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Optimization of injection molding processing parameters for thin-walled plastic parts manufactured for the automotive industry
No full textThe fabrication of thin-walled plastic parts has potential in the automotive industry in terms of sustainability and circular economy targets to decrease any harmful effects on the ecosystems, cost and performance. Injection molding of thin-walled automotive parts is more complex in terms of processing defects compared to traditional plastic parts. Optimization of processing parameters is of critical importance to solving problems and defects in the production of thin-walled parts. In this study, the flow length and weight of thin-walled spiral parts (with wall thicknesses of 0.50, 1.50, 2.70 and 3.00 mm) were investigated with theoretical and experimental studies. The theoretical flow length and weight of the thin-walled spiral parts were determined by Moldflow analysis according to the pressure and wall thickness. The correlation graph between theoretical results and experimental measurements was obtained. When the wall thickness of the thin-walled spiral parts increased, the flow length of the thin-walled spiral parts increased. As a result, it was found that the thin-walled spiral part mold could not be filled for wall thicknesses of 0.50 and 1.50 mm at maximum pressure due to decreasing temperature at the flow front. In addition, the thin-walled spiral part mold can be filled for a wall thickness of 2.70 and 3.00 mm. In the correlation study conducted for these values, an agreement of approximately 90% was achieved. However, it was also observed that as the pressure increases, the deviation between the experimental and theoretical results becomes more pronounced
Pelvic floor dysfunction and rehabilitation in neurological disorders: bridging pathophysiology with multidisciplinary approaches—a focused mini-review
No full textBackground.: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a frequent yet underrecognized complication of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and stroke. Its multifactorial pathophysiology involves complex neural mechanisms affecting bladder, bowel, and sexual function, often resulting in decreased quality of life and psychosocial distress. Objective.: This focused mini-review aims to synthesize current evidence on the pathophysiology, clinical features, and rehabilitation approaches for neurogenic PFD in major neurological conditions. Methods.: A targeted literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify clinical and experimental studies published between 1990 and 2025 addressing urinary and PFD in neurological populations. Special attention was given to rehabilitation-based interventions such as pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), biofeedback, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation. Findings.: Neurogenic PFD is highly prevalent, with up to 90% of MS patients, 60% of PD patients, and nearly half of stroke survivors experiencing urinary symptoms. Conservative rehabilitation, particularly PFMT combined with biofeedback and NMES, improves muscle function, reduces incontinence frequency, and enhances quality of life. However, standardized rehabilitation protocols are lacking, and adherence remains a major barrier. Conclusion.: Evidence supports a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach integrating PFMT and adjunct modalities for neurogenic PFD. Further large-scale randomized studies are required to establish standardized, evidence-based clinical guidelines
Activation effect on carbonated consolidation properties of coal gasification slag: part I – mechanical activation
No full textCoal gasification slag (CGS), a by-product of the Coal Chemical industry, exhibits considerable possibility for application in areas such as low-carbon building material production and CO2 mineralization and sequestration. However, its low-carbon utilization is constrained by its low carbonated consolidation activity. In this study, the mechanical activation effect and the carbonated consolidation performance of mechanically activated CGS were explored via a suite of analytical practices, including XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTG, and SEM-EDS. The mechanism of carbonated consolidation in mechanically activated CGS was systematically elucidated. Results show that: (1) Mechanical grinding significantly influences key physicochemical properties, including specific surface, particle size distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of amorphous quartz phases, diffraction peak intensities, and bonding configurations of Si-O and Si-O-Al groups. (2) When grinding duration reaches 120 min and carbonation proceeds for 24 h, the mechanical strength and CO2 uptake of the CGS carbonated consolidation achieve optimal values of 0.49 MPa and 0.75 g/kg, respectively. Its CO2 uptake increases by 83% compared to the original CGS. (3) Calcite crystals are transformed from disordered granular forms into well-crystallized plate-like and blocky morphologies by grinding. (4) The polymerization degree of [SiO4] and [AlO4] tetrahedra is reduced by mechanical activation, facilitating C-(A)-S-H gel formation and calcite through the synergy of carbonation and hydration. This research advances understanding of the mechanical activation mechanism on the carbonated consolidation of CGS and provides theoretical support for its resource utilization
Etler & Et Ürünleri
No full textGastronomi ve Musfak Sanatları Bölümü Etler & Et Ürünleri Dersi 14 Haftalık Ders Not
Advanced biometrical strategies for genetic analysis and heterosis assessment in maize germplasm
No full textMaize (Zea mays L.) is a cornerstone of global agriculture, contributing significantly to food security and economic stability as one of the world's most important cereal crops. Breeding programs enhancing maize productivity depend on strategically exploiting genetic variation and heterosis. This study employed biometrical approaches to analyze combining ability, heterosis, and heritability in 29 genotypes, including 9 parental lines and 20 F1 hybrids, developed through a Line x Tester mating scheme. Significant genetic variability was observed, with P4 (B73) and P1 (Zheng58) identified as superior combiners for nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, and grain yield. Testers P8 (Mo17) and P9 (PH4CV) exhibited strong combining abilities for NR activity, ear length, and grain yield, indicating the importance of parental selection. Additionally, hybrids P1 x P9 (Zheng58 x PH4CV) and P5 x P7 (PH6WC x 178) exhibited strong specific combining ability (SCA) effects, signifying both additive and non-additive gene actions in trait improvement. High mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and better-parent heterosis (BPH) were observed, with MPH ranging from 61.91% to 272.26% and BPH from 32.77% to 216.29% for grain yield, showing the potential for hybrid vigor. High heritability for grain yield, NR activity, and other traits suggests a strong genetic foundation for breeding. These findings highlight the integration of genetic variability, combining ability, and heterosis, optimizing hybrid performance and enhancing parental selection in future breeding programs
Do government outlays crowd-out private consumption? Evidence from the European Union
No full textThe relationship between private consumption expenditure and public expenditure represents a recurring theme in macroeconomics, with relevance to both empirical and theoretical discourse. However, there is a lack of consensus on its direction. Accordingly, this study aims to examine whether public expenditure rules out private consumption expenditure for European Union during the period of 1995-2022. The findings indicate that public expenditure has a positive effect on private consumption expenditure over the long term, thereby corroborating Keynesian theory. However, except the defense expenditure, the findings demonstrate the complementary effect of public expenditures on private consumption expenditures. Moreover, disposable income has a positive influence in all model specifications, which corroborates the Keynesian Absolute Income Hypothesis. Considering the findings, this study also suggests some policy recommendations for the future
Case-based radiology education in interns: comparing learning and retention across modalities
No full textAim: This study aimed to evaluate intern physicians' ability to interpret basic radiological imaging methods and to investigate the effect of a case-based training program on knowledge acquisition and retention. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, participants underwent a pre-test before training, a post-test after training, and a retention test four weeks later. Assessments were performed using direct radiography, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities. The data were statistically analyzed, and performance changes between modalities were examined. Results: This study included 50 intern physicians enrolled in medical school. Of the participants, 40% (n=20) were male and 60% (n=30) were female. The median age was 24 years (interquartile range: 24-24). A statistically significant increase was found in all imaging modalities in the post-test results compared to the pre-test (direct radiography, US, CT: p<0.001; MRI: p=0.019). In the retention test, a statistically significant increase was observed in all modalities compared to the pre-test (p=0.001). However, when the post-test was compared with the retention test, no statistically significant difference was observed in direct radiography and US (p=0.381; p=0.059), while a statistically significant decrease was observed in CT and MRI (p=0.006; p=0.001). Conclusion: Case-based training significantly improves interns' ability to interpret basic radiologic imaging modalities. While permanent learning was achieved primarily in direct radiography and basic US applications, loss of knowledge was observed in more complex modalities such as CT and MRI. Structuring training programs taking into account these differences may contribute to the development of clinical decision-making skills
Comment on: prognostic value of HALP score in predicting contrast-induced acute kidney injury in elderly ST-elevation myocardial infarction
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Monte Carlo-based probabilistic assessment of natural radioactivity and radiological risk in infant formulas marketed in Turkey
No full textThis study provides the first comprehensive assessment of natural radionuclide contamination in commercial powdered infant formulas on the Turkish market. Twenty-four samples representing 12 major brands were analyzed using high-resolution gamma spectrometry to quantify the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K. The measured mean activity concentrations were 1.51 Bq kg⁻1 for 226Ra, 1.57 Bq kg⁻1 for 232Th, and 239.9 Bq kg⁻1 for 40K. The derived annual effective doses for infants under one year and those aged 1–2 years averaged 0.654 and 0.183 mSv y⁻1, respectively, both below the 1 mSv y⁻1 safety threshold recommended by the ICRP and UNSCEAR. Monte Carlo simulations (10,000 iterations) showed the 95th percentile of excess lifetime radiological risk (ELRR) to be two orders of magnitude lower than the acceptable risk interval (10⁻⁶–10⁻4), indicating a very low radiological health impact within the framework of international radiological protection criteria. Principal component analysis identified two dominant components: a radionuclide factor driven by 226Ra and 232Th and a 40K-associated nutritional factor. Despite the relatively elevated 226Ra and 232Th levels compared to the reference values, the overall radiological exposure from Turkish infant formulas remains within safe limits. These findings establish the first radiological baseline for Turkish infant formulas and emphasize the need for routine monitoring and standardized analytical protocols to ensure continued consumer safety
AI-powered literature-based scoring and Z-score normalization for multi-property profiling of dual-effect natural compounds
No full textPhytochemicals with dual therapeutic effects particularly those exhibiting both antidiabetic and anticancer activity represent promising candidates for drug repurposing and multi-target drug discovery. We present an AI-assisted pipeline for ranking natural compounds with dual antidiabetic and anticancer potential. The system integrates semantic similarity (S-PubMedBERT), stance detection (BioBERT-NLI), co-occurrence analysis from PubMed and Scopus, and clinical trial profiling. Scores for antidiabetic and anticancer activity were derived as functions of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory relevance common mechanistic intermediates. A hybrid Z-score normalization strategy was used: intra-group baselining for large chemical families (n >= 5) and metformin-referenced standardization for smaller groups. Importantly, the system is designed as a literature-driven evidence-synthesis layer-structuring and weighing published experimental and clinical findings-rather than a de novo predictor of bioactivity in the absence of literature support. Quantitatively, the stance classifier achieved [F1 = 0.xx / accuracy = 0.xx] on n = [xxx] manually annotated evidence sentences, and the prioritization recovered [k of m] canonical multifunctional compounds within the top-[K] candidates (precision@K = 0.xx). The pipeline identified lead phytochemicals (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin) consistently exceeding Z > 1 across both therapeutic axes. This scalable, literature-driven framework integrates biomedical NLP and weighted evidence to prioritize multifunctional compounds for drug discovery