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The Lutheran liturgy: theological principles, structure, and historical development /
No full textThe article examines the Lutheran liturgy in a theological and historical context. It analyzes its structure, surveys the criteria for liturgical reforms in the sixteenth century, considers the possible classification of a wide variety of Lutheran agendas as well as the influence of pietism and the Enlightenment on the liturgical life of the church. Particular attention is given to the Prussian Union and its agenda which has awakened a new liturgical sensibility among the Lutheran Churches and prompted them to re-appreciate their confessional and liturgical heritage, leading to the preparation of new agendas that more clearly reflected their confessional identity. The influence of liturgical movements on the sacramental life of the church and the results of the liturgical reforms carried out by the Lutheran churches of the United States, Germany, and Scandinavia in the twentieth century are also considered
The importance of continuity of care women with obstetric trauma.
No full textAround 50% of women who give birth naturally have trauma to the birthing tract requiring soft tissue suturing. In Lithuania, women spend an average of 2-3 days in hospital after an uncomplicated natural delivery, which is not always enough time to acquire the skills to take care of the new-born as well as to care for the delivery wound. Continuity of care after the return of the mother from hospital is particularly important to avoid complications in the postnatal period such as fever, wound infections, resolution of wound edges, incontinence of gases or faeces, formation of fistulae, painful sexual intercourse, and delay of future family planning. Aim of the study: to assess the importance of continuity of care for women with obstetric trauma. Methods: A quantitative study, an anonymous survey of women who have given birth naturally in the last two years and who have experienced various soft tissue injuries of the birthing tract between November 2020 and January 2021, following an analysis of the scientific literature, was conducted. The survey data were analysed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016 data processing software. The study was carried out in accordance with ethical principles. Results: 110 women participated in the study. Most of the respondents were first-time mothers with grade I-II perineal or vaginal tears. More than half of the women highlighted the lack of information from professionals about home care of the birth canal, postnatal sexuality, and family planning. Conclusions: Women with natural childbirth who have suffered soft tissue injuries to the birthing tract experience pain in the wound area in the postnatal period, which limits movement when walking, sitting, getting up from a lying position, and feel anxiety and fearof soft tissue injury when defecating. Mothers are not sufficiently informed about home care of the obstetric wound and would prefer follow-up care in primary care
The behavior of Lithuanian travelers in the context of COVID-19.
No full textThe relevance of this study is determined by the fact that the tourism industry is undergoing the most difficult period in its history due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel restrictions imposed to stop the spread of the virus have had a devastating effect on the entire tourism industry, both worldwide and in Lithuania. Tourism is a vital part of the infrastructure of the world economy, generating 10% of total GDP according to the United Nations World Tourism Organization. Hence, this industry was maintaining 1 in 10 of all jobs worldwide before the COVID-19 pandemic. The tourism sector is very dynamic, requiring a rapid response to a changing environment and market. However, tourism is also the sector most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, tour operators in Lithuania suffered €9.5 million in losses throughout 2020, and their income fell by an average of 58%. The aim of this article is to analyze the motives and choices of travelers’ behavior regarding travel priorities during a pandemic. The research methodology consisted of the analysis of scientific literature alongside documentary and statistical data regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector. This was accompanied by quantitative research on travelers’ behavior in Lithuania. The results of this study unequivocally show that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on travelers was over 89%. Due to the changing quarantine conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries, last-minute travel is expected to become popular for reasons of financial security and allowing more predictable travel dates. The travel industry, after having been affected by the global pandemic, encourages hobby, tailor-made trips, or even specific reconstructions of the most popular prepandemic trips that are designed around the individual needs of travelers. Respondents also indicated that the future of safe travel lies in vaccine passports and, although it is not yet known exactly whether vaccination inhibits the spread of the disease, acquired immunity and resistance to the COVID-19 virus provides an opportunity to avoid severe complications or even death. A survey of travelers revealed that 67.1% of respondents would choose a vaccine passport, and the Chi-squared test found that travel planning differed statistically significantly depending on the introduction of vaccination passports. This means that travel planning would be more active if vaccination passports were introduced to allow unrestricted travel without testing and quarantine
A practical novel assessment tool for the socio-ecological condition of Protected Areas: the Protection Level Index (PLI) /
No full textProtected Area (PA) managers and policy makers need to determine and demonstrate the effectiveness of PA management and keep track of the conservation status in ways that are practical, scientifically sound and comparable among PAs in various terrestrial and aquatic environments. As most existing methods for measuring the managerial efficiency of PAs are restricted to specific elements of the management or a limited number of detailed environmental aspects, often without the participation of practitioners, we aim for a generally applicable method developed in close cooperation with PA managers; the Protection Level Index (PLI). PLI includes ecological, socio-economic, as well as managerial factors, and consists of twelve variables that together describe the state of a PA. Seven of those are derived from interviews with PA managers, and five of them are derived from GIS analyses. Data were obtained during face-to-face interviews with PA managers using a fixed protocol, thereby introducing a new way of incorporating the perception of the PA managers. PLI was tested in seven different PAs across Europe. The lowest final PLI score was for the Island Network of Protected Areas in La Palma and the highest final PLI score was for the Kalkalpen National Park. PLI is wider applicable than other related methods and more cost-effective. Therefore PLI can be used on a yearly basis to keep track of the progress of management activities and conservation status within and among (networks of) PAs
Characterizing vegetation complexity with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) – A framework and synthesis /
No full textEcosystem complexity is among the important drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are becoming an important tool for characterizing vegetation patterns and processes. The variety of UASs applications is immense, and so are the procedures to process UASs data described in the literature. Optimizing the workflow is still a matter of discussion. Here, we present a comprehensive synthesis aiming to identify common rules that shape workflows applied in UAS-based studies facing complexity in ecosystems. Analysing the studies, we found similarities irrespective of the ecosystem, according to the character of the property addressed, such as species composition (biodiversity), ecosystem structure (stand volume/complexity), plant status (phenology and stress levels), and dynamics (disturbances and regeneration). We propose a general framework allowing to design UAS-based vegetation surveys according to its purpose and the component of ecosystem complexity addressed. We support the framework by detailed schemes as well as examples of best practices of UAS studies covering each of the vegetation properties (i.e. composition, structure, status and dynamics) and related applications. For an efficient UAS survey, the following points are crucial: knowledge of the phenomenon, choice of platform, sensor, resolution (temporal, spatial and spectral), model and classification algorithm according to the phenomenon, as well as careful interpretation of the results. The simpler the procedure, the more robust, repeatable, applicable and cost effective it is. Therefore, the proper design can minimize the efforts while maximizing the quality of the results
Klasifikavimo klaidos vertinimas, pagrįstas semivariogramomis Gauso universalaus krigingo modeliui.
No full textBayes multiclass classification of spatial Gaussian data following the universal kriging model is considered. The closed-form expressions for the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of regression parameters and the actual error rate (AER) in terms of semivariograms are derived