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Ambiguïté sémantique d’une image. Bref retour sur les femmes assises en terre cuite de l’Artémision de Thasos
No full textInternational audienceIn the Archaic and early Classical periods, representations of seated women are clearly predominant among the thousands of figurative terracotta pieces discovered in the Artemision of Thasos. The majority of these figurines reproduce the banal image, widely circulated throughout the Mediterranean, of a woman seated frontally with her hands on her knees, most often wearing a diadem associated with a veil. Rare are those that are better characterized by the wearing of a particular headdress, the presence of an object held in a hand brought to the chest, or an animal placed on the knees. Based on an analysis of all the elements of composition, which can be considered as markers revealing an identity, a function, or a field of action, we will attempt to understand the meaning of this image in all its variations and explain its presence in such large numbers in the specific context of the Thasian Artemision.À l’époque archaïque et au début de l’époque classique, les représentations de femmes assises dominent très nettement parmi les milliers de terres cuites figurées mises au jour dans l’Artémision de Thasos. La majorité de ces figurines reproduit le schéma banal et largement diffusé à travers la Méditerranée d’une femme montrée assise de face avec les mains posées à plat sur les genoux, le plus souvent coiffée d’un diadème associé à un voile. Rares sont celles qui sont mieux caractérisées par le port d’une coiffe particulière, la présence d’un objet tenu dans une main ramenée sur la poitrine ou d’un animal posé sur les genoux. En se fondant sur l’analyse de tous les éléments de composition, à considérer comme des marqueurs révélateurs d’une identité, d’une fonction ou d’un domaine d’action, on essaiera de comprendre le sens de cette image dans toutes ses variantes et d’expliquer sa présence en aussi grand nombre dans le contexte précis de l’Artémision thasien
South China Sea Early Globalisation: A systemic view from the Isthmus of Kra.
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter examines early globalization in the South China Sea from 500 BC to AD 500, focusing on the interconnected maritime networks that linked South and Southeast Asia. Focusing on the Isthmus of Kra as a key crossroads, the study reveals a dynamic system of trade, cultural exchange and technological transfer that challenges traditional interpretations of “Indianization.” Archaeological evidence from port settlements such as Khao Sam Kaeo and Khao Sek reveal complex political and economic structures characterized by cosmopolitan populations, specialized industries, and trans-peninsular trade routes. These settlements produced culturally hybrid artifacts, such as ornaments and ceramics, that blend South and Southeast Asian styles. This evidence points to a “Late Prehistoric South China Sea Style,” a pan-regional material culture that underscores the deep interconnectedness of the region. The chapter proposes a model of early globalization that eschews hierarchical framings such as Wallerstein’s core-periphery model. Instead, a decentralized, systemic perspective is adopted that highlights the role of often overlooked small-scale mobile groups, including artisans, maritime nomads, traders and maritime communities. These actors acted as intermediaries, facilitating exchanges and shaping cultural identities across interconnected networks. This systemic approach defines globalization as a dynamic, multidirectional process driven by diverse participants and fluid alliances rather than elite or centralized powers. It portrays the South China Sea as a vibrant hub where local and global forces intersect, creating a mosaic of interconnected yet distinct cultural and economic practices. This systemic view enriches our understanding of the South China Sea’s role as a center of early globalization and the intricate interplay of local and global forces that shaped its history
Un joint entre deux fragments de tablettes de Nuzi, AO 7775 (TCL 9 25) et BM 81509 (SANTAG 4 61)
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OSSERVAZIONI SU CERTUNI «DUBBI METODOLOGICI» A PROPOSITO DI MACHIAVELLI COSTITUZIONALISTA
No full textInternational audienceAfter a brief presentation of the fundamental theses of his book Machiavelli costituzionalista (Viella, 2023),which focuses on Machiavelli's involvement in Medici politics aVer the death of The Prince’s dedicatee,Jérémie Barthas responds to the criticisms leveled against him by Marcello Simonetta in «Machiavelliana», III(2024). In his response, Barthas discusses in particular the archival documents used by his reviewer and theprinciples of historical methodology on which he based his criticism of Machiavelli costituzionalista.Après une brève présentation des thèses fondamentales de son livre Machiavelli costituzionalista (Viella, 2023), qui est consacré à l'implication de Machiavel dans la politique des Médicis après la mort du dédicataire du Prince, Jérémie Barthas répond aux critiques formulées à son encontre par Marcello Simonetta dans « Machiavelliana », III (2024). Dans sa réponse, Barthas discute en particulier des documents d'archives utilisés par son recenseur et des principes de méthodologie historique avancés par ce dernier pour critiquer Machiavelli costituzionalista.Dopo una sommaria presentazione delle tesi fondamentali del suo libro Machiavelli costuzionalista (Viella, 2023) dedicato al coinvolgimento di Machiavelli nella politica medicea in seguito alla morte del dedicatario del Principe, Jérémie Barthas ribatte alle critiche mossegli da Marcello Simonetta in «Machiavelliana», III (2024). Nella sua risposta, Barthas discute in particolare i documenti archivistici adoperati dal suo recensore e i principi di metodo storico avanzati da quest’ultimo nel criticare Machiavelli costituzionalista
Le sens du travail comme construction collective. Un point de vue sociologique
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The Religion and Rituals of the Nomads of Pre-Islamic Arabia. A Reconstruction Based on the Safaitic Inscriptions
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The intertwined connection between the suburban sites of Mahasthangarh (Bangladesh) and the environment: How to deal with a ‘biased’ landscape?
No full textInternational audienceMahasthangarh is located in the northwestern part of Bangladesh, in the Rajshahidistrict. Built on a small terrasse known as the Barind tract overlooking the Karatoya River, this fortified site is surrounded by a roughly rectangular rampart of about 1.5 km long on 1 km large made of baked bricks. This enclosure wall dates from the 4th-3rdc. BCE and its outline never changed over time despite several repairs. Thanks to the excavations conducted within the citadel sporadically since almost 150 years, and then systematically since the last 30 years by the Joint Bangladeshi-French Archaeological Mission of Mahasthangarh, we know that the inner-wall site was occupied continuously from minimum the 4th c. BCE until at least the 15th c. CE, with phases of dynamism and of downs in terms of building activity. Outside the citadel, archaeologists have identified more than 150 suburban sites so far. Those sites are spread all around the fortification and dated from different chronological periods. This paper aims at (i) introducing those sites; (ii) discussing possible cultural and environmental factors which affected the choice of their location; (iii) underlining surveying issues and limitations faced nowadays by archaeologists in a densely anthropized landscape
Penser les conventions et partenariats avec les collègues asiatiques dans le cadre de l’archéologie
No full textInternational audienceLe but de cette communication est de faire le point sur la gestion des données et archives notamment numériques produites lors des missions archéologiques collaboratives en Asie (financées par le Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires Etrangères – MEAE). En effet, chaque pays asiatique dispose de sa propre législation sur le sujet (quand elle existe) et l’enjeu est de trouver un terrain d’entente entre les exigences des institutions françaises et des agences de financement de type ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche en France) ou ERC (European Research Council). Ces dernières encouragent la mise en place des principes FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) et un accès en ligne le plus ouvert possible pour les données et les archives produites lors de ces projets collaboratifs. Or, ces injonctions suscitent de nombreuses difficultés et interrogations notamment au niveau éthique et juridique, que nous allons brièvement évoquées. Cette présentation se fera en deux parties. J’exposerai d’abord les principaux résultats et points de réflexion d’une enquête réalisée en 2024 auprès de directrices.teurs de missions archéologiques françaises collaboratives en Asie sur le sujet. J’évoquerai ensuite le travail actuellement réalisé par la Mission française de coopération archéologique au Bangladesh – Mahasthangarh sur ses archives constituées sur une période de plus de trente ans, la mission ayant été créée en 1992
Agni, India, and Vedic Poetry
No full textInternational audienceAccording to Gonda (1974), the presence of couples of deities in Vedic pantheon is an original feature of Vedic religion. A few paired gods show complementarity in their combined action, as in the case of Mitra and Varuṇa, or, as in the case of Dyāuṣ and Pṛthivī, or Uṣas and Rātrī, in their mutual implications in this or that (natural) phenomenon. Gonda refers to them as “dual deities”, as the efficiency of the couple (their “unity”) dwells precisely in their common action. Among the divine pairs, the couple Indrāgnī has a special role within ritual context; yet, the symbolism it embodies in the Ṛgveda goes beyond ritual, and gets full meaning in association with speech, each god taking on specific function, and contributing the poetics embedded in the hymns . In this context, Agni is associated with “secret speech” and its hidden traces (padá gúhya), the speech to be found out by the ancient poets (or the gods themselves), penetrating the cosmos up to its furthest abode (padá paramá); while Indra, the master of divine alliances, is engaged in liberating speech, and organising the language in a coherent system
