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A stable isotopic and textual examination of the weaning process at Bronze Age Kültepe, Türkiye
No full textInternational audienceStable isotope analysis of archaeological human remains can provide us with the potential to study cultural practices in past people. This study focuses on examining a particular cultural practice, that of the weaning process. We apply δ13C and δ15N values from bulk bone collagen of subadults (n = 28; Early Bronze Age n = 5, Middle Bronze Age n = 23) (in conjunction with and relative to adult values) from Bronze Age Kültepe to investigate the timing and nature of the weaning process. By integrating stable isotope analysis of subadults with contemporary textual evidence, this study investigates what the timing and pattern of the weaning process at Bronze Age Kültepe can infer about broader cultural practices, household dynamics, and socio-economic factors. Kültepe, in east central Anatolia, is one of the largest Bronze Age settlements in Anatolia, inhabited from the Early Bronze Age to the Middle Bronze Age, and provides a good case study for being able to investigate how scientific methodologies and textual analysis can be combined to examine cultural practices; in this case, the weaning process. The results of this study suggest that, overall, the weaning process commenced at around 1–1.5 years of age and was completed by around 2.5–3 years of age. These estimated ages are in general agreement for isotopically observed weaning process ages and duration for prehistoric populations in Anatolia and the Near East, as well as the textual evidence from Kültepe
Landosiana : pratiques de traduction et culture religieuse grecque de la première modernité. Conférence donnée dans le cadre du séminaire Histoire comparée et connectée des christianismes orientaux (XVIe-XIXe siècles), EPHE-PSL, Paris, le 4 novembre 2025
No full textThis paper, delivered within the framework of the EPHE-PSL seminar Comparative and Connected History of Eastern Christianities (16th–19th centuries), presents the results of a codicological and palaeographical study of manuscripts produced by the Athonite workshop to which Agapios Landos (1595–1657), a Cretan religious writer and editor of spiritual and hagiographical texts, belonged. The analysis highlights the collective dimension of his spiritual and editorial project, as well as its continuity with a local reform movement initiated by Dionysios the Rhetor. The findings reveal a profound reconfiguration of the figure of the scribe and religious writer at the conclusion of Agapios’s editorial enterprise: from a simple copyist and book artisan, he gradually came to define himself as a monk invested with a spiritual mission aimed at the edification of the ecclesial body. This transformation is notably expressed through the use of the vernacular language and print in order to reach a broader audience, through the adoption of a posture endowed with spiritual authority within the texts and their paratexts, and through the growing tensions with his original milieu, concerned about the impact of print culture on traditional artisanal book practices.Cette communication, faite dans le cadre du séminaire EPHE-PSL d'Histoire comparée et connectée des christianismes orientaux (XVIe-XIXe siècles), présente les résultats d’une étude codicologique et paléographique consacrée aux manuscrits produits par l’atelier athonite auquel appartenait Agapios Landos (1595-1657), un écrivain religieux crétois et éditeur des textes spirituels et hagiographiques. L’analyse met en lumière la dimension collective de son projet spirituel et éditorial, ainsi que sa continuité avec un mouvement local de réforme, initié par Denys le Rhéteur. Les conclusions montrent une reconfiguration profonde de la figure du scribe et de l’écrivain religieux à l’issue de l’entreprise éditoriale d’Agapios : de simple copiste et artisan du livre, il se définit progressivement comme un moine investi d’une mission d’édification du corps ecclésial. Cette transformation s’exprime notamment par le recours à la langue vernaculaire et à l’imprimé afin de toucher un public élargi, par l’adoption d’une posture d’autorité spirituelle dans les textes et les péritextes, ainsi que par les tensions croissantes avec son milieu d’origine, préoccupé par l’impact de la culture imprimée sur les pratiques artisanales traditionnelles
Algorithmic curation of News on YouTube: Evidence from the 2022 French Presidential Campaign
No full textDebate is growing over how algorithmic recommendations influence news visibility, particularly regarding interest and ideological bias. This study examines YouTube's News Recommender System (NRS), focusing on the French "News" section of the homepage through a large-scale audit using automated browsing agents.Our findings show that the NRS prioritises platform-native creators over established news outlets, favouring content that aligns with YouTube's features rather than traditional editorial standards. Politically charged, opinion-based videos, especially those from prominent figures affiliated with extreme political parties, receive ongoing algorithmic promotion. While centrist and moderate political figures remain underrepresented, the algorithm boosts their visibility once users interact with this type of content. This two-part mechanism, which amplifies already prominent content and appears to overcompensate for rare content, does not just reflect engagement-based optimisation, but is driven by the algorithm's tendency to maintain coherence in a highly unbalanced content landscape. However, this compensatory logic does not counteract the algorithm's broader tendency to promote content from radical political figures while marginalising institutional news outlets. Through this process, the NRS actively reshapes news exposure within the "News" section, privileging political expression over journalistic authority and reproducing structural hierarchies of visibility
Umm al-Quwain 2, un site d'habitat et une nécropole aux Emirats arabes unis
No full textInternational audienceThis volume examines the Neolithic period in Eastern Arabie, focusing on the coastal of UAQ2 in Umm Al Quwain, United Arab Emirates. Bosed on years of excavations and surveys conducted by the French Archaelogical in the UAE, it explores how coastal sites lived and adapted between the 8th and the 5th Millenia before present. The book highligts the unique features of UAQ2, including its well preserved stratigraphy, which also provides insights into settlement patterns, substance strategies and burial practicies. These findings offer a detailed understanding of how these communites sustained themseleves through fishing, huntingh, and herding. The site contains one of the oldest known graveyard in the Arabien Gulf, revealing evidence of inter-group vlolence and symbolic practices linked to to ancient pearling traditions. In addition to examinig local practises, this monograph places UAQ2 withing broader regional networks. It explores connections with Mesopotamia, demonstated by Ubaid pottery, and links with the Sultanate of Oman, reflected inshare material culture and technologies. These interactions underline the UAE's significant place in regional exchange during the Neolithic. The study also considers the impact of environnemental changes on human mobility and settlement, including the effects of aridification and schifting coastal landscape. By integrating archaeological and enviromental analyses, this book enhances our understanding of the Neolithic and its place within the the wider prehistoric world.Ce livre porte sur le Néolithique en Arabie orientale, en se concentrant sur le site côtier d'UAQ2 à Umm Al Quwain, aux Émirats arabes unis. S'appuyant sur les résultats d'années de fouilles et de prospections menées par la mission archéologique française aux Émirats arabes unis, on y explore la manière dont les populations côtières ont vécu et se sont adaptées entre le 8e et le 5e millénaire avant notre ère dans la région. L'ouvrage met en lumière les caractéristiques uniques d'UAQ2, notamment sa stratigraphie bien préservée, qui apporte des informations précieuses sur les modes d'occupation du territoire, les stratégies de subsistance et les pratiques funéraires. Ces découvertes offrent un éclairage nouveau sur la manière dont les communautés subsistaient grâce à la pêche, la chasse et l'élevage. Le site comporte l'une des plus anciennes nécropoles connues du Golfe Persique, révélant des témoignages de tensions intergroupes et de pratiques symboliques liées aux traditions perlières. Outre l'étude des pratiques locales, cette monographie situe UAQ2 au sein de réseaux régionaux. Elle explore les liens avec la Mésopotamie, mis en évidence par la céramique Obeid, comme les liens avec le Sultanat d'Oman, reflétés par un partage de la culture matérielle et des technologies. Ces interactions soulignent le rôle important des Émirats arabes unis dans les échanges régionaux au Néolithique. L'étude porte également sur l'impact qu'ont eu les changements environnementaux sur la mobilité des populations (effets de l'aridification et de de la transformation du paysage côtier). En intégrant les résultats d'analyses archéologiques et environnementales, cet ouvrage enrichit notre compréhension du Néolithique et de sa place dans le monde préhistorique
Les sentiers de la transition énergétique : de l’épuisement des ressources à la gloire du recyclage
No full textInternational audienceThis article summarises research in the field of natural resource economics. It aims to present the issues at stake for energy systems related to resource scarcity. It examines the challenges and opportunities associated with the energy transition, highlighting the interactions between the exploitation of fossil and mineral resources and the development of renewable energies. Particular attention is paid to the crucial role of recycling, analysing its determinants, market organisation and the public policies likely to promote its deployment. Finally, the article explores the economic links between primary and secondary raw materials, as well as their impact on the dynamics of the energy transition, while considering environmental and regulatory constraints.Cet article propose une synthèse des travaux de recherche en économie des ressources naturelles. Son objectif est de présenter les enjeux énergétiques liés à la disponibilité des ressources. Il examine les défis et les opportunités associés à la transition énergétique en mettant en lumière les interactions entre l'exploitation des ressources fossiles et minérales et le développement des énergies renouvelables. Une attention particulière est accordée au rôle crucial du recyclage, en analysant ses déterminants, son organisation de marché et les politiques publiques susceptibles de promouvoir son déploiement. Enfin, l'article explore les liens économiques entre les matières premières et secondaires, ainsi que leurs impacts sur la dynamique de la transition énergétique, tout en tenant compte des contraintes environnementales et réglementaires
Topographie et photogrammétrie subaquatique des viviers antiques à Tyr (Liban). Retour d’expérience et reconstitution du niveau marin à la période romaine.
No full textArchéOrient - Le Blo
La représentation syndicale à l’épreuve du pouvoir politique: Retour sur la création du Conseil national de l’économie informelle au Burkina Faso
No full textInternational audienceEstablished in December 2019, Burkina Faso’s National Council of the Informal Economy (CNEI) is the culmination of a process initiated two decades earlier through collective action by small traders’ unions. However, when the project finally materialized, its initiators felt sidelined and accused the government of political co-optation. The article demonstrates that, rather than consolidating an autonomous space for representation, the creation of the CNEI resulted in a process of institutionalization and domestication. This process was characterized by the gradual appropriation of the original project and the establishment of a structure largely controlled by public and economic elites. Drawing on ethnographic research, the article explores the mechanisms and stakes of this transformation.Creado en diciembre de 2019, el Consejo Nacional de la Economía Informal de Burkina Faso (CNEI) es el resultado de un proceso iniciado veinte años antes por una acción colectiva de los sindicatos de pequeños comerciantes. Pero cuando el proyecto se materializó, sus impulsores se sintieron marginados y denunciaron una apropiación política. El artículo muestra que, lejos de conducir a la consolidación de un espacio autónomo de representación, la creación del CNEI se tradujo en un proceso de institucionalización y domesticación, marcado por una progresiva confiscación del proyecto inicial y por la instauración de una estructura controlada en gran medida por los poderes públicos y económicos. Apoyándose en una investigación etnográfica, este artículo analiza los mecanismos y los retos de esta transformación.Mis en place en décembre 2019, le Conseil national de l’économie informelle au Burkina Faso (CNEI), est l’aboutissement d’un processus initié vingt ans plus tôt, par une action collective des syndicats de petits commerçants. Mais lorsque le projet aboutit, ses initiateurs s’estiment écartés, et dénoncent une récupération politique. L’article montre que, loin d’aboutir à la consolidation d’un espace autonome de représentation, la création du CNEI s’est traduite par un processus d’institutionnalisation et de domestication, marqué par une confiscation progressive du projet initial et par la mise en place d’une structure largement contrôlée par les pouvoirs publics et économiques. Basé sur une enquête ethnographique, cet article interroge les mécanismes et les enjeux de cette transformation
L’historien de l’Antiquité face aux collections et archives
No full textInternational audiencePubliques ou privées, les archives des anciens ont largement accompagné des logiques de sophistication du droit et des échanges. Publiques ou privées, elles ont bien sûr aussi concouru à la mémoire collective. Comment ont-elles été réutilisées sur le temps long
Le travail de la donnée au sein d'une administration : recomposition, valorisation et dévalorisation
No full textInternational audienc
Late Glacial to Holocene Stalagmite-Based Paleoclimate Record of Mountainous Environments in the Northern Levant: Insights from Qadisha Cave, Western Flank of Mount Lebanon
No full textInternational audienceThe Eastern Mediterranean region, due to its geographical context on the arid/semi-arid boundary and its steep topography, is highly sensitive to hydroclimatic changes and therefore identified as a major climate hotspot by the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report. The region hosts mature karstic landscapes which offers numerous natural archives for assessing past climates and environments. Particularly, paleoclimate studies based on vadose carbonate cave deposits have enable high-resolution reconstructions of paleoclimates at both local and regional scales, especially for the Late Glacial and the Holocene.However, the majority of speleothems originate from low-altitude environments, mainly from sites in the southern Levant. First, recent publications (Cheng et al., 2015) highlight discrepancies in paleoclimatic trends between the south and the north during the same period. Second, the available regional records cannot adequately reflect changes affecting mountainous areas, since high-altitude environments are more vulnerable to hydroclimatic variations.To address this knowledge gap, speleothems from Qadisha Cave, located on the western flanks of Mt. Lebanon (1720 m a.s.l.), have been studied with the aim of reconstructing paleoclimate trends since the Late Glacial. Three stalagmites (Qad3, Qad4, and Qad5), collected in 2014 and 2023, have been analyzed and dated, covering a period from 13,000 to 6,000 years BP. Variations in δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C along the growth axes (sampled at 1 mm resolution) are being investigated together with speleothem growth rates in order to evaluate climate variability in terms of general trends in humidity and soil activity during this time interval.The purpose of this poster is therefore to present the first insights from the ongoing research: composite isotopic curves and their potential paleoclimatic interpretation at a local geographic scale, considered in light of the current understanding of the regional paleoclimatic significance of calcite δ¹⁸O in Mount Lebanon (Cheng et al., 2015; Nehme et al., 2023), the paleoenvironmental significance of δ¹³C in mid-latitudes (Genty et al., 2003), as well as within the geographical context of Mount Lebanon during the Holocene (Nader et al., 2007), and, finally, the assessment of the cave environment together with the study of recent calcite (the current study and Nehme et al., 2019)