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Handicraft activities in the small town of Fanum Martis (Famars, noter France) : analysing and interpreting spatial organisation and production size
No full textInternational audienceRecent excavations (2011 to 2020) in the western part of the Roman small town of Fanum Martis, have enabled an overall understanding of its urban lay-out. The town develops economically from the second half of the 1st century onwards, when the nearby civitas capital Bavay decentralizes its handicraft activities, only keeping its administrative role. The small town expands to 200 hectares, with a large range of handicraft and agricultural activities mixed within the urban organization, not restricting them to a particular area. This includes alongside pottery activities, a tannery, bronze and glass production, glue manufacturing and treatment of cereals. These activities, sometimes lacking clear architectural features, have been proved by extensive sampling of artefacts and raw materials, using petrography, carpology, archaeozoology or micromorphological studies to sustain hypotheses. Differences in production size can be noted for pottery manufacturing, using two types of organization: simple workshops with a repertoire of cooking-wares meant to be sold within the town and the pagus and worksites where a range of kilns and buildings suggest an extensive activity for a large distribution of mortaria and flagons to the north of Gallia Belgica. This production probably cannot be seen apart from the nearby agricultural activities, flagons being exported for their contents.The article wishes to illustrate this rich variety of handicrafts, their architectural features but also their lay-out within the urban plan and the analysis of their production size, using the first results of distribution data. Finally, analysis of artefacts themselves lead to a list of probable professions mixing within the same living space (goldsmiths, doctors, horners, …). Thus, a complex image is yielded of a flourishing town where living and producing go hand in hand
Tax Design, Information, and Elasticities: Evidence From the French Wealth Tax
No full textUsing exhaustive administrative wealth and income tax data, we study a French wealth tax reform that scaled back information reporting requirements below a certain wealth threshold. We develop a dynamic bunching approach that permits estimating the average response to the reform, the share of compliers, and the LATE. Reported wealth declines sharply in response to the reform and annual wealth growth rates are on average 20% lower among affected taxpayers. This decline appears due to increased evasion facilitated by the lower reporting requirements, as suggested by the fall in self-reported wealth but the lack of response in third-party-reported labor and capital incomes. By contrast, the elasticities to tax rates estimated are very small and insignificant. This illustrates the critical role of information reporting policies in shaping taxpayers' behavior
Le système Gribeauval
No full textNapoleon.org, le site d’histoire de la Fondation Napoléonhttps://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/articles/le-systeme-gribeauval
Ancestralité et autochtonie. Une recherche pluridisciplinaire sur la mémoire des origines
No full textInternational audienceComment la mémoire des origines participe-t-elle à la construction des identités et des territoires ? Cette interrogation, qui traverse les individus et les sociétés dans la longue durée, est abordée dans ce volume en questionnant le rapport aux origines autour de deux formes d’appartenance : l’ancestralité (comme rapport aux origines familiales) et l’autochtonie (comme rapport aux origines géographiques). La problématique de la mémoire des origines, parce qu’elle associe une analyse critique de la notion d’origine et une réflexion sur l’expression spatiale des identités individuelles et collectives, nécessite une approche résolument pluridisciplinaire. L’ouvrage regroupe ainsi les contributions d’historiens spécialistes des différentes périodes, d’archéologues, d’anthropologues, de politistes et de juristes afin de confronter les concepts et les méthodes autour d’un objet partagé. Ce choix a permis de multiplier les contextes d’analyse — avec une attention particulière portée aux enjeux de mémoire liés au fait colonial (antique, moderne et contemporain) — et de confronter différentes manières de faire vivre cette mémoire des origines, à travers des mots, des objets, des lieux
The Belgian Historical Gazetteer, a tool for researchers. Demonstration
No full textInternational audienceThis demo will introduce the pilot-project “Belgian Historical Gazetteer”. Based on three small case studies, this demo will present how this gazetteer can be helpful to researchers. We will show how the dataset can be queried via the LOD Druid platform to, firstly, identify and, secondly, disambiguate (old) place names and, thirdly, how it can provide institutions with permanent identifiers for old places
AIKON : un environnement de recherche collaboratif pour l’étude visuelle de corpus historiques
No full textThe article presents the AIKON digital research environment, developed as a response to methodological questions raised by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of Digital humanities. Designed for the visual study of large historical corpora, this platform articulates three stages of the historian's work: corpus construction, image analysis and exploitation of results. AIKON takes a pragmatic and collaborative approach. Historians, Digital humanities engineers, and Computer vision specialists co-developed this platform, ensuring that the tasks entrusted to algorithms, such as image extraction and vectorisation or similarity searches, can also be performed manually on a smaller scale. The platform allows historians to maintain critical control over processing, thanks to interfaces that enable them to validate and correct algorithmic results. AIKON is thus positioned as a powerful, modular and interoperable tool that reaffirms the central role of human expertise while offering new perspectives for the study of visual heritage
Le massif de tuf eemien de Resson (La Saulsotte): Un tuf calcaire du dernier interglaciaire aux dimensions exceptionnelles
No full textInternational audienceCalcareous tufas are open-air carbonate formations that form near springs or in watercourses. While they are relatively widespread in regions with limestone bedrock, such as the Paris Basin, ancient tufas preserved to a thickness of several metres are rare. The Resson tufa extends across the small valley of the same name, covering nearly a kilometre in length and several hundred metres in width. This is why it is marked on the geological map of the area (Fig. 1).When research on the site restarted in 2020, an ancient quarry face several metres thick was cleaned, documented and sampled (see figures 1 and 3). This revealed a tufa deposit around 10 metres thick, resting on colluvial deposits that had been reworked by fluvial processes. This geomorphological evidence, together with the first U-Th dating on calcite, confirms that the Resson tufa dates from the Eemian interglacial period, between 130,000 and 115,000 years ago.Profile 1 shows the most well-developed tufa sequence (Fig. 2 and 3), consisting of a succession of granular facies comprising encrusted plant debris, followed by finer and even silty facies in the upper part, which is typical of fluvial-marsh tufa.Les tufs calcaires sont des formations carbonatées de plein-air, qui se forment à proximité des sources ou dans des cours d’eau. Ils sont relativement répandus dans les régions au sous-sol calcaire comme le bassin de Paris mais les tufs anciens conservés sur plusieurs mètres d’épaisseur sont plus rares. Le massif de tuf de Resson s’étend dans la petite vallée du même nom, sur près d’un kilomètre de long et plusieurs centaines de mètres de large ce qui lui vaut d’être mentionné sur la carte géologique du secteur (Fig. 1). Lors de la reprise des recherches sur le site en 2020, un ancien front de taille de plusieurs mètres de puissance a été nettoyé, relevé et échantillonné (Fig. 1 & 3). Il révèle un tuf de près de 10 m d’épaisseur, reposant sur des blocs et graviers colluvionnés puis remaniés par des dynamiques fluviatiles. Cette position géomorphologique ainsi que les premières datations par U-Th sur calcite confirment une attribution du tuf de Resson à l’interglaciaire Eemien, entre 130 et 115 000 ans. Le Profil 1 présente la séquence de tuf la mieux développée (Fig. 2 & 3), avec une succession de faciès granulaires, constitués de débris de végétaux encroûtés, puis de faciès plus fins voire limoneux dans la partie supérieure, typique d’un tuf fluviopalustre
10 Years of Pakistan-French Archaeological Excavations at Chanhu-daro, Sindh
No full textInternational audienc
