders had not stopped their physical activity (PA) completely because of lockdown imitations (for example, prohibition from attending sport clubs), but they started doing different physical exercises at sport clubs. We determined the PA distribution according to the Danish Physical Activity Questionnaire (DPAQ). Despite increases in independent PA and the quantity of light PA, the amount of total energy used in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) units per day decreased significantly for both genders irrespective of age. Although the amounts of sedentary behavior, moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) or a combination of MPA and VPA (MVPA) did not change significantly. Surprisingly, lockdown reduced the duration of sleep for older women but increased their amount of intense VPA (>6 METs). However, the amount of intense VPA decreased for men. Both genders reported overeating less during the pandemic than before it, but did not start consuming more alcohol, and their body mass index did not change. Thus, the COVID-19 in Lithuania represented ‘good stress’ that mobilized these individuals to exercise more independently and overeat less