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Conflit familial autour des œuvres des deux frères photographes
No full textInternational audience(Paris, pôle 5, ch. 2, 21 mars 2025, Séeberger, no 23/04222, Dalloz IP/IT 2025. 556, obs. T. Petelin ; Prop. Intell. 2025, no 96, p. 35 et 41, obs. A. Lucas
The Palaeolithic origin of eyed needles
No full textInternational audienceVarious Palaeolithic tools made of osseous materials can be attributed to the processing of skin and plant fibres for clothing production, such as smoothers, awls, and possibly double points and épingles. However, the eyed needle is the technological innovation that unequivocally marks the beginning of intricate sewing in the Palaeolithic. It is a tool whose shape and mode of use have persisted until today, although its manufacturing techniques have changed over time. This tool is perfectly suited to manual sewing, which is inherently complex, and has various technical, economic, and cultural implications for hunter-gatherer societies. We present a concise overview of the published research on the origin of eyed needles in the Palaeolithic, in different parts of the world and at different periods, from Siberia and the Caucasus to China and North America, and their spread across different territories with their evolution and diversity. We will address the importance of morphometric analyses that allow us to assess this evolution and diversity within a techno-complex and between geographic areas and chrono-cultural contexts, presenting different hypotheses proposed about their origin and dispersion. Additionally, we discuss technological issues regarding the raw materials used (generally bone, although some specimens have been recovered in antler and ivory), and their transformation into needles. Studies in this regard are scarce, and most have focused on the Late Glacial period of Western Europe, although they are gradually extending to other geographic areas and periods. Thus, we examine the different techniques employed in producing the same object type at different times and places in the Northern Hemisphere. Finally, we address the question of needle use, the threads that may have been used, fractures, and repairs
Comparison of high resolution XRF and downhole geophysical scanning of Nussloch loess records, Germany, with field observations
No full textInternational audienceNussloch (Germany) is a distinctive site of interest, particularly as a reference sequence for Late Pleistocene European loess, because it provides a comprehensive record of millennial climate variability. A notable feature of this site is its location within an active quarry. Consequently, the stratigraphic profiles documented constitute an ephemeral record, susceptible to rapid disappearance or brief accessibility, contingent on the operational status of the quarry. In order to guarantee the maintenance of a complete record of the sequence, three separate cores were collected and labelled S1, S2, and S3. The results of core S2, which is the most complete and thoroughly examined, are presented here. A comparison is drawn with the most recent P8 profile that is currently available. XRF measurements, conducted after the cores had been opened and described, are also presented. Borehole logging was carried out in the field after core retrieval, and the resulting measurements are also presented. The findings of this study demonstrate that a high degree of correlation can be established between the records from outcrop investigations and core studies, demonstrating the importance of preserving such archives for future research
Dissociating the functional role of the para-hippocampal and the parietal cortex in human multi-step reinforcement learning
No full textAbstract Many real-life decisions involve a tension between short-term and long-term outcomes, which requires forward-looking abilities. In reinforcement learning, this tension arises at the initial stage of multi-step learning and decision tasks, where forward-looking decisions collect smaller immediate rewards but govern the transition to more advantageous second-stage states. Here, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying such forward-looking decisions in a cohort of healthy participants undergoing fMRI scanning (N=28). Behavioral results confirmed that participants were able to learn concurrently reward values and state-transition probabilities. By contrasting BOLD signal elicited by first-stage versus second-stage at the time of decision, we isolated a brain network, with central nodes in the bilateral parahippocampal cortex (BA37), whose activity correlate with forward-looking choices. BOLD activity in another network, including the bilateral parietal cortex, correlated with structure learning signal at the time of outcome processing. Our results shed new light on the neural bases of model-based reinforcement learning by suggesting a specific role of the parahippocampal cortex in forward planning and the parietal cortex in learning the Markovian structure of the task
“Motif du délit : pédérastie”. Police, justice et homosexualité en Loire-Inférieure (1918-1968)
No full textInternational audienc
"Locus magistri" : le lieu magique aux derniers siècles du Moyen Âge
No full textInternational audienceDans le cadre du séminaire LOCUS (2025-2026), cette communication étudie le discours que développent les textes latins de magie savante, et en particulier du magie rituelle, des XIIe-XVe siècles sur le choix du lieu des opérations magiques, marqué par l'impératif du secret, entre lieu sauvage et lieu domestique ou privé, ainsi que les modes de construction de l'espace rituel (généralement circulaire) et de sa sacralité. Si le lieu des cérémonies magiques est généralement un lieu en retrait, s'il peut aussi, le cas échéant, être pluriel, il n'est pas sans relations avec l'église, l'autel et la liturgie, tant le maître-conjurateur cherche à renforcer son pouvoir informel, fondé sur des textes à la faible autorité dans la typologie des savoirs médiévaux, par la captation du sacré encadré par l'institution ecclésiastique. Une part de l'analyse est aussi réservée aux représentations du lieu magique que l'on repère dans les chroniques et les actes de procès à la fin du Moyen Âge