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Organic geochemical investigations of an MIS 5 fire in the Palaeolithic deposits of Ormesson (Seine-et-Marne, France): Anthropic or natural?
No full textInternational audienceDespite the central role of fire in Pleistocene and Palaeolithic lifeways, the relationship among hominins, fire, and their environment remains unclear. Ancient combustion residues hold a wealth of molecular data that may help to resolve some of these questions, yet standardised guidelines for reconstructing past fire traces are notably lacking. In this study, we examine extensive combustion residues overlying Middle Palaeolithic deposits from the open-air site of Ormesson (France). To determine whether the combustion residues are of natural or human origin, multiproxy approaches including anthracology, lipid biomarker, and benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) analyses are applied. These techniques are used to characterise organic matter and pyrogenic carbon compositions in the deposits, providing insights into surrounding vegetation, palaeoenvironmental shifts, and the production parameters involved in the formation of the char assemblage. Lipid biomarker evidence suggests that the pre-fire local environment featured abundant coniferous vegetation (e.g., Pinaceae taxa), which is supported by anthracological evidence for a predominance of Pinus cf. sylvestris/nigra complemented by Betula sp. taxa. The post-fire environment saw a contraction of coniferous vegetation, concurrent with an expansion of deciduous taxa, grasses and herbaceous material. The combustion event, which resulted in 67 % of the charcoal assemblage exhibiting vitrification, produced PyC contents of up to 362 g/kg OC in soil samples and 443 g/kg OC in charcoal samples, with aromatic condensation values of up to 34 %. BPCA-derived predictions of heat treatment temperatures yielded values of approximately 300–400 °C for charcoal samples and 400–550 °C for soil samples in the burned layer, constituting the first instance in which quantitative temperature estimations are obtained from BPCA results. Based on the integrated evidence, we accept the null hypothesis that the studied combustion residues are natural in origin. However, the similarity of archaeometric and geochemical signatures from natural and human-controlled fires underscores the need for interdisciplinary, multiproxy efforts to improve the identification of past fire regimes
How ICT shapes wages, working conditions, and job satisfaction
No full textWe study how the widespread diffusion of ICT affects wages, working conditions, and job satisfaction. We frame our empirical investigation with a model in which ICT can improve both wages and working conditions by increasing firms' output. Using French matched employer-employee data and an instrumental variable approach that is motivated by the model, we find that ICT diffusion in 2013-2019 has been beneficial to workers, who experienced both higher wages and better working conditions, particularly through greater flexibility, physical comfort, and safety. In contrast, ICT use has also increased psychological stress and work intensity. These effects vary across workers, firms, occupations and sectors, depending on their characteristics. Despite overall improvements in wages and working conditions, we estimate only modest positive effects of ICT use on job satisfaction. We discuss potential explanations for this finding
Political organization and territorial dynamics in the hinterland of the Maya city of Naachtun, Guatemala
No full textInternational audienc
Sur les chemins de l’embouche : le grand marché aux bestiaux de Poissy
No full textInternational audienc
Effets à l'égard du cessionnaire d'une créance de la clause d'élection de for stipulée dans le contrat source de la créance cédée
No full textInternational audience(CJUE 23 oct. 2025, aff. C-682/23, E. B. c/ K. P., D. 2025. 1885
Cartographier l'écosystème des e-pétitions via les médias sociaux :mobilisation dans l'UE autour d'enjeux et idéologies
No full textInternational audienceWe study petition-related mobilization on Social Media across issues and ideologies. Using calls to sign petitions on X in the seven most spoken EU languages, we build the first multi-platform, multi-language map of the e-petitioning ecosystem. To ensure cross-language and cross-ideology comparability, we infer call for signatures’ issues using ManifestoBERTa and users' ideological orientation via Ideology Scaling methods calibrated using expert survey data. We classify active individuals into an ontology of mobilization types. Results show that e-petition activism is issue-specific and short-lived, with only a small portion of individuals engaging in sustained mobilization. We characterize differences in e-activism across the Left-Right spectrum, with Right-leaning users being most active on issues like political corruption and traditional morality, while environmental protection sees low engagement levels compared to its reach.Nous étudions la mobilisation liée aux pétitions sur les réseaux sociaux, à travers différents enjeux et idéologies. En nous appuyant sur des appels à la signature de pétitions diffusés sur X, dans les sept langues les plus parlées de l’Union européenne, nous construisons la première cartographie multi-plateforme et multilingue de l’écosystème de l’e-pétitionnement. Afin de garantir la comparabilité interlinguistique et inter-idéologique, nous inférons les thématiques des appels à signatures à l’aide de ManifestoBERTa et estimons l’orientation idéologique des utilisateurs au moyen de méthodes de Ideology Scaling calibrées à partir de données d’enquêtes d’experts. Nous classons les individus actifs au sein d’une ontologie des types de mobilisation. Les résultats montrent que l’activisme par e-pétition est fortement dépendant des enjeux et de courte durée, seule une minorité d’individus s’engageant dans une mobilisation soutenue. Nous mettons en évidence des différences marquées dans l’e-activisme le long du clivage gauche-droite : les utilisateurs orientés à droite sont les plus actifs sur des enjeux tels que la corruption politique et la morale traditionnelle, tandis que la protection de l’environnement suscite des niveaux d’engagement relativement faibles au regard de sa portée
Forfait et rémunération équitable ou appropriée : les obscurités mal dissipées des directives de l'Union européenne
No full textInternational audience(CJUE 10 juill. 2025, aff. C-37/24, UPFR c/ Dada Music, arrêt rendu sans concl. d'av. gén
Le serment politique comme régulation ou comme contestation de l’ordre public au Moyen-Âge
No full textInternational audienceAu cours du Moyen Âge, bien qu’il ait été utilisé pour renforcer les liens sociaux et politiques, le serment a été source de contestations religieuses et vecteur de désordre social. Consciente de ces enjeux politiques, l’Église s’est efforcée de contrôler son potentiel créatif et émancipateur. En dépit de ses efforts, la parole jurée s’est largement affranchie de son contrôle, jouant alternativement un rôle de préservation ou de subversion des institutions